Under which dept was aeronautics in the U.S. first organized? - Answer- The Dept of Commerce
Which precedent is the Works Progress Administration (WPA)
... [Show More] responsible for setting? - Answer- Government subsidies for certain airport projects
Which Act created the FAA? - Answer- The Federal Aviation Act
What signified the effective beginning of privatized space flight? - Answer- The final flight of the US Space Shuttle
What is the minimum number of enplanements your airport must receive, to qualify for commercial service status? - Answer- 2,500
Which classification of airports enplanements 70-percent or more of the annual passenger traffic in the U.S.? - Answer- Large Hub
What is the correct classification for an airport that is designated by the FAA to relive GA aircraft traffic from a commercial service airport? - Answer- General Aviation Reliever Airport, must have at least 25,000 itinerant aircraft, or 100 based aircraft
An individual calls a charter operator to arrange a flight from Austin, TX to Aspen, CO. This flight operation will come under_________? - Answer- Part 135 Operating requirements: Commuter and On demand operations and Rules Governing Persons on board such
What type of aircraft chart shows obstacles, terrain height, the light pattern of a city at night, federal airways below 18K ft and the location of airports, control towers nav aids and comms? - Answer- The sectional chart
What is the baseline cloud ceiling and visibility requirement for a pilot to operate under VFR? - Answer- 1,000' ceiling and 3 miles visibility
What is the FAA term for the entity that is responsible for governance of the airport? - Answer- Sponsor
Which is the most common type of airport ownership in the US? - Answer- Municipality
Which of the following duties is more likely to be performed by the Airport Executive? - Answer- Implements policy
What is the minimum amount of time the federal government must keep a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking out for public comment? - Answer- 30 days
An FAA employee is conducting inspections of aircraft and pilot certification on the airport. This employee works for the FAA's___? - Answer- Flight Standards District Office (FSDO)
Which of the following documents is a directive to FAA personnel on specific subjects and programs? - Answer- FAA Order
The Federal government has found the use of _____ to be the most effective means for extending federal government policy to local government units. - Answer- Grant Assurances (the hidden regulations)
Which grant assurance attempts to prevent the airport from taking actions or making decisions that would preclude it from maintaining compliance with grant assurance? - Answer- Preserving rights and powers
Prior to filing a Part 16 compliant, what must the complainant do first? - Answer- Attempt to resolve the issue with the Airport Operator.
______ waives immunity over claims arising out of contracts with the federal government - Answer- The Tucker Act
Which entity has the power to make safety related regulations after an aircraft accident? - Answer- The FAA
What is the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) equivalent of a regulation? - Answer- An Annex
Which Grant Assurance addresses the construction of a cell phone tower on the approach end of the runway? - Answer- #20 Hazard Removal and Mitigation
Airport users and tenants are required to adhere to what? - Answer- Rules and Regulations
What is the benefit of minimum standard to the airport user? - Answer- Ensure that an adequate level of safe and efficient service is available to the public.
What is the rule regarding airport fuel? - Answer- An aircraft owner can fuel their own airplane using their own staff, fuel & equipment.
What is the FAA's position on through the fence agreements? - Answer- The FAA does not like them, but does not prohibit them.
What is the most common aeronautical charge at a commercial service airport? - Answer- Landing Fees
Which type of revenue is incidental to aircraft operations and classified as non-aeeronautical revenue? - Answer- Concessions
What is an example of revenue diversion? - Answer- Loans or investment airport money at less than prevailing rates
What is another example of revenue diversion? - Answer- Payments in excess of the cost for police services to the airport.
What is the FAA's position on the airport's fees and rental structure? - Answer- The airport must set rates and charges in a manner to be as self-sustaining as possible.
What shows the expenses and revenues of an airport, i.e. the bottom line and uses accrual accounting? - Answer- The Statement of Net Activities / Income Statement
What is the FAA's position on non-aeronautical property? - Answer- The airport must attempt to get fair market value for non-aeronautical use property
Title 14 CFR Part 77 - Answer- Safe, efficient use and preservation of the navigable airspace (obstructions)
Title 14 CFR Part 107 - Answer- Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAVs)
Title 14 CFR Part 150 - Answer- Airport Noise and compatibility planning
Title 49 CFR Part 1542 - Answer- Airport security
Title 49 CFR 1544 - Answer- Aircraft Operator Security: Air Carriers and Commercial Operators (airline security regs)
Title 14 CFR part 36 - Answer- Noise Standards: Aircraft type and airworthiness certification
Title 14 CFR Part 91 - Answer- Aircraft Operating Rules: (also refers to aircraft operated as a private operation or general aviation (i.e. not commercial for hire)
Title 14 CFR Part 121 - Answer- Aircraft Operating Requirements: Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Air Carrier Operations (scheduled air carrier certifications); can only operate in and out of Part 139 airports due to safety standards; supplemental addresses private charters
Title 14 CFR Part 135 - Answer- Operating Requirements: Commuter and On Demand Operations (air taxi, certain charter and commuters)
Grant Assurance #25 Airport Revenue - Answer- Ensure that airport revenue is spent on airport capital or operating expenses, directly and substantially relate to air transportation, ensures community benefits by the economy and job creation
Grant Assurance #24 Fee and Rental Structure - Answer- Sustain fees, rents and charges to make the Airport as self-sustaining as possible. Cannot charge what you didn't pay for, ensure those who are not using airport doesn't pay for it, maintain utility of the federal investment, charge enough to break even on aeronautical rates, charge fair market value or higher on non-movement and non-aeronautical revenue, exceptions include property no longer needed, not for profit groups, transit projects. private tenant access adn military
Grant Assurance #23 Exclusive Rights - Answer- Airport tenants cannot be given the exclusive rights to perform an aeronautical function, unless that tenant is the Airport Operator or it would be unreasonably costly, burdensome or impractical
Grant Assurance #22 Economic Nondiscrimination - Answer- The Airport must be available on a reasonable basis, without unjust discrimination, to all aeronautical activities
Grant Assurance #21 Compatible land use - Answer- Make reasonable attempts to protect the land use around the airport from land use incompatible with flight operations; restrict off-airport land to compatible uses
Grant Assurance #20 Hazard Removal and Mitigation - Answer- Ensure airspace around the airport is cleared of obstacles that could affect flight operations; including approach paths
Grant Assurance #19 Operations and Maintenance - Answer- Airport must be operated in a safe and serviceable condition, comply with Federal laws, not allow actions that would interfere with the use of the airport, regulating activities must be applied uniformly and reasonably protect aviation businesses from unreasonable competition, sets minimum standard to ensure adequate levels of safe and effective service and protect from unlicensed products or services
Grant Assurance #5 Preserving Rights and Powers - Answer- Attempts to prevent the Airport from taking actions or making decisions that would preclude maintaining compliance with the Assurances
On Airport Land Use - Answer- Aeronautical Use: Runway/taxiway, hangars, airlines gates and air opening areas
Off Airport Land Use - Answer- Compatible Land Use: Doesn't interfere with flight operations or is not adversely affected by the flights operations (commercial, light industrial) - Commercial, shopping, industrial park, industry
Non-Aeronatical Use - Answer- Parking lot, concessions, ground transportation
Incompatible Land Use - Answer- Residential, schools, churches, public hospitals or health care facilities, concert halls
Revenue Diversion - Renting non-aeronautical use property at less than fair market value - Answer- Example: A non-aeronautical tenant less than the full fair market value at the time
Air Mail Act / Kelly Act of 1923 - Answer- Shored up railroads by opening up commercial air mail services, established principle that only those who use aviation shall pay for it
Air Commerce Act of 1926 - Answer- Created a new Aeronautics branch, known as Civil Aeronautics Administration (CAA - the precusor to the FAA); charged the Dept of Commerce, established Air traffic control, pilot licensing, aircraft certification and airways with enforcement capability
Works Progress Administration (WPA) - Answer- New Deal agency authorized by FDW that helped create 9 million jobs and rise economy out of the great depression, provided federal funding to the development or expanse of 852 airports
Airport and Airway Improvement Act of 1982 - Answer- Created the Airport Improvement Program where 75-90% of a project is covered by federal money.
Reorganized the National Airport Plan as the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS), establishing airport categories of commercial and GA.
Development of Landing Areas for National Defense (DLAND) - Answer- Appropriation that created 986 airports in the U.S. to support the war effort, after the war 500 surplus airports were given to municipalities with promise (grant assurance) to make the airport available for public use and national defense
Federal Aviation Act of 1958 - Answer- Created federal aid to airports program with 50% funding, established the National Airport Plan, initiated first grant assurance, created the FAA
Airport and Airway Act of 1970 - Answer- Passed to fill funding gaps, created the Airport Development Aid Program (ADAP) and planning grant
Airline deregulation of 1978 - Answer- Removed the Civil Aeronautics board and ended economic and airline regulations and solidified the Hub and Spoke system
Fixed Base Operators (FBOs) - Answer- Tenants for general aviation, some provide primary fuel, hangar storage and ground handling. Others provide the above and flight training and maintenance
Specialized Aviation Service Operator (SASO) - Answer- Flight schools, charters, sky diving operations, banner companies, agriculture, helicopters - if they start selling fuel, they become a FBO
National plan of integrated airport systems (NPIAS) - Answer- Contains airports that are public use, receive 2500 annual enplanements or a GA airport, GA reliever airport, Army or Air Guard Base, and airports with postal contract
Methods to measure airport activity - Answer- Enplanements, operations and cargo
Local Operations - Answer- Aircraft that remain in the local traffic, within 25 miles radius of the airport
Itinerant Operations - Answer- Aircraft which arrives from outside a 25 mile radius of the airport, and performed under instrument flight rules, visual flight rules or special visual flight rules
Types of airport facilities - Answer- Airport, Heliports, Seaplane bases, Ultralight, Gliderport, Ballonport
Classifications of Airports in the U.S. - Answer- 1) Commercial (+2,500 - +10,000) enplanements = non-hub, small, medium, large; 2) General Aviation (national, Regional, Local & Basic) / GA Reliever - must have +25,000 itinerant aircraft or 100 based operations 3) Cargo with 100 million tons per year; 4) Private/not regulated; 5) Military - only military, shared use or joint-use 6) Primary airports = 10,000 enplanements per year, 7) Non-primary - 4500 enplanements per year
Large Hub - Answer- must account for 1% each of total U.S. passengers, account for 70% of all passenger traffic
Local - regional markets - Answer- The backbone of General Aviation traffic
Joint-use military airport - Answer- Military owns the airport and leases space for civilian operations
Shared-use military airport - Answer- Entities each own their land and assets, but shares the runway and taxiway responsibilities
Title 14 CFR Part 119 - Answer- Identifies basic requirements when flying for hire
Title 14 CFR Part 125 Certification and Operations - Answer- Airplanes having a seating capacity of 20 or more passengers or max payload of 6,000 lbs or more (corporate shuttle for oil workers to a rig site)
Title 14 CFR Part 380 Public Charters - Answer- When an airlines leases a plane to a resort company like Apple Vacations to use the plane to fly their members, one way or round trip performed by carriers and sponsored by a charter operator
Activities that pilots or their flight dispatchers must complete "do the math" before take-off - Answer- 1) Check the Airport Facilities Directory/ Chart supplementals; 2) check the weather 3) calculate weight, balance and aircraft performance
Visual Flight Rules (VFR) - Answer- movement is done on a "see and avoid" basis; enough visibility to navigate ny looking out the window, use sectional charts; visual meteorological conditions -cloud ceiling is 1,000' or higher AND 3 miles of visibility; flight plan may not be required
Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) - Answer- Air traffic control provides separation, no VFR flights allowed, flight plan required, above 18,000' and when conditions are not good enough for VFR, Instrument Meteorological conditions less than 1,000' ceiling OR 3 miles visibility need TERPS (maps for instrument pilots)
Class A Airspace - Answer- 18'000 mean sea level beginning of Class A airspace to Flight level 600 (60,000 MSL) as the upper level of class A; Instrument Flight rules, flight plan required and air traffic control separation
3 types of runway approaches - Answer- Visual (1,000' or greater cloud ceiling AND visibility 3 miles or greater; Non-precision uses one or more navigational aids that provide lateral positioning information; Precision approach uses lateral and vertical positioning information
Airport Management philosophies - Answer- Public entity vs. a business enterprise and place for commerce
Airport Sponsor responsibility - Answer- Establishes policies, sets goals, identifies strategies, etc.
Airport Manager responsibility - Answer- Carries out work, implements policy, runs the day-to-day, reports to governing body, operates airport safely and securely
FAA structure - Answer- 9 regional offices, regulates aviation safety in the U.S. and its territories
FAA's major roles - Answer- Promote safety, Airport District Office (ADO) Airport Improvement Program Part 139 and Alternative Dispute Resolution Part 13 complaints, Flight Standards District Office (FSDO) ramp checks, developing civil aeronautics, air traffic control and navigation, Air Traffic Organization (ATO) and Navaids, developing National Airspace System, regulate commercial airspace
FAA Policy Guidance & Direction - Answer- Advisory Circulars are advisory in nature, explain intent, gives guidance, except when "incorporated by reference mandatory when attached to a grant; FAA Orders are directives to FAA personnel
Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) - Answer- Informational peer reviewed research on management practices
National Safe Skies Alliance Program for applied research (PARAS) - Answer- Academic research for security
Radio Technical Commission on Aeronautics - Answer- Standards for Access Control
TSA Security Directives and Information Circulars - Answer- SDs provide direction to change requirements, ICs provide best practices both contain SSI and are mandatory
What are Grant Assurances? - Answer- Promises the airport makes when it accepts federal funds, traced back to AP-4 agreements and the Surplus Property Act, most effective means fo rextending federal government policy, better manage local affairs, federal funds used for public air transportation, promote social objectives, good for 20 years or life of property/asset managed through Airport compliance manual FAA order 5190.6B
Requirements of a grant assurance - Answer- maintain the airport in good and serviceable condition, generate revenue, operate in the public interest, ensure against granting an exclusive right to any aeronautical tenant for aeronautical purpose or use, complaints on violations can be files in a Part 13 informal or Part 16 formal process.
Govermental immunity - Answer- Does not apply in instances of negligence, active gross negligence, claims arising out of contracts (Tucker Act) or constituted some other tort where the Federal Tort Claims Act applies
Common budgets in use at airport - Answer- 1) Line item, performance based, program based, zero-based
Airport financial statements - Answer- Statement of net assets or net position or balance sheet, statement of net activities or income statement, statement of cash flow
Airport Executive Financial Responsibilities - Answer- Accounting systems, stay informed, financial statements, manage cash flow
Permissable uses of airport revenue - Answer- Airport capital and operating costs, air travel related promotional expenses, reimbursements to sponsors for capital or operations costs, community activities that promote the airport, mass transit located on premisess, consts incurred by government for services, lobbying and attorneys fees to support the airport
Grant Assurance #26 Reports and Inspections - Answer- Sponsors required to report their budget, commercial service airports of 2,500+ enplanements must submit Form 5100-126 Financial Government Payment Report showing revenue paid to other government entities for services and Form 5100-127 Operating and Financial Summary to break down revenue by Aeronautical, Non-Aeronautical and Non-operating categories
Revenue Diversion examples - Answer- Using airport revenue for expenses that do not benefit the airport, marketing and promotion not related to the airport, payment to compensate municipalities for lost tax revenues, payment in lieu of taxes, loans or investments at less than prevailing market rates, use of land for free or nominal rents for aeronautical purposes, renting non-aeronautical use property at less than fair market value, direct subsidy of air carriers with certain exceptions
Types of Airport Revenue - Answer- Aeronautical, non-aeronautical, and non-operating [Show Less]