pharmacology correct answer: study of substances that interact with living organisms through chemical processes
medical pharmacology correct answer:
... [Show More] science of substances used to prevent, diagnose and treat disease
indication correct answer: reason or condition for which a particular medication is given
dose correct answer: amount of medication given within a specified period of time
single dose correct answer: amount of medication administered at one time
maximum dose correct answer: the largest amount of medication either as a single dose or within a period of time
cumulative dose correct answer: sum of all single doses over either a lifetime or a period of time
strength correct answer: amount of medication contained per tablet, capsule, suppository, etc
titration correct answer: administering a medication with variable strength, interval, and quantity to achieve and maintain a desired observable physiological effect (pain ctrl)
contraindication correct answer: medical reason not to give a medication
absolute contraindication correct answer: medical reason to NEVER give a medication
relative contraindication correct answer: medical reason a medication should not be given, but may be acceptable in certain circumstances
allergy correct answer: immune response in which there is a hypersensitivity response induced by exposure to a particular medication
side effect correct answer: unintended, but not surprising consequence of a medication which may require a medication dose be changed or discontinued
therapeutic effect correct answer: desired change in physiology for administering the medication
therapeutic level correct answer: blood level of a medication required to achieve the therapeutic effect
toxic level correct answer: blood level of a medication which will cause tissue damage
therapeutic range correct answer: variable blood levels of a medication between the therapeutic level and the toxic level
therapeutic window correct answer: range of acceptable DOSAGES of a medication needed to keep blood levels within the therapeutic range
peak correct answer: when medication is at its highest concentration
trough correct answer: lowest blood level of a medication between doses
half-life correct answer: time it takes for the body to eliminate half the dose of medication
steady state correct answer: relatively constant blood level of medication which is sustained after 5-6 half lives of a medication
tolerance correct answer: when the body has adapted to having a medication regularly and now requires a higher or more frequent doses to achieve the therapeutic effect
resistance correct answer: when infectious organisms adapt to antibiotics and it takes either higher doses of same medication or a change to a different medication to kill the organisms
metabolism correct answer: process of the body to break down and eliminate medications most metabolized by the liver or kidneys
dosing interval correct answer: recommended time period between doses of a medication
onset correct answer: time until a medication's therapeutic effect begins
duration of effect correct answer: time until the medication's therapeutic effect wears off
duration of therapy correct answer: length of time a course of medication is continued to ensure the desired effect is maintained
dosing parameters correct answer: the limitations, considerations, and instructions required regarding a medication; helps achieve the desired physiological response minimize side effects
Body weight, Comorbidities, Age correct answer: What are factors that affect dosing
Importance for patients to understand dosing parameters correct answer: -too little: not achieve therapeutic effects
-too much: increased side effects/toxic levels
Antibiotics correct answer: Medications which kill or inhibit the reproduction of bacteria
Gram Stain Testing correct answer: Categorizes bacteria classification based upon chemical properties in the cell's membrane.
Gram positive correct answer: Indicates the presence of peptidoglycan
Peptidoglycan correct answer: the substance that forms a tough, rigid structure of the bacterium cell wall
Gram Negative correct answer: the cell membrane outer structure consists of a cytoplasmic membrane surrounded by a thin layer of peptidoglycan.
Aerobic correct answer: bacteria that thrives only in an oxygen environment
Anaerobic correct answer: bacteria that grow we [Show Less]