WEEK 1
-Things to know about each of the major antibiotic drug classes
· Contraindications and high-risk patients
· Know examples of each of the
... [Show More] major antibiotic drug classes
· Monitoring needs
· Which ones require renal dosing adjustments and how much (i.e., 25%, 50%, etc.)
· Patient education
· Lifespan considerations including pregnancy
· Indications for use
Penicillins
caution with patients allergic reactions to penicillins, cephalosporins, or
carbapenems
Treats infection cause by sensitive bacteria
check culture to identify infecting organism
Can order skin test to assess allergy status
adjusted doses for patients with impaired renal fnx
NARROW SPECTRUM PENICILLINS: PENICILLIN SENSITIVE(PEN G &PEN
V)
- Mechanism of Action : “Bactericidal”- Weakens the cell wall, causing bacteria to take up
excessive amounts of water and rupture.
Occurs by two actions simultaneously: inhibiting transpeptidases and activating autolysins
which disrupts synthesis of the cell wall and promotes the active destruction resulting in
cell lysis and death.
-Examples: Penicillin G (Prototype Drug), Penicillin V, Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Dicloxacillin,
Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Piperacillin
Penicillin G-
-First Penicillin Available and often referred to plainly as Penicillin
-Bactericidal for gram negative and gram positive bacteria
-Should be taken with medications whereas Penicillin V is stable in stomach acids.
-Side Effects: Allergic reactions, pain at IM injection sites, prolonged (but reversible)
sensory and motor dysfunction if injected into peripheral nerves, and neurotoxicity
(seizures, confusion, hallucinations- if levels too high)
.
-Life Span Considerations:
*Infants- Used safely in infants with bacterial infections including syphilis, meningitis, &
group A streptococcus
*Children/Adolescents- Common drug used to treat bacterial infections in children.
*Pregnant- No well controlled studies but evidence suggests no 2nd or 3rd trimester fetal
risk.
*Breastfeeding- Amoxicillin is safe. Data is lacking about transmission of other PCNs from
mother to infant through breast milk.
*Older Adults- Doses should be adjusted in older adults with renal dysfunction...............................continued [Show Less]