Varieties of grass containing endophyte fungi are an example of: - correct answer Plant resistance.
Raking, thatch removal and aeration are examples
... [Show More] of: - correct answer Cultural controls.
Hand removal, traps, barriers and repellents are examples of: - correct answer Mechanical and physical controls.
Example of a turfgrass disease that can be managed with hand removal techniques: - correct answer Slime mold.
Turf cannot at the same time benefit from biological control methods and be pest free because: - correct answer There must be a low level of pest or prey insects for the predators to feed on.
Why is it important to use both short term suppression and long term maintenance tactics in pest management? - correct answer Usually offers a quick fix, but the pest population will rebuild. Maintenance must be used to reduce pest populations permanently.
How can you help maintain existing populations of beneficial organisms in a turf stand? - correct answer By making pesticide applications only when needed.
What is the most commonly used microbial insecticide? On what insect larvae is it effective? - correct answer Bacillus thuringiensis, or Bt, used to control caterpillars.
Are microbial insecticides best used for short or long term suppression of pest populations? - correct answer Long term. Microbial insecticides are slower acting and do not kill all of the pests at once, which allows there to be food for other beneficial organisms.
Ways to classify pesticides: - correct answer Types of pests
Pesticide chemistry
Mode of action
Pesticide formulation.
Benefits of systemic herbicides: - correct answer Superior in treating persistent perennial weeds, kills both above ground and below ground parts of plant.
Benefits of broad spectrum pesticides: - correct answer Can be used to control several pests, but more likely to be hazardous to non target organisms.
Benefits of residual pesticides: - correct answer Good for use when the goal is to reduce the number of applications required to control persistent pests.
Benefits of contact herbicides: - correct answer Does not kill the underground parts of plant.
Basic principles of managing pests in turfgrass: - correct answer Produce healthy plants that can reduce or better tolerate pest attack
Identify what is damaging the turf
Expect some pests and tolerate some damage
Using pesticides as a last resort.
Steps of IPM for turfgrass: - correct answer Detect pest
Identify pest
Determine the amount of damage and whether it is below or above the tolerance thresholds
Select and use a management tactic
Evaluate the effectiveness of the strategy and keep records.
Methods for monitoring and detecting turfgrass pests: - correct answer Visually
Coffee can flush
White paper test
Root sampling
Disclosing solution
Explain why keeping track of degree day accumulations is more useful for monitoring pest activity than going by calendar dates: - correct answer Insects, diseases and weeds develop based on heat units. The accumulation of heat units varies from year to year.
Explain how knowing the species or variety of turfgrass in a stand can help in pest diagnosis: - correct answer Certain diseases and insect pests will affect certain species of turfgrass and will not affect others.
Economic injury threshold: - correct answer The density of pests at which the cost to manage the pest is equal to the losses caused by that pest.
Action threshold: - correct answer The pest density at which action must be taken to prevent the pest from reaching the economic injury level. [Show Less]