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NR507 Final Exam (7 Versions, Latest-2022) / NR 507 Final Exam / NR507 Week 8 Final Exam: Advanced Pathophysiology: Chamberlain College of Nursing |100% Correct Q & A|
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NR507 Final Exam (Latest-2022, Version-1) / NR 507 Final Exam / NR507 Week 8 Final Exam: Advanced Pathophysiology: Chamberlain College of Nursing |100% Correct Q & A|
NR507 Final Exam (Latest-2022, Version-1) / NR 507 Final Exam / NR507 Week 8 Final Exam: Advanced Pathophysiology: Chamberlain College of Nursing |100% Co... [Show More] rrect Q & A| NR507 Week 8 Final Exam ( Version 1) / NR 507 Week 8 Final Exam (Newest): Advanced Pathophysiology: Chamberlain College of Nursing Chamberlain NR 507 Final Exam / Chamberlain NR507 Final Exam (Latest): Advanced Pathophysiology Question : 1 What term is used to describe a hernial protrusion of a saclike cyst that contains meninges, spinal fluid, and a portion of the spinal cord through a defect in a posterior arch of a vertebra? Student Answer: Encephalocele Meningocele Spina bifida occulta Myelomeningocele Instructor Explanation: Question 2. Question : What provides the best estimate of the functioning of renal tissue? Student Answer: Glomerular filtration rate Hourly urine output Serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine The specific gravity of the solute concentration of the urine Question 3. Question : Where are Langerhans cells found? Student Answer: Skin Intestinal lining Kidney Thyroid Question 4. Question : Where in the lung does gas exchange occur? Student Answer: Trachea Segmental bronchi Alveolocapillary membrane Main bronchus Question 5. Question : The tonic neck reflex observed in a newborn should no longer be obtainable by: Student Answer: 2 years 1 year 10 months 5 months Question 6. Question : When renin is released, it is capable of which action? Student Answer: Inactivation of autoregulation Direct activation of angiotensin II Direct release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Formation of angiotensin I Question 7. Question : The portion of the antigen that is configured for recognition and binding is referred to as what type of determinant? Student Answer: Immunotope Paratope Epitope Antigenitope Question 8. Question : Which sexually transmitted infection frequently coexists with gonorrhea? Student Answer: Syphilis Herpes simplex virus Chlamydia Chancroid Question 9. Question : How is the effectiveness of vitamin B12 therapy measured? Student Answer: Reticulocyte count Serum transferring Hemoglobin Serum vitamin B12 Question 10. Question : Carcinoma refers to abnormal cell proliferation originating from which tissue origin? Student Answer: Blood vessels Epithelial cells Connective tissue Glandular tissue Question 11. Question : Which type of microorganism reproduces on the skin? Student Answer: Viruses Bacteria and fungi Protozoa and Rickettsiae Mycoplasma Question 12. Question : An infant has a crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur located between the second and third intercostal spaces along the left sternal border. A wide fixed splitting of the second heart sound is also found. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect? Student Answer: Atrial septal defect (ASD) Ventricular septal defect (VSD) Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect Question 13. Question : An infant diagnosed with a small patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) would likely exhibit which symptom? Student Answer: Intermittent murmur Lack of symptoms Need for surgical repair Triad of congenital defects Question 14. Question : What is the function of erythrocytes? Student Answer: Tissue oxygenation Hemostasis Infection control Allergy response Question 15. Question : Which terms represent the correct nomenclature for benign and malignant tumors of adipose tissue, respectively? Student Answer: Liposarcoma, lipoma Lipoma, liposarcoma Adisarcoma, adipoma Adipoma, adisarcoma Question 16. Question : What is the chance with each pregnancy that a child born to two parents with the sickle trait will have sickle cell disease (SCD)? Student Answer: 20% 25% 33% 50% Question 17. Question : What pulmonary defense mechanism propels a mucous blanket that entraps particles moving toward the oropharynx? Student Answer: Nasal turbinates Alveolar macrophages Cilia Irritant receptors on the nares Question 18. Question : The concentration of the final urine is determined by antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which is secreted by which gland? Student Answer: Posterior pituitary Thyroid Parathyroid Anterior pituitary Question 19. Question : Why is the herpes virus inaccessible to antibodies after the initial infection? Student Answer: The virus does not circulate in the blood. It does not have antibody receptors. It resists agglutination. The virus is a soluble antigen. Question 20. Question : Which renal change is found in older adults? Student Answer: Sharp decline in glomerular filtration rate Sharp decline in renal blood flow Decrease in the number of nephrons Decrease in urine output Question 21. Question : Which immunoglobulin is present in blood, saliva, breast milk, and respiratory secretions? Student Answer: IgA IgE IgG IgM Question 22. Question : Which hormone prompts increased anxiety, vigilance, and arousal during a stress response? Student Answer: Norepinephrine Epinephrine Cortisol Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Question 23. Question : Which statement is true regarding maternal antibodies provided to the neonate? Student Answer: The antibodies enter into the fetal circulation by means of active transport. The antibodies are transferred to the fetus via the lymphatic system. The antibodies are directly related to the mother’s nutritional intake. The antibodies reach protective levels after approximately 6 months of age. Question 24. Question : The function of the tumor cell marker is to: Student Answer: Provide a definitive diagnosis of cancer. Treat certain types of cancer. Predict where cancers will develop. Screen individuals at high risk for cancer. Question 25. Question : Which statement is true concerning a fungal infection? Student Answer: Fungal infections occur only on skin, hair, and nails. Phagocytes and T lymphocytes control fungal infections. Fungal infections release endotoxins. Vaccines prevent fungal infections. Question 26. Question : Which change is a result of puberty and defends the vagina from infection? Student Answer: The pH stabilizes between 7 and 8. A thin squamous epithelial lining develops. Vaginal pH becomes more acidic. Estrogen levels are low. Question 27. Question : The number of persons living with a specific disease at a specific point in time is referred to by which term? Student Answer: Relativity Survivability Prevalence Incidence Question 28. Question : Which risk factor for hypertension is influenced by genetic factors and lifestyle? Student Answer: Sodium intake Physical inactivity Psychosocial stress Obesity Question 29. Question : Having ejected a mature ovum, the ovarian follicle develops into a(n): Student Answer: Atretic follicle Thecal follicle Corpus luteum Functional scar Question 30. Question : The failure of bones to ossify, resulting in soft bones and skeletal deformity, characterizes which disorder? Student Answer: Osteogenesis imperfecta Rickets Osteochondrosis Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease Question 31. Question : What is the term that denotes the duration of time or the intensity of pain that a person will endure before outwardly responding? Student Answer: Tolerance Perception Threshold Dominance Question 32. Question : Aldosterone directly increases the reabsorption of: Student Answer: Magnesium Calcium Sodium Water Question 33. Question : Atrial fibrillation, rheumatic heart disease, and valvular prosthetics are risk factors for which type of stroke? Student Answer: Hemorrhagic Thrombotic Embolic Lacunar Question 34. Question : Which clinical manifestations are associated with fibromyalgia? Student Answer: Hot, tender, and edematous muscle groups bilaterally Fasciculations of the upper and lower extremity muscles Exercise intolerance and painful muscle cramps Sensitivity at tender points and profound fatigue Question 35. Question : Prolonged high environmental temperatures that produce dehydration, decreased plasma volumes, hypotension, decreased cardiac output, and tachycardia cause which disorder of temperature regulation? Student Answer: Heat cramps Heat stroke Malignant hyperthermia Heat exhaustion Question 36. Question : What is the leading cause of infertility in women? Student Answer: Pelvic inflammatory disease Endometriosis Salpingitis Polycystic ovary syndrome Question 37. Question : Which substance is a water-soluble protein hormone? Student Answer: Thyroxine Aldosterone Follicle-stimulating hormone Insulin Question 38. Question : What is the target tissue for prolactin-releasing factor? Student Answer: Hypothalamus Anterior pituitary Mammary glands Posterior pituitary Question 39. Question : What is the cause of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH)? Student Answer: Diet high in saturated fats Increased production of cholesterol by the liver Reduction in the number of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors on cell surfaces Abnormal function of lipoprotein receptors circulating in the blood Question 40. Question : Regarding type 2 diabetes, obesity is considered to be what type of risk? Student Answer: Genetic Empirical Relative Modifiable Question 41. Question : Which four-step process correctly describes muscle contraction? Student Answer: Coupling, contraction, relaxation, excitation Contraction, relaxation, excitation, coupling Relaxation, excitation, coupling, contraction Excitation, coupling, contraction, relaxation Question 42. Question : Adoption studies have shown that the offspring of an alcoholic parent when raised by nonalcoholic parents have what amount of an increased risk of developing alcoholism? Student Answer: Twofold Threefold Fourfold Tenfold Question 43. Question : Which hormone stimulates gonads to produce both male and female hormones? Student Answer: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinizing hormone (LH) Estrogen Question 44. Question : A person with 47, XXY karyotype has the genetic disorder resulting in which syndrome? Student Answer: Turner Klinefelter Down Fragile X Question 45. Question : Which would be considered a positive symptom of schizophrenia? Student Answer: Blunted affect Auditory hallucinations Poverty of speech Lack of social interaction Question 46. Question : What term describes the loss of the comprehension or production of language? Student Answer: Agnosia Aphasia Akinesia Dysphasia Question 47. Question : Consanguinity refers to the mating of persons: Student Answer: Who are unrelated When one has an autosomal dominant disorder Having common family relations When one has a chromosomal abnormality Question 48. Question : The major sleep center is located in which section of the brain? Student Answer: Thalamus Brainstem Frontal lobe Hypothalamus Question 49. Question : Which type of ion directly controls the contraction of muscles? Student Answer: Sodium Potassium Calcium Magnesium Question 50. Question : Bacteria gain access to the female urinary tract by which means? Student Answer: Systemic blood that is filtered through the kidney Bacteria traveling from the lymph adjacent to the bladder and kidneys Bacteria ascending the urethra into the bladder Colonization of the bladder when urine is static Question 51. Question : A criterion for a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a period of excessive worrying that lasts for at least how many months? Student Answer: 3 6 9 12 Question 52. Question : What is the first indication of nephrotic syndrome in children? Student Answer: Periorbital edema Scrotal or labial edema Frothy urine Ascites Question 53. Question : An amniocentesis indicates a neural tube defect when an increase in which protein is evident? Student Answer: Chorionic Alpha fetoprotein Amniotic Embryonic Question 54. Question : What is the risk for the recurrence of autosomal dominant diseases? Student Answer: 10% 30% 50% 70% Question 55. Question : Which term is used to identify the temporary displacement of two bones causing the bone surfaces to partially lose contact? Student Answer: Dislocation Subluxation Malunion Nonunion Question 56. Question : The tear in a ligament is referred to as a: Student Answer: Fracture Strain Disunion Sprain Question 57. Question : Why is prolonged diarrhea more severe in children than it is in adults? Student Answer: Less water is absorbed from the colon in children. Fluid reserves are smaller in children. Children have a higher fluid volume intake. Children have diarrhea more often than adults. Question 58. Question : The BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations increase the risk of which cancer in women? Student Answer: Ovarian Lung Uterine Pancreatic Question 59. Question : Insulin transports which electrolyte in the cell? Student Answer: Potassium Calcium Sodium Phosphorus Question 60. Question : What term is used to identify an interlacing bundle of dense, white fibrous tissue that is richly supplied with nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels? Student Answer: Procallus Joint capsule Hematoma Elastin fibers Question 61. Question : Which of the following is a lipid-soluble hormone? Student Answer: Cortisol Oxytocin Epinephrine Growth hormone Question 62. Question : The mucosal secretions of the cervix secrete which immunoglobulin? Student Answer: IgA IgE IgG IgM Question 63. Question : The sudden apparent arousal in which a child expresses intense fear or another strong emotion while still in a sleep state characterizes which sleep disorder? Student Answer: Night terrors Insomnia Somnambulism Enuresis Question 64. Question : What is the basic structural unit in compact bone? Student Answer: Small channels called canaliculi Osteocytes within the lacunae Tiny spaces within the lacunae Haversian system Question 65. Question : Parkinson disease is a degenerative disorder of the brain’s: Student Answer: Hypothalamus Anterior pituitary Frontal lobe Basal ganglia Question 66. Question : Which pain theory proposes that a balance of impulses conducted from the spinal cord to the higher centers in the central nervous system (CNS) modulates the transmission of pain? Student Answer: GCT Pattern theory Specificity theory Neuromatrix theory Question 67. Question : Saliva contains which immunoglobulin (Ig)? Student Answer: IgA IgE IgG IgM Question 68. Question : What type of fracture occurs at a site of a preexisting bone abnormality and is a result of a force that would not normally cause a fracture? Student Answer: Idiopathic Incomplete Pathologic Greenstick Question 69. Question : An infant suddenly develops abdominal pain, becomes irritable (colicky), and draws up the knees. Vomiting occurs soon afterward. The mother reports that the infant passed a normal stool, followed by one that looked like currant jelly. Based on these data, which disorder does the nurse suspect? Student Answer: Congenital aganglionic megacolon Intussusception Malrotation Volvulus Question 70. Question : In 95% of children of delayed puberty, the problem is caused by: Student Answer: Disruption in the hypothalamus Disruption of the pituitary Deficit in estrogen or testosterone Physiologic hormonal delays Question 71. Question : Which characteristic is true of type II (white fast-motor) muscle fibers? Student Answer: Slow contraction speed Fast conduction velocities Profuse capillary supply Oxidative metabolism Question 72. Question : Neurofibrillary tangles characterize which neurologic disorder? Student Answer: Dementia syndrome Delirium Alzheimer disease Parkinson disease Question 73. Question : Which hormone triggers uterine contractions? Student Answer: Thyroxine Oxytocin Growth hormone Insulin Question 74. Question : How does the release (increase) of epinephrine raise body temperature? Student Answer: The release of epinephrine causes shivering. It affects muscle tone. It raises the metabolic rate. It increases and strengthens the heart rate. Question 75. Question : Which hormone is linked to an increase in appetite during puberty? Student Answer: Inhibin Leptin Activin Follistatin [Show Less]
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NR507 Week 8 Final Exam (Latest-2022, Version-2) / NR 507 Week 8 Final Exam / NR507 Final Exam: Advanced Pathophysiology: Chamberlain College of Nursing |100% Correct Q & A|
NR507 Week 8 Final Exam (Latest-2022, Version-2) / NR 507 Week 8 Final Exam / NR507 Final Exam: Advanced Pathophysiology: Chamberlain College of Nursing |1... [Show More] 00% Correct Q & A| NR507 Week 8 Final Exam / NR 507 Week 8 Final Exam (Latest): Advanced Pathophysiology: Chamberlain College of Nursing Chamberlain NR 507 Final Exam / Chamberlain NR507 Final Exam (Latest): Advanced Pathophysiology Question 1 Tissue damage caused by the deposition of circulating immune complexes containing an antibody against the host DNA is the cause of which disease? Hemolytic anemia Pernicious anemia Systemic lupus erythematosus Myasthenia gravis Question 2 How does chest wall compliance in an infant differ from that of an adult? An adult’s chest wall compliance is lower than an infant’s. An adult’s chest wall compliance is higher than an infant’s. An adult’s chest wall compliance is the same as an infant’s. An adult’s chest wall compliance is dissimilar to that of an infant’s. Question 3 What term is used to describe a hernial protrusion of a saclike cyst that contains meninges, spinal fluid, and a portion of the spinal cord through a defect in a posterior arch of a vertebra? Encephalocele Meningocele Spina bifida occulta Myelomeningocele Question 4 Continued therapy of pernicious anemia (PA) generally lasts how long? 6 to 8 weeks 8 to 12 months Until the iron level is normal The rest of one’s life Question 5 Cytokines are thought to cause fevers by stimulating the synthesis of which chemical mediator? Leukotriene Histamine Prostaglandin Bradykinin Question 6 The World Health Organization (WHO) defines grade 1 (overweight) as a BMI of: 18.5 to 24.9 25 to 29.9 30 to 39.9 40 to 50.9 IncorrectQuestion 7 When diagnosed with hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), why does the newborn develop hyperbilirubinemia after birth but not in utero? Excretion of unconjugated bilirubin through the placenta into the mother’s circulation is no longer possible. Hemoglobin does not break down into bilirubin in the intrauterine environment. The liver of the fetus is too immature to conjugate bilirubin from a lipid-soluble to water-soluble form. The destruction of erythrocytes producing bilirubin is greater after birth. Question 8 Which of the following describes how the body compensates for anemia? Increasing rate and depth of breathing Decreasing capillary vasoconstriction Hemoglobin holding more firmly onto oxygen Kidneys releasing more erythropoietin Question 9 An infant has a continuous machine-type murmur best heard at the left upper sternal border throughout systole and diastole, as well as a bounding pulse and a thrill on palpation. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect? Atrial septal defect (ASD) Ventricular septal defect (VSD) Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect Question 10 Research has shown a link between cancer and which sexually transmitted disease? Syphilis Gonorrhea Human papillomavirus Pelvic inflammatory disease Question 11 When renin is released, it is capable of which action? Inactivation of autoregulation Direct activation of angiotensin II Direct release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Formation of angiotensin I Question 12 What characteristic do atopic individuals have that make them genetically predisposed to develop allergies? Greater quantities of histamine More histamine receptors Greater quantities of IgE A deficiency in epinephrine Question 13 What is the primary cause of the symptoms of polycythemia vera? Decreased erythrocyte count Destruction of erythrocytes Increased blood viscosity Neurologic involvement Question 14 Pressure in the left ventricle must exceed pressure in which structure before the left ventricle can eject blood? Superior vena cava Aorta Inferior vena cava Pulmonary veins Question 15 Children with phenylketonuria (PKU) are unable to synthesize: Essential amino acid, phenylalanine, to tyrosine Renin, erythropoietin, and antidiuretic hormone Aldosterone, cortisol, and androgens Question 16 What is the chance with each pregnancy that a child born to two parents with the sickle trait will have sickle cell disease (SCD)? 20% 25% 33% 50% Question 17 Carcinoma refers to abnormal cell proliferation originating from which tissue origin? Blood vessels Epithelial cells Connective tissue Glandular tissue Question 18 Chvostek and Trousseau signs indicate which electrolyte imbalance? Hypokalemia Hyperkalemia Hypocalcemia Hypercalcemia Question 19 The ability of the pathogen to invade and multiply in the host is referred to as: Infectivity Toxigenicity Pathogenicity Virulence Question 20 An infant has a crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur located between the second and third intercostal spaces along the left sternal border. A wide fixed splitting of the second heart sound is also found. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect? Atrial septal defect (ASD) Ventricular septal defect (VSD) Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect Question 21 Which cancer originates from connective tissue? Osteogenic sarcoma Basal cell carcinoma Multiple myeloma Adenocarcinoma Question 22 Which substance is used to correct the chronic anemia associated with chronic renal failure? Iron Erythropoietin Cobalamin (vitamin B12) Folate Question 23 Which of the following are formed elements of the blood that are not cells but are disk-shaped cytoplasmic fragments essential for blood clotting? Monocytes Platelets Macrophages Erythrocytes Question 24 What is the term for a herniation or protrusion of brain and meninges through a defect in the skull? Encephalocele Meningocele Arachnoidocele Cephacephalocele Question 25 A hypersensitivity reaction that produces an allergic response is called: Hemolytic shock Anaphylaxis Necrotizing vasculitis Systemic erythematosus Question 26 Which characteristic is true of type II (white fast-motor) muscle fibers? Slow contraction speed Fast conduction velocities Profuse capillary supply Oxidative metabolism Question 27 What type of fracture occurs at a site of a preexisting bone abnormality and is a result of a force that would not normally cause a fracture? Idiopathic Incomplete Pathologic Greenstick Question 28 What part of the brain provides the emotional response to pain? Limbic system Parietal lobe Thalamus Hypothalamus Question 29 The portion of the pituitary that secretes oxytocin is: Posterior Inferior Anterior Superior Question 30 Which dyskinesia involves involuntary movements of the face, trunk, and extremities? Paroxysmal Tardive Hyperkinesia Cardive Question 31 Which term is also used to refer to paradoxic sleep? Non-REM Light REM Delta wave Question 32 Which clinical manifestations would be expected for a child who has complete trisomy of the twenty-first chromosome? Widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair An IQ of 25 to 70, low nasal bridge, protruding tongue, and flat, low-set ears High-pitched voice, tall stature, gynecomastia, and an IQ of 60 to 90 Circumoral cyanosis, edema of the feet, short stature, and mental slowness IncorrectQuestion 33 Where is oxytocin synthesized? Hypothalamus Paraventricular nuclei Anterior pituitary Posterior pituitary IncorrectQuestion 34 What is the most common opportunistic infection associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)? Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Kaposi sarcoma Toxoplasmosis Cytomegalovirus Question 35 Atrial fibrillation, rheumatic heart disease, and valvular prosthetics are risk factors for which type of stroke? Hemorrhagic Thrombotic Embolic Lacunar Question 36 How many days does it take for the entire epithelial population of the small intestines to be replaced? 30 to 45 15 to 25 7 to 15 4 to 7 Question 37 What term describes the loss of the comprehension or production of language? Agnosia Aphasia Akinesia Dysphasia Question 38 Open-angle glaucoma occurs because of: Decreased production of aqueous humor Increased production of vitreous humor Obstructed outflow of aqueous humor Excessive destruction of vitreous humor Question 39 What is the most common malignant bone tumor diagnosed during childhood? Chondrosarcoma Fibrosarcoma Ewing Sarcoma Osteosarcoma Question 40 What is the cause of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH)? Diet high in saturated fats Increased production of cholesterol by the liver Reduction in the number of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors on cell surfaces Abnormal function of lipoprotein receptors circulating in the blood Question 41 Which risk factor for hypertension is influenced by genetic factors and lifestyle? Sodium intake Physical inactivity Psychosocial stress Obesity Question 42 Which substance is a water-soluble protein hormone? Thyroxine Aldosterone Follicle-stimulating hormone Insulin Question 43 When does the male body begin to produce sperm? Before birth Shortly after birth At puberty When erection is possible Question 44 Saliva contains which immunoglobulin (Ig)? IgA IgE IgG IgM Question 45 Which serum laboratory test is elevated in all forms of osteogenesis imperfecta? Phosphorus Calcium Alkaline phosphatase Total protein Question 46 What causes the crystallization within the synovial fluid of the joint affected by gouty arthritis? Reduced excretion of purines Overproduction of uric acid Increase in the glycosaminoglycan levels Overproduction of proteoglycans Question 47 Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) may be accompanied by a positive throat or skin culture for which bacteria? Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus Pseudomonas aeruginosa Haemophilus Question 48 Considering the mediating factors of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), which medication may be used either continually or only during the menstrual period as a treatment for the condition? NSAIDs Estrogen SSRIs Progesterone Question 49 What is the second most commonly recognized genetic cause of mental retardation? Down syndrome Fragile X syndrome Klinefelter syndrome Turner syndrome Question 50 Insulin transports which electrolyte in the cell? Potassium Calcium Sodium Phosphorus Question 51 Which hormone stimulates gonads to produce both male and female hormones? Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinizing hormone (LH) Estrogen Question 52 The secretion of adrenocorticotropic-stimulating hormone (ACTH) will result in the increased level of which hormone? Thyroxine Insulin Cortisol. Antidiuretic hormone Question 53 Antipsychotic drugs block which neurotransmitter receptor? Norepinephrine Gamma-aminobutyric acid Serotonin Dopamine Question 54 In 95% of children of delayed puberty, the problem is caused by: Disruption in the hypothalamus Disruption of the pituitary Deficit in estrogen or testosterone Physiologic hormonal delays Question 55 Which clinical manifestations are associated with fibromyalgia? Hot, tender, and edematous muscle groups bilaterally Fasciculations of the upper and lower extremity muscles Exercise intolerance and painful muscle cramps Sensitivity at tender points and profound fatigue Question 56 What happens to the vagina’s lining at puberty? It becomes thinner. It becomes thicker. It assumes a neutral pH. It undergoes atrophy. Question 57 What is the first sign of puberty in girls? Breast enlargement Growth of pubic hair Menstruation Vaginal discharge Question 58 Which term is used to identify the temporary displacement of two bones causing the bone surfaces to partially lose contact? Dislocation Subluxation Malunion Nonunion Question 59 What is the basic structural unit in compact bone? Small channels called canaliculi Osteocytes within the lacunae Tiny spaces within the lacunae Haversian system Question 60 What anchors articular cartilage to the underlying bone? Sharpey fibers Collagen fibers Glycoproteins Elastin fibers Question 61 Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is released to stimulate thyroid hormone (TH) and is inhibited when plasma levels of TH are adequate. This is an example of: Positive feedback Negative feedback Neural regulation Physiologic regulation Question 62 Clinical manifestations that include irregular or heavy bleeding, the passage of large clots, and the depletion of iron stores support which diagnosis? Premenstrual syndrome Dysfunctional uterine bleeding Polycystic ovary syndrome Primary dysmenorrhea Question 63 The absence of which major hormone is a determinant of sexual differentiation (wolffian system) in utero? Estrogen Progesterone Growth hormone Testosterone Question 64 Obesity acts as an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus by: Reducing the amount of insulin the pancreas produces Increasing the resistance to insulin by cells Obstructing the outflow of insulin from the pancreas Stimulating the liver to increase glucose production Question 65 Which hormone is involved in the regulation of serum calcium levels? Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Thyroxine (T4) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Triiodothyronine (T3) Question 66 An insufficient dietary intake of which vitamin can lead to rickets in children? C B12 B6 D Question 67 What is the function of the mucus secreted by the Bartholin glands? Enhancement of the motility of sperm Lubrication of the urinary meatus and vestibule Maintenance of an acid-base balance to discourage proliferation of pathogenic bacteria Enhancement of the size of the penis during intercourse Question 68 Which hormone triggers uterine contractions? Thyroxine Oxytocin Growth hormone Insulin Question 69 Which bones are affected in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease? Heads of the femur Distal femurs Heads of the humerus Distal tibias Question 70 An individual’s genetic makeup is referred to as his or her: Phenotype Genotype Heterozygous locus Homozygous locus Question 71 What term is used to identify the calcium crystals that are associated with chronic gout? Stones Spurs Tophi Nodes Question 72 Which gastric cells secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor? Parietal Chief G H Question 73 A criterion for a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a period of excessive worrying that lasts for at least how many months? 3 6 9 12 Question 74 A major characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus is that there is: Partial insulin secretion An autoimmune cause factor Insulin resistance Obesity as a common risk factor Question 75 Dilation of the ipsilateral pupil, following uncal herniation, is the result of pressure on which cranial nerve (CN)? Optic (CN I) Abducens (CN VI) Oculomotor (CN III) Trochlear (CN IV) [Show Less]
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NR507 Final Exam (Latest-2022, Version-3) / NR 507 Final Exam / NR507 Week 8 Final Exam: Advanced Pathophysiology: Chamberlain College of Nursing |100% Correct Q & A|
NR507 Final Exam (Latest-2022, Version-3) / NR 507 Final Exam / NR507 Week 8 Final Exam: Advanced Pathophysiology: Chamberlain College of Nursing |100% Co... [Show More] rrect Q & A| NR507 Week 8 Final Exam / NR 507 Week 8 Final Exam (Latest): Advanced Pathophysiology: Chamberlain College of Nursing Chamberlain NR 507 Final Exam / Chamberlain NR507 Final Exam (Latest): Advanced Pathophysiology Question 1 What period follows depolarization of the myocardium and represents a period during which no new cardiac potential can be propagated? Refractory Threshold Sinoatrial (SA) Hyperpolarization Question 2 What is the suggested mean blood pressure for an 8- to 9-year-old child? 106/58 mm Hg 104/55 mm Hg 112/62 mm Hg 121/70 mm Hg Question 3 Which is an example of an endogenous antigen? Yeast Cancer cells Fungus Bacteria Question 4 An infant has a crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur located between the second and third intercostal spaces along the left sternal border. A wide fixed splitting of the second heart sound is also found. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect? Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) Ventricular septal defect (VSD) Atrial septal defect (ASD) Question 5 Chvostek and Trousseau signs indicate which electrolyte imbalance? Hypocalcemia Hypercalcemia Hyperkalemia Hypokalemia Question 6 How does chest wall compliance in an infant differ from that of an adult? An adult’s chest wall compliance is the same as an infant’s. An adult’s chest wall compliance is dissimilar to that of an infant’s. An adult’s chest wall compliance is lower than an infant’s. An adult’s chest wall compliance is higher than an infant’s. Question 7 What is the most commonly reported symptom of cancer treatment? Hair loss Nausea Weight loss Fatigue Question 8 At birth, which statement is true? Gas exchange shifts from the placenta to the lung. Systemic resistance and pulmonary resistance fall. Systemic resistance and pulmonary resistance rise. Systemic resistance falls and pulmonary resistance rises. Question 9 What is the treatment of choice for pernicious anemia (PA)? Vitamin B12 by injection Cyanocobalamin by oral intake Folate by oral intake Ferrous fumarate by Z-track injection Question 10 Which disease is an example of a rickettsial infection? Cholera Rocky Mountain spotted fever Sleeping sickness Candida Question 11 Which statement is true regarding maternal antibodies provided to the neonate? The antibodies enter into the fetal circulation by means of active transport. The antibodies are transferred to the fetus via the lymphatic system. The antibodies reach protective levels after approximately 6 months of age. The antibodies are directly related to the mother’s nutritional intake. Question 12 Which statement is true regarding pain and cancer? Pain is primarily a result of pressure caused by the tumor. Pain is generally associated with late-stage cancer. Pain indicates the metastasis of a cancer. Pain is usually the initial symptom of cancer. Question 13 During an infection, why do lymph nodes enlarge and become tender? The nodes fill with purulent exudate. B lymphocytes proliferate. The nodes are not properly functioning. The nodes are inflamed. Question 14 What is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide? Starvation Cardiovascular disease Infectious disease Traumatic injury Question 15 Which renal change is found in older adults? Sharp decline in glomerular filtration rate Decrease in urine output Sharp decline in renal blood flow Decrease in the number of nephrons Question 16 After sexual transmission of HIV, a person can be infected yet seronegative for how many months? 24 to 36 18 to 20 6 to 14 1 to 2 Question 17 Which organism is responsible for the development of syphilis? Neisseria syphilis Treponema pallidum Chlamydia trachomatis Haemophilusducreyi Question 18 The common hay fever allergy is expressed through a reaction that is mediated by which class of immunoglobulins? IgE IgG T cells IgM Question 19 Blood cells that differentiate into macrophages are known as: Neutrophils Basophils Eosinophils Monocytes Question 20 In which structure does B lymphocytes mature and undergo changes that commit them to becoming B cells? Spleen Regional lymph nodes Thymus gland Bone marrow Question 21 Hemophilia B is caused by a deficiency of which clotting factor? V IX X VIII Question 22 Which of the following causes condylomataacuminata or genital warts? Human papillomavirus (HPV) Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) Chlamydia Adenovirus Question 23 Exhaustion occurs if stress continues when which stage of the general adaptation syndrome is not successful? Alarm Adaptation Flight or fight Arousal Question 24 Which chamber of the heart endures the highest pressures? Left ventricle Left atrium Right ventricle Right atrium Question 25 Which glycoprotein protects against urolithiasis and is a ligand for lymphokines? Uromodulin Urodilatin Cystatin Nephrin Question 26 Having ejected a mature ovum, the ovarian follicle develops into a(n): Functional scar Thecal follicle Atretic follicle Corpus luteum Question 27 The most critical aspect in correctly diagnosing a seizure disorder and establishing its cause is: Health history Computed tomographic (CT) scan Skull x-ray studies Cerebrospinal fluid analysis Question 28 Which serum laboratory test is elevated in all forms of osteogenesis imperfecta? Alkaline phosphatase Calcium Total protein Phosphorus Question 29 How does the release (increase) of epinephrine raise body temperature? It increases and strengthens the heart rate. The release of epinephrine causes shivering. It raises the metabolic rate. It affects muscle tone. Question 30 Clinical manifestations that include irregular or heavy bleeding, the passage of large clots, and the depletion of iron stores support which diagnosis? Premenstrual syndrome Dysfunctional uterine bleeding Primary dysmenorrhea Polycystic ovary syndrome Question 31 What happens to the vagina’s lining at puberty? It becomes thinner. It becomes thicker. It assumes a neutral pH. It undergoes atrophy. Question 32 Why is prolonged diarrhea more severe in children than it is in adults? Children have diarrhea more often than adults. Less water is absorbed from the colon in children. Fluid reserves are smaller in children. Children have a higher fluid volume intake. Question 33 The two most important risk factors for type 2 diabetes are: Autoantibodies and human leukocyte antigen associations HLA associations and positive family history Autoantibodies and obesity Obesity and positive family history Question 34 What is the leading cause of infertility in women? Polycystic ovary syndrome Endometriosis Pelvic inflammatory disease Salpingitis Question 35 Adoption studies have shown that the offspring of an alcoholic parent when raised by nonalcoholic parents have what amount of an increased risk of developing alcoholism? Tenfold Fourfold Threefold Twofold Question 36 Which structure attaches skeletal muscle to bone? Ligament Tendon Bursa Mesentery Question 37 Which term is used to describe an intestinal obstruction caused by the invagination of the ileum into the cecum and part of the ascending colon by collapsing through the ileocecal valve? Volvulus Intussusception Congenital aganglionic megacolon Malrotation Question 38 The tear in a ligament is referred to as a: Disunion Fracture Sprain Strain Question 39 Which dyskinesia involves involuntary movements of the face, trunk, and extremities? Hyperkinesia Paroxysmal Tardive Cardive Question 40 Which of the following is a lipid-soluble hormone? Growth hormone Oxytocin Epinephrine Cortisol Question 41 It is true that myasthenia gravis: Is an acute autoimmune disease. Causes muscle weakness. May result in adrenergic crisis. Affects the nerve roots. Question 42 What effect does hyperphosphatemia have on other electrolytes? Increases serum magnesium. Decreases serum calcium. Increases serum calcium. Decreases serum magnesium. Question 43 An amniocentesis indicates a neural tube defect when an increase in which protein is evident? Embryonic Chorionic Alpha fetoprotein Amniotic Question 44 Which pancreatic enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of carbohydrates? Chymotrypsin Trypsin Amylase Lipase Question 45 What part of the brain provides the emotional response to pain? Hypothalamus Thalamus Limbic system Parietal lobe Question 46 Which type of ion directly controls the contraction of muscles? Calcium Magnesium Potassium Sodium Question 47 The secretion of adrenocorticotropic-stimulating hormone (ACTH) will result in the increased level of which hormone? Cortisol. Insulin Thyroxine Antidiuretic hormone Question 48 In 95% of children of delayed puberty, the problem is caused by: Disruption of the pituitary Physiologic hormonal delays Deficit in estrogen or testosterone Disruption in the hypothalamus Question 49 Bacteria gain access to the female urinary tract by which means? Systemic blood that is filtered through the kidney Bacteria ascending the urethra into the bladder Bacteria traveling from the lymph adjacent to the bladder and kidneys Colonization of the bladder when urine is static Question 50 Neurofibrillary tangles characterize which neurologic disorder? Dementia syndrome Delirium Alzheimer disease Parkinson disease Question 51 Which change is a result of puberty and defends the vagina from infection? Estrogen levels are low. The pH stabilizes between 7 and 8. Vaginal pH becomes more acidic. A thin squamous epithelial lining develops. Question 52 The data reporting that sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 in 600 American blacks is an example of which concept? Incidence Ratio Risk Prevalence Question 53 Which clinical manifestations would be expected for a child who has complete trisomy of the twenty-first chromosome? Widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair High-pitched voice, tall stature, gynecomastia, and an IQ of 60 to 90 Circumoral cyanosis, edema of the feet, short stature, and mental slowness Question 54 Which assessment finding characterizes Osgood-Schlatter disease? Tendinitis of the anterior patellar tendon Bursitis of the subscapular bursa in the glenohumeral joint Inflammation of the anterior cruciate ligament Lateral epicondylitis of the elbow Question 55 Dilation of the ipsilateral pupil, following uncal herniation, is the result of pressure on which cranial nerve (CN)? Abducens (CN VI) Trochlear (CN IV) Optic (CN I) Oculomotor (CN III) Question 56 What directly causes ovulation during the menstrual cycle? Gradual decrease in estrogen levels Gradual increase in estrogen levels Sudden increase of LH Sharp rise in progesterone levels Question 57 Which clinical manifestations are associated with fibromyalgia? Sensitivity at tender points and profound fatigue Hot, tender, and edematous muscle groups bilaterally Fasciculations of the upper and lower extremity muscles Exercise intolerance and painful muscle cramps Question 58 Which would be considered a positive symptom of schizophrenia? Lack of social interaction Blunted affect Auditory hallucinations Poverty of speech Question 59 What anchors articular cartilage to the underlying bone? Collagen fibers Elastin fibers Sharpey fibers Glycoproteins Question 60 At 2 or 3 weeks of age, an infant who has been well fed and has gained weight begins to vomit for no apparent reason. The vomiting gradually becomes more forceful. These symptoms may be indicative of which disorder? Pyloric stenosis Galactosemia Congenital aganglionic megacolon Esophageal atresia Question 61 Pinkeye is characterized by inflammation of which structure? Sebaceous glands Eyelids Meibomian glands Conjunctiva Question 62 The common property among the three types of medications used to treat depression is that they: Decrease neurotransmitter levels in the postsynapse. Increase neurotransmitter levels within the synapse. Decrease neurotransmitter levels within the synapse. Increase neurotransmitter levels in the presynapse. Question 63 What term is used to identify the calcium crystals that are associated with chronic gout? Spurs Stones Nodes Tophi Question 64 The presence of a zygote having one chromosome with the normal complement of genes and one with a missing gene is characteristic of which genetic disorder? Cri du chat Down syndrome Klinefelter syndrome Turner syndrome Question 65 Regarding type 2 diabetes, obesity is considered to be what type of risk? Relative Modifiable Empirical Genetic Question 66 Which hormone stimulates gonads to produce both male and female hormones? Estrogen Luteinizing hormone (LH) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) Question 67 Which condition poses the highest risk for a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)? Smoking Hypertension Polycythemia Insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus Question 68 When insulin binds its receptors on muscle cells, an increase in glucose uptake by the muscle cells is the result. This is an example of what type of effect by a hormone? Synergistic Direct Permissive Pharmacologic Question 69 Which four-step process correctly describes muscle contraction? Excitation, coupling, contraction, relaxation Coupling, contraction, relaxation, excitation Relaxation, excitation, coupling, contraction Contraction, relaxation, excitation, coupling Question 70 Alterations in which part of the brain are linked to hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorders associated with schizophrenia? Hypothalamus Limbic system Temporal lobe Parietal lobe . Question 71 Which person is at the greatest risk for developing delirium? A depressed Hispanic woman A man diagnosed with schizophrenia An individual with diabetes celebrating a 70th birthday An individual on the second day after hip replacement Question 72 Aldosterone directly increases the reabsorption of: Calcium Water Sodium Magnesium Question 73 What term is used to identify the condition that exists when the urethral meatus is located on the undersurface of the penis? Hyperspadias Hypospadias Chordee Epispadias Question 74 Considering the mediating factors of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), which medication may be used either continually or only during the menstrual period as a treatment for the condition? SSRIs Estrogen NSAIDs Progesterone Question 75 A criterion for a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a period of excessive worrying that lasts for at least how many months? 12 3 9 6 [Show Less]
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NR507 Week 8 Final Exam (Latest-2022, Version-4) / NR 507 Week 8 Final Exam / NR507 Final Exam: Advanced Pathophysiology: Chamberlain College of Nursing |100% Correct Q & A|
NR507 Week 8 Final Exam (Latest-2022, Version-4) / NR 507 Week 8 Final Exam / NR507 Final Exam: Advanced Pathophysiology: Chamberlain College of Nursing |1... [Show More] 00% Correct Q & A| NR507 Week 8 Final Exam / NR 507 Week 8 Final Exam (Latest): Advanced Pathophysiology: Chamberlain College of Nursing Chamberlain NR 507 Final Exam / Chamberlain NR507 Final Exam (Latest): Advanced Pathophysiology Question 1 What is the major virus involved in the development of cervical cancer? a) Herpes simplex virus type 6 b) Herpes simplex virus type 2 c) Human papillomavirus d) Human immunodeficiency virus Question 2 Which statement accurately describes childhood asthma? a) An obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation b) A pulmonary disease characterized by severe hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance, and diffuse densities on chest x-ray imaging c) A pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein, producing viscous mucus that lines the airways, pancreas, sweat ducts, and vas deferens d) An obstructive airway disease characterized by atelectasis and increased pulmonary resistance as a result of a surfactant deficiency Question 3 The ability of the pathogen to invade and multiply in the host is referred to as: a) Infectivity b) Toxigenicity c) Pathogenicity d) Virulence Question 4 Obesity creates a greater risk for dehydration in people because: a) Adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling. b) The metabolic rate of obese adults is slower than the rate of lean adults. c) The rate of urine output of obese adults is higher than the rate of output of lean adults. d) The thirst receptors of the hypothalamus do not function effectively. Question 5 Continued therapy of pernicious anemia (PA) generally lasts how long? a) 6 to 8 weeks b) 8 to 12 months c) Until the iron level is normal d) The rest of one’s life Question 6 Which statement best describes cystic fibrosis? a) Obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation b) Respiratory disease characterized by severe hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance, and diffuse densities on chest x-ray imaging c) Pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein-producing viscous mucus that obstructs the airways, pancreas, sweat ducts, and vas deferens d) Pulmonary disorder characterized by atelectasis and increased pulmonary resistance as a result of a surfactant deficiency Question 7 What pulmonary defense mechanism propels a mucous blanket that entraps particles moving toward the oropharynx? a) Nasal turbinates b) Alveolar macrophages c) Cilia d) Irritant receptors on the nares Question 8 As stated in the Frank-Starling law, a direct relationship exists between the _____ of the blood in the heart at the end of diastole and the _____ of contraction during the next systole. a) Pressure; force Volume; b) strength Viscosity; c) force Viscosity; strength Question 9 The tonic neck reflex observed in a newborn should no longer be obtainable by: a) 2 years b) 1 year c) 10 months d) 5 months Question 10 Carcinoma refers to abnormal cell proliferation originating from which tissue origin? a) Blood vessels b) Epithelial cells c) Connective tissue d) Glandular tissue Question 11 Which of the following describes how the body compensates for anemia? a) Increasing rate and depth of breathing b) Decreasing capillary vasoconstriction c) Hemoglobin holding more firmly onto oxygen d) Kidneys releasing more erythropoietin Question 12 What term is used to describe a hernial protrusion of a saclike cyst that contains meninges, spinal fluid, and a portion of the spinal cord through a defect in a posterior arch of a vertebra? a) Encephalocele b) Meningocele c) Spina bifida occulta d) Myelomeningocele Question 13 Chvostek and Trousseau signs indicate which electrolyte imbalance? a) Hypokalemia b) Hyperkalemia c) Hypocalcemia d) Hypercalcemia Question 14 After sexual transmission of HIV, a person can be infected yet seronegative for how many months? a) 1 to 2 b) 6 to 14 c) 18 to 20 d) 24 to 36 Question 15 Which hormone prompts increased anxiety, vigilance, and arousal during a stress response? a) Norepinephrine b) Epinephrine c) Cortisol d) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Question 16 Which blood cells are the chief phagocytes involved in the early inflammation process? a) Neutrophils b) Monocytes c) Eosinophils d) Erythrocytes Question 17 Where are alveolar macrophages found? a) Skin b) Breasts c) Gastrointestinal tract d) Lungs Question 18 Which normal physiologic change occurs in the aging pulmonary system? a) Decreased flow resistance b) Fewer alveoli c) Stiffening of the chest wall d) Improved elastic recoil Question 19 An infant diagnosed with a small patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) would likely exhibit which symptom? a) Intermittent murmur b) Lack of symptoms c) Need for surgical repair d) Triad of congenital defects Question 20 Hemophilia B is caused by a deficiency of which clotting factor? a) V b) VIII c) IX d) X Question 21 A hypersensitivity reaction that produces an allergic response is called: a) Hemolytic shock b) Anaphylaxis c) Necrotizing vasculitis d) Systemic erythematosus Question 22 Which statement is true regarding pain and cancer? a) Pain is primarily a result of pressure caused by the tumor. b) Pain indicates the metastasis of a cancer. c) Pain is usually the initial symptom of cancer. d) Pain is generally associated with late-stage cancer. Question 23 What is the anomaly in which the soft bony component of the skull and much of the brain is missing? a) Anencephaly b) Myelodysplasia c) Cranial meningocele d) Hydrocephaly Question 24 At birth, which statement is true? a) Systemic resistance and pulmonary resistance fall. b) Gas exchange shifts from the placenta to the lung. c) Systemic resistance falls and pulmonary resistance rises. d) Systemic resistance and pulmonary resistance rise. Question 25 What is the most commonly reported symptom of cancer treatment? a) Nausea b) Fatigue c) Hair loss d) Weight loss Question 26 The common property among the three types of medications used to treat depression is that they: a) Increase neurotransmitter levels within the synapse. b) Increase neurotransmitter levels in the presynapse. c) Decrease neurotransmitter levels in the postsynapse. d) Decrease neurotransmitter levels within the synapse. Question 27 Prolonged high environmental temperatures that produce dehydration, decreased plasma volumes, hypotension, decreased cardiac output, and tachycardia cause which disorder of temperature regulation? a) Heat cramps b) Heat stroke c) Malignant hyperthermia d) Heat exhaustion Question 28 Congenital aganglionic megacolon (Hirschsprung disease) involves inadequate motility of the colon caused by neural malformation of which nervous system? a) Central b) Parasympathetic c) Sympathetic d) Somatic Question 29 What type of fracture occurs at a site of a preexisting bone abnormality and is a result of a force that would not normally cause a fracture? a) Idiopathic b) Incomplete c) Pathologic d) Greenstick Question 30 What is the leading cause of infertility in women? a) Pelvic inflammatory disease b) Endometriosis c) Salpingitis d) Polycystic ovary syndrome Question 31 Alterations in which part of the brain are linked to hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorders associated with schizophrenia? a) Parietal lobe b) Limbic system c) Temporal lobe d) Hypothalamus . Question 32 What is the function of the mucus secreted by the Bartholin glands? a) Enhancement of the motility of sperm b) Lubrication of the urinary meatus and vestibule c) Maintenance of an acid-base balance to discourage proliferation of pathogenic bacteria d) Enhancement of the size of the penis during intercourse Question 33 People with gout are at high risk for which co-morbid condition? a) Renal calculi b) Joint trauma c) Anemia d) Hearing loss Question 34 The tear in a ligament is referred to as a: a) Fracture b) Strain c) Disunion d) Sprain Question 35 Regarding type 2 diabetes, obesity is considered to be what type of risk? a) Genetic b) Empirical c) Relative d) Modifiable Question 36 Adoption studies have shown that the offspring of an alcoholic parent when raised by nonalcoholic parents have what amount of an increased risk of developing alcoholism? a) Twofold b) Threefold c) Fourfold d) Tenfold Question 37 What causes the crystallization within the synovial fluid of the joint affected by gouty arthritis? a) Reduced excretion of purines b) Overproduction of uric acid c) Increase in the glycosaminoglycan levels d) Overproduction of proteoglycans Question 38 It is true that Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS): a) Is preceded by a viral illness. b) Involves a deficit in acetylcholine. c) Results in asymmetric paralysis. d) Is an outcome of HIV. Question 39 The failure of bones to ossify, resulting in soft bones and skeletal deformity, characterizes which disorder? a) Osteogenesis imperfecta b) Rickets c) Osteochondrosis d) Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease Question 40 Which dietary lifestyle choice has been associated with a decreased risk for developing colon cancer? a) Increased consumption of dairy produces b) Increased consumption of foods containing vitamin C c) Decreased consumption of foods high in fat d) Decreased consumption of artificial food coloring Question 41 The sudden apparent arousal in which a child expresses intense fear or another strong emotion while still in a sleep state characterizes which sleep disorder? a) Night terrors b) Insomnia c) Somnambulism d) Enuresis Question 42 Which virus is a precursor for developing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer? a) Human papillomavirus (HPV) b) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) c) Herpes simplex II virus (HSV) d) Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Question 43 What anchors articular cartilage to the underlying bone? a) Sharpey fibers b) Collagen fibers c) Glycoproteins d) Elastin fibers Question 44 2/ 2 pts Which gastric cells secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor? a) Parietal b) Chief c) G d) H Question 45 Which water-soluble vitamin is absorbed by passive diffusion? a) Vitamin B6 b) Vitamin B1 c) Vitamin K d) Folic acid Question 46 What is the first sign of puberty in girls? a) Breast enlargement b) Growth of pubic hair c) Menstruation d) Vaginal discharge Question 47 Pinkeye is characterized by inflammation of which structure? a) Eyelids b) Sebaceous glands c) Meibomian glands d) Conjunctiva Question 48 What syndrome, characterized by an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome, exhibits features that include a short stature, widely spaced nipples, and webbed neck? a) Down b) Cri du chat c) Turner d) Klinefelter Question 49 A criterion for a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a period of excessive worrying that lasts for at least how many months? a) 3 b) 6 c) 9 d) 12 Question 50 Obesity acts as an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus by: a) Reducing the amount of insulin the pancreas produces b) Increasing the resistance to insulin by cells c) Obstructing the outflow of insulin from the pancreas d) Stimulating the liver to increase glucose production Question 51 Which clinical manifestations would be expected for a child who has complete trisomy of the twenty-first chromosome? a) Widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair b) An IQ of 25 to 70, low nasal bridge, protruding tongue, and flat, low-set ears c) High-pitched voice, tall stature, gynecomastia, and an IQ of 60 to 90 d) Circumoral cyanosis, edema of the feet, short stature, and mental slowness Question 52 Where is the usual site of cervical dysplasia or cancer in situ? a) Squamous epithelium of the cervix meets the cuboidal epithelium of the vagina. b) Columnar epithelium of the cervix meets the squamous epithelium of the uterus. c) Squamous epithelium of the cervix meets the columnar epithelium of the uterus. d) Columnar epithelium of the cervix meets the squamous epithelium of the vagina. Question 53 How can glaucoma cause blindness? a) Infection of the cornea b) Pressure on the optic nerve c) Opacity of the lens d) Obstruction of the venous return from the retina Question 54 Parkinson disease is a degenerative disorder of the brain’s: a) Hypothalamus b) Anterior pituitary c) Frontal lobe d) Basal ganglia Question 55 Which pain theory proposes that a balance of impulses conducted from the spinal cord to the higher centers in the central nervous system (CNS) modulates the transmission of pain? a) GCT Pattern theory b) Specificity theory c) Neuromatrix theory Question 56 Where is oxytocin synthesized? a) Hypothalamus b) Paraventricular nuclei c) Anterior pituitary d) Posterior pituitary Question 57 An insufficient dietary intake of which vitamin can lead to rickets in children? a) C b) B12 c) B6 d) D Question 58 What term is used to identify the condition that exists when the urethral meatus is located on the undersurface of the penis? a) Hypospadias b) Epispadias c) Hyperspadias d) Chordee Question 59 The most critical aspect in ly diagnosing a seizure disorder and establishing its cause is: a) Computed tomographic (CT) scan b) Cerebrospinal fluid analysis c) Skull x-ray studies d) Health history Question 60 Transcription is best defined as a process by which: a) DNA polymerase binds to the promoter site on ribonucleic acid (RNA). b) RNA directs the synthesis of polypeptides for protein synthesis. c) RNA is synthesized from a DNA template. d) A base pair substitution results in a mutation of the amino acid sequence. Question 61 Which person is at the greatest risk for developing delirium? a) An individual with diabetes celebrating a 70th birthday b) A depressed Hispanic woman c) An individual on the second day after hip replacement d) A man diagnosed with schizophrenia Question 62 Which hormone is linked to an increase in appetite during puberty? a) Inhibin b) Leptin c) Activin d) Follistatin Question 63 Which type of diarrhea results from lactose intolerance? a) Secretory b) Motility c) Osmotic d) Small volume Question 64 An amniocentesis is recommended for pregnant women who: a) Have a history of chronic illness b) Have a family history of genetic disorders c) Have experienced in vitro fertilization d) Had a late menarche Question 65 Which characteristic is true of type II (white fast-motor) muscle fibers? a) Slow contraction speed b) Fast conduction velocities c) Profuse capillary supply d) Oxidative metabolism Question 66 The mucosal secretions of the cervix secrete which immunoglobulin? a) IgA b) IgE c) IgG d) IgM Question 67 Dilation of the ipsilateral pupil, following uncal herniation, is the result of pressure on which cranial nerve (CN)? a) Optic (CN I) b) Abducens (CN VI) c) Oculomotor (CN III) d) Trochlear (CN IV) Question 68 Which of the following is a lipid-soluble hormone? a) Cortisol b) Oxytocin c) Epinephrine d) Growth hormone Question 69 What is the first indication of nephrotic syndrome in children? a) Periorbital edema b) Scrotal or labial edema c) Frothy urine d) Ascites Question 70 The BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations increase the risk of which cancer in women? a) Ovarian b) Lung c) Uterine d) Pancreatic Question 71 The data reporting that sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 in 600 American blacks is an example of which concept? a) Incidence b) Prevalence c) Ratio d) Risk Question 72 When a woman’s uterus is assessed as protruding through the entrance of the vagina to the hymen, which grade of prolapse does this indicate? a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3 Question 73 What is the term that denotes the duration of time or the intensity of pain that a person will endure before outwardly responding? a) Tolerance b) Perception c) Threshold d) Dominance Question 74 Clinical manifestations that include irregular or heavy bleeding, the passage of large clots, and the depletion of iron stores support which diagnosis? a) Premenstrual syndrome b) Dysfunctional uterine bleeding c) Polycystic ovary syndrome d) Primary dysmenorrhea Question 75 What term describes the loss of the comprehension or production of language? a) Agnosia b) Aphasia c) Akinesia d) Dysphasia Question 76. : The common hay fever allergy is expressed through a reaction that is mediated by which class of immunoglobulins? a) IgE b) IgG c) IgM d) T cells Question 77 : What is the treatment of choice for pernicious anemia (PA)? a) Cyanocobalamin by oral intake b) Vitamin B12 by injection c) Ferrous fumarate by Z-track injection d) Folate by oral intake Question 78. : Which sexually transmitted infection frequently coexists with gonorrhea? a) Syphilis b) Herpes simplex virus c) Chlamydia d) Chancroid Question 79. : During an infection, why do lymph nodes enlarge and become tender? a) B lymphocytes proliferate. b) The nodes are inflamed. c) The nodes fill with purulent exudate. d) The nodes are not properly functioning. Question 80. : What is the suggested mean blood pressure for an 8- to 9-year-old child? a) 104/55 mm Hg b) 106/58 mm Hg c) 112/62 mm Hg d) 121/70 mm Hg Question 81. : Stress-induced sympathetic stimulation of the adrenal medulla causes the secretion of: a) Epinephrine and aldosterone b) Norepinephrine and cortisol c) Epinephrine and norepinephrine d) Acetylcholine and cortisol Question 82. : What is the function of erythrocytes? a) Tissue oxygenation b) Hemostasis c) Infection control d) Allergy response Question 83. Where are Kupffer cells located? a) Kidneys b) Liver c) Pancreas d) Spleen Question 84. Tissue damage caused by the deposition of circulating immune complexes containing an antibody against the host DNA is the cause of which disease? a) Hemolytic anemia b) Pernicious anemia c) Systemic lupus erythematosus d) Myasthenia gravis Question 85. Where are Langerhans cells found? a) Skin b) Intestinal lining c) Kidney d) Thyroid Question 86. What is the primary cause of the symptoms of polycythemia vera? a) Decreased erythrocyte count b) Destruction of erythrocytes c) Increased blood viscosity d) Neurologic involvement Question 87. How is the effectiveness of vitamin B12 therapy measured? a) Reticulocyte count b) Serum transferring c) Hemoglobin d) Serum vitamin B12 Question 88. Which is an example of an endogenous antigen? a) Yeast b) Cancer cells c) Bacteria d) Fungus Question 89. Which immunoglobulin is present in blood, saliva, breast milk, and respiratory secretions? a) IgA b) IgE c) IgG d) IgM Question 90. Which renal change is found in older adults? a) Sharp decline in glomerular filtration rate b) Sharp decline in renal blood flow c) Decrease in the number of nephrons d) Decrease in urine output Question 91. What period follows depolarization of the myocardium and represents a period during which no new cardiac potential can be propagated? a) Refractory b) Hyperpolarization c) Threshold d) Sinoatrial (SA) Question 92. What is the most common predisposing factor to obstructive sleep apnea in children? a) Chronic respiratory infections b) Adenotonsillar hypertrophy c) Obligatory mouth breathing d) Paradoxic breathing Question 93. Kidney stones in the upper part of the ureter would produce pain referred to which anatomical area? a) Vulva or penis b) Umbilicus c) Thighs d) Lower abdomen Question 94. What characteristic do atopic individuals have that make them genetically predisposed to develop allergies? a) Greater quantities of histamine b) More histamine receptors c) Greater quantities of IgE d) A deficiency in epinephrine Question 95. Pressure in the left ventricle must exceed pressure in which structure before the left ventricle can eject blood? a) Superior vena cava b) Aorta c) Inferior vena cava d) Pulmonary veins Question 96. How does chest wall compliance in an infant differ from that of an adult? a) An adult’s chest wall compliance is lower than an infant’s. b) An adult’s chest wall compliance is higher than an infant’s. c) An adult’s chest wall compliance is the same as an infant’s. d) An adult’s chest wall compliance is dissimilar to that of an infant’s. Question 97. Oxygenated blood flows through which vessel? a) Superior vena cava b) Pulmonary veins c) Pulmonary artery d) Coronary veins Question 98. What type of immunity is produced when an immunoglobulin crosses the placenta? a) Passive-acquired immunity b) Active-acquired immunity c) Passive-innate immunity d) Active-innate immunity Question 99. The concentration of the final urine is determined by antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which is secreted by which gland? a) Posterior pituitary b) Thyroid c) Parathyroid d) Anterior pituitary Question 100. Exhaustion occurs if stress continues when which stage of the general adaptation syndrome is not successful? a) Flight or fight b) Alarm c) Adaptation d) Arousal Question 101. When the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus, what reaction occurs? a) T-cell immunity b) Alloimmunity c) Fetal immunity d) Autoimmunity Question 102. What is the basic structural unit in compact bone? a) Small channels called canaliculi b) Osteocytes within the lacunae c) Tiny spaces within the lacunae d) Haversian system Question 103. Which type of fracture usually occurs in an individual who engages in a new activity that is strenuous and repetitive? a) Stress b) Greenstick c) Insufficiency d) Pathologic Question 104. Antipsychotic drugs block which neurotransmitter receptor? a) Norepinephrine b) Gamma-aminobutyric acid c) Serotonin d) Dopamine Question 105. Which risk factor for hypertension is influenced by genetic factors and lifestyle? a) Sodium intake b) Physical inactivity c) Psychosocial stress d) Obesity Question 106. When insulin binds its receptors on muscle cells, an increase in glucose uptake by the muscle cells is the result. This is an example of what type of effect by a hormone? a) Pharmacologic b) Permissive c) Synergistic d) Direct Question 107. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is released to stimulate thyroid hormone (TH) and is inhibited when plasma levels of TH are adequate. This is an example of: a) Positive feedback b) Negative feedback c) Neural regulation d) Physiologic regulation Question 108. At 2 or 3 weeks of age, an infant who has been well fed and has gained weight begins to vomit for no apparent reason. The vomiting gradually becomes more forceful. These symptoms may be indicative of which disorder? a) Esophageal atresia b) Congenital aganglionic megacolon c) Pyloric stenosis d) Galactosemia Question 109. Neurofibrillary tangles characterize which neurologic disorder? a) Dementia syndrome b) Delirium c) Alzheimer disease d) Parkinson disease Question 110. What is the target tissue for prolactin-releasing factor? a) Hypothalamus b) Anterior pituitary c) Mammary glands d) Posterior pituitary Question 111. A child with which genetic disorder has a characteristic cry? a) Down syndrome b) Klinefelter syndrome c) Turner syndrome d) Cri du chat Question 112. : Which hormone is involved in the regulation of serum calcium levels? a) Parathyroid hormone (PTH) b) Thyroxine (T4) c) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) d) Triiodothyronine (T3) Question 113. : The secretion of adrenocorticotropic-stimulating hormone (ACTH) will result in the increased level of which hormone? a) Thyroxine b) Insulin c) Cortisol. d) Antidiuretic hormone Question 114. : The major sleep center is located in which section of the brain? a) Thalamus b) Brainstem c) Frontal lobe d) Hypothalamus Question 115. : What is the second most commonly recognized genetic cause of mental retardation? a) Down syndrome b) Fragile X syndrome c) Klinefelter syndrome d) Turner syndrome Question 116. : A person with 47, XXY karyotype has the genetic disorder resulting in which syndrome? a) Turner b) Klinefelter c) Down d) Fragile X Question 117. : What effect does hyperphosphatemia have on other electrolytes? a) Increases serum calcium. b) Decreases serum calcium. c) Decreases serum magnesium. d) Increases serum magnesium. Question 118. : What term is used to identify an interlacing bundle of dense, white fibrous tissue that is richly supplied with nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels? a) Procallus b) Joint capsule c) Hematoma d) Elastin fibers Question 119. Open-angle glaucoma occurs because of: a) Decreased production of aqueous humor b) Increased production of vitreous humor c) Obstructed outflow of aqueous humor d) Excessive destruction of vitreous humor Question 120 Loud snoring, a decrease in oxygen saturation, fragmented sleep, chronic daytime sleepiness, and fatigue are clinical manifestations of which sleep disorder? a) Obstructive sleep apnea b) Upper airway resistance syndrome c) Somnambulism d) narcolepsy Questions 121 What is the most common opportunistic infection associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)? a) Non-Hodgkin lymphoma b) Kaposi sarcoma c) Toxoplasmosis d) Cytomegalovirus [Show Less]
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NR507 Final Exam (Latest-2022, Version-5) / NR 507 Final Exam / NR507 Week 8 Final Exam: Advanced Pathophysiology: Chamberlain College of Nursing |100% Correct Q & A|
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NR507 Week 8 Final Exam (Latest-2022, Version-6) / NR 507 Week 8 Final Exam / NR507 Final Exam: Advanced Pathophysiology: Chamberlain College of Nursing |100% Correct Q & A|
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NR507 Final Exam (Latest-2022, Version-7) / NR 507 Final Exam / NR507 Week 8 Final Exam: Advanced Pathophysiology: Chamberlain College of Nursing |100% Correct Q & A|
NR507 Final Exam (Latest-2022, Version-7) / NR 507 Final Exam / NR507 Week 8 Final Exam: Advanced Pathophysiology: Chamberlain College of Nursing |100% Co... [Show More] rrect Q & A| [Show Less]
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