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COMPLETE FULL COURSE STRAIGHTERLINE PSY 101 - INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY GRADED EXAMS 1, 2, 3 , 4 & MIDTERM MARCH 2022
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STRAIGHTERLINE INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY PSY 101 GRADED EXAM I - MARCH 2022
Page path • PSY101_MH_V4 • Topic 4: Sensation and Perception Started on Monday, March 7, 2022, 6:33 PM State Finished Completed on Monday, March 7... [Show More] , 2022, 7:06 PM Time taken 32 mins 56 secs Grade 120.00 out of 125.00 (96%) Feedback You’re off to a good start. A course grade of 70% is required to request a transcript. You’ve met that for the first exam already, but if you want to reattempt for a higher grade you can retake this assessment. Study hard for each exam, and consider using tutoring anytime you get stuck. Remember that 10 hours of tutoring are provided to you through your StraighterLine membership. Question 1 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Abe and Carl are psychologists who believe that people have free will and can make choices based on higher human values. Abe and Carl's views reflect the ________ approach to psychology. Select one: a. sociocultural b. behavioral c. humanistic d. psychodynamic Question 2 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Psychology began as a science in the discipline of Select one: a. philosophy. b. physics. c. chemistry. d. sociology. Question 3 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text After careful observation, Dylan has stated a hypothesis that spending money on other people leads to greater happiness than spending money on oneself. In accordance with the scientific method, which of the following steps is Dylan most likely to take next? Select one: a. He will evaluate the results of his experiment. b. He will test the prediction by conducting empirical research. c. He will conclude whether spending money on others can be a strong predictor of happiness. d. He will publish the experimental results in a reputable journal. Question 4 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following is the first step in the scientific method? Select one: a. testing through empirical research b. observing some phenomenon in the world c. drawing conclusions d. formulating hypotheses and predictions Question 5 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Dr. Grant conducts research on stress management. Group A receives progressive relaxation training prior to taking the test, while Group B receives no training. Group A is the ________, while Group B is the ________. rev: 08_29_2019_QC_CS-176689 Select one: a. treatment group; placebo group b. experimental group; control group c. control group; treatment group d. placebo group; control group Question 6 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Professor Izadi is interested in determining the association between sleep and cognitive performance. He surveyed his students about the number of hours they slept the night before an exam and then correlated these scores with their test grades. He found a +.81 correlation between these two variables. What does this result mean? Select one: a. There is a high negative correlation between hours of sleep and exam performance. b. There is a low negative correlation between hours of sleep and exam performance. c. There is a high positive correlation between hours of sleep and exam performance. d. There is a low positive correlation between hours of sleep and exam performance. Question 7 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text In the context of psychological research methods, which of the following refers to a carefully regulated procedure in which the researcher manipulates one or more variables that are believed to influence some other variable? Select one: a. experiments b. correlational studies c. case studies d. surveys Question 8 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Aaron wants to study the association between sleep deprivation and the number of hours spent on a computer every day. He is not keen to establish causation, but would like to determine whether and how the increase or decrease in one variable is related to the increase or decrease in the other variable. Which of the following research methods is likely to be most effective for Aaron's study? Select one: a. survey b. correlational research c. experimental research d. case study Question 9 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text In experimental research, demand characteristics tend to Select one: a. increase the reliability of experimental results. b. eliminate confounds in a study. c. threaten the validity of experimental results. d. affect the duration of a study. Question 10 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text ________ refers to researchers' assignment of participants to groups by chance, to reduce the likelihood that an experiment's results will be due to preexisting differences between groups. Select one: a. Selection bias b. Experimenter bias c. Random assignment d. Random selection Question 11 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following is one of the issues addressed by the ethics guidelines developed by the American Psychological Association? Select one: a. debriefing b. sampling c. introspection d. validity Question 12 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text In the context of ethical guidelines in psychological research, when data are confidential, it is possible Select one: a. to link a participant's identity to his or her data. b. to clearly tell participants how they should act during the research. c. to explain the results of the study to the participants. d. to share a participant's details with the other participants. Question 13 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following statements about critical thinking is FALSE? Select one: a. Critical thinking is the process of thinking deeply and actively, asking questions, and evaluating the evidence. b. Critical thinking comes into play when scientists consider the conclusions they draw from research. c. Critical thinking increases the likelihood that conclusions will be based on unreliable personal beliefs, opinions, and motions. d. Critical thinkers question and test what some people say are facts. Question 14 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text The ________ system is the body's electrochemical communication circuitry. Select one: a. pulmonary b. nervous c. endocrine d. respiratory Question 15 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Just before you went on a job interview your heart was pounding like crazy. You experienced a shortness of breath and felt sick to your stomach. These symptoms were most likely produced by your ________ nervous system. Select one: a. central b. somatic c. parasympathetic d. sympathetic Question 16 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following is the brain's largest division? Select one: a. forebrain b. midbrain c. hindbrain d. medulla Question 17 Incorrect 0.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following statements is true of the central nervous system (CNS)? Select one: a. More than 99 percent of all nerve cells are located in the CNS. b. The neocortex makes up 40 percent of the cortex in the CNS of human beings. c. The function of the CNS is to bring information to and from the brain and spinal cord. d. The CNS has two major divisions: the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. Question 18 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text The function of the ________ is to take messages to and from the body's internal organs, monitoring such processes as breathing, heart rate, and digestion. Select one: a. central nervous system b. autonomic nervous system c. somatic nervous system d. voluntary nervous system Question 19 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Mark Johnson, a doctor in Dallas, prescribed an antidepressant drug Prozac to his patient, Ted. Prozac works by increasing brain levels of serotonin. This means that Prozac is considered Select one: a. an agonist. b. an antagonist. c. an endorphin. d. an oxytocin. Question 20 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Ellie has recently experienced irregular mood swings. Her energy level has decreased, and she seems to have greater difficulty coping with stress. Based on her symptoms, it seems as though Ellie may have problems with her ________ glands. Select one: a. pituitary b. pineal c. adrenal d. thymus Question 21 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Molly's natural hair color is brown, but she has had it dyed blonde. Molly changed her Select one: a. phenotype. b. genotype. c. chromosomes. d. genetic heritage. Question 22 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text ________ involves the manipulation of genes using technology to determine their effect on behavior. Select one: a. Molecular genetics b. Selective breeding c. Genome-wide association method d. Behavior genetics Question 23 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Endorphins are Select one: a. neurotransmitters that function as natural opiates in producing pleasure and pain. b. believed to be released mainly in the synapses of the fast pathway. c. hormones that are exclusively involved in the kinesthetic sense. d. hormones that are solely involved in the vestibular sense. Question 24 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text When one hears any sound, one's eardrum vibrates. These vibrations are then transferred to the inner ear by the hammer, anvil, and stirrup. These three bones are all located in the Select one: a. outer ear. b. middle ear. c. inner ear. d. marginal ear. Question 25 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the followings statements is true of the rods in the eye's retina? Select one: a. Rods are very useful for color vision. b. Rods are not hard at work at night. c. Rods are found everywhere except in the fovea. d. Rods do not function well under low illumination. [Show Less]
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STRAIGHTERLINE INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY PSY 101 GRADED EXAM I - MARCH 2022
• PSY101_MH_V4 • Topic 4: Sensation and Perception Started on Monday, February 28, 2022, 2:20 PM State Finished Completed on Monday, February 28, 2... [Show More] 022, 3:01 PM Time taken 40 mins 51 secs Grade 115.00 out of 125.00 (92%) Feedback You’re off to a good start. A course grade of 70% is required to request a transcript. You’ve met that for the first exam already, but if you want to reattempt for a higher grade you can retake this assessment. Study hard for each exam, and consider using tutoring anytime you get stuck. Remember that 10 hours of tutoring are provided to you through your StraighterLine membership. Question 1 Incorrect 0.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text In the country of Calibria, men prefer to date women with wide hips because they believe that these women are able to reproduce better. This scenario most likely illustrates the ________ to psychology. Select one: a. evolutionary approach b. biological approach c. humanistic approach d. cognitive approach Question 2 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text In his practice, Dr. Wagner stresses the role of unconscious processes and unresolved childhood conflicts that influence an individual's behavior. Dr. Wagner's belief aligns with the ________ approach to psychology. rev: 02_15_2019_QC_CS-159077 Select one: a. behavioral b. cognitive c. psychodynamic d. evolutionary Question 3 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Amelia, a researcher, conducts a study and finds that teenage boys in the country of Bodonia prefer to date fair-skinned girls and keep their relationships confidential. Michael, Amelia's colleague, tries to reproduce her study to see if he gets the same result. In this scenario, Michael's act illustrates Select one: a. deception. b. the principle of confidentiality. c. natural selection. d. replication. Question 4 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Professor Wong measures the intelligence and temperament of a group of preschoolers. He plans to study the same group of participants over time and collect data when the children are in Grades 3, 6, and 9. This is an example of which type of research design? Select one: a. sampling design b. experimental design c. longitudinal design d. double-blind experiment Question 5 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text In experimental research, the ________ is a manipulated experimental factor, and the ________ is the outcome. Select one: a. dependent variable; independent variable b. independent variable; dependent variable c. confounding variable; independent variable d. dependent variable; confounding variable Question 6 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Sara, a researcher, and her team conduct a study to examine the effect of WakeMe, an energy drink, on the intelligence quotient (IQ) levels of people in a small district of Casadia. The people of Casadia are randomly divided into two equal groups. Members of one group, Group WM, are made to drink WakeMe and then take the IQ test. Members of the other group, Group NoWM, are made to drink plain water packaged in WakeMe bottles and then take the IQ test. In this scenario, who among the following exemplifies the control group? Select one: a. members of Group NoWM b. members of Group WM c. Sara and her team d. the team that designs the IQ test Question 7 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Remove flag Question text A(n) ________ allows researchers to identify the specific effects of the independent variable from the possible effects of the experimenter's and the participants' expectations about it. Select one: a. double-blind experiment b. measure of central tendency c. meta-analytical study d. interview Question 8 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Independent variables are Select one: a. measured by researchers. b. manipulated by researchers. c. confounds that are typically irrelevant to the hypothesis being tested. d. the factors that change in response to the changes in dependent variables. Question 9 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text In a ________, neither the experimenter administering the treatment nor the participants are aware of which participants are in the experimental group and which are in the control group until the results are calculated. Select one: a. double-blind experiment b. correlational research c. longitudinal design d. case study Question 10 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text A ________ is a sample that gives every member of the population an equal chance of being selected. Select one: a. stratified sample b. random sample c. convenience sample d. cluster sample Question 11 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Researchers usually should submit their findings to a journal for review by their colleagues, who make a decision about whether to publish the paper, depending on its scientific merit. This process is known as Select one: a. publishing review. b. literature review. c. peer review. d. subject review. Question 12 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following is a guideline to follow to consume psychological information critically and wisely? Select one: a. Consider the source of psychological information. b. Apply conclusions from a group to an individual. c. Do not look for answers beyond a single study. d. Draw causal conclusions from correlational studies. Question 13 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following statements best defines critical thinking in psychology? Select one: a. It is the process of accepting observed events as true. b. It is the process of reflecting deeply, asking questions, and evaluating evidence. c. It is a form of thinking intended to create something new and different. d. It is a form of thinking that has been rejected by contemporary psychologists. Question 14 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text ________ is an abnormal disruption in the tissue of the brain resulting from injury or disease. Select one: a. Brain lesioning b. Brain imaging c. Brain ischemia d. Brain stem stroke Question 15 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text When a neuron sends an action potential, it is commonly said to be Select one: a. firing. b. grading. c. depolarizing. d. classifying. Question 16 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Michael, a doctor, is studying the extent of damage to the brain involving loss of memory in his patient Kayla. He examines a three-dimensional image obtained from X-rays of Kayla's head that are assembled into a composite image. In the context of brain imaging, which of the following techniques was most likely used to produce the three-dimensional image? Select one: a. computerized axial tomography (CAT scan or CT scan) b. positron-emission tomography (PET scan) c. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) d. transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) Question 17 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following statements is true of neural networks? Select one: a. They are networks of nerve cells that connect the brain and spinal cord to other parts of the body. b. They make up most of the brain. c. They are also called motor nerves. d. They carry information about the external environment to the brain and spinal cord. Question 18 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text The ________ connects the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body. Select one: a. central nervous system b. peripheral nervous system c. limbic system d. endocrine system Question 19 Incorrect 0.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Kenny has been diagnosed with Parkinson disease and has been prescribed medication to manage some of his symptoms. The medication elevates the levels of dopamine in his system. If the levels of dopamine in his system become excessive, Kenny is most likely to exhibit symptoms associated with Select one: a. depression. b. multiple sclerosis. c. Alzheimer disease. d. schizophrenia. Question 20 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text ________ and ________ are secreted by the adrenal glands. Select one: a. Epinephrine; norepinephrine b. Estrogen; testosterone c. Estrogen; epinephrine d. Acetylcholine; testosterone Question 21 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Dr. Cardinale is interested in the effects of heredity and environment on intelligence. She compares the similarity of IQ scores of identical twins to the similarity of IQ scores of fraternal twins. In this case, Dr. Cardinale is studying heredity's influence on behavior using Select one: a. human genome. b. molecular genetics. c. behavior genetics. d. selective breeding. Question 22 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text In the context of brain tissue implants, what is unique about stem cells? Select one: a. They survive for extended periods outside of the body. b. They can develop into most types of human cells. c. They are insusceptible to the effects of plasticity. d. They transfer genetic information into human cells. Question 23 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text ________ are neurons in the brain's visual system that respond to particular features of a stimulus. Select one: a. Optic chiasms b. Thermoreceptors c. Optic nerves d. Feature detectors Question 24 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text The ________ is a transparent and somewhat flexible, disk-like structure filled with a gelatin-like material. Select one: a. retina b. lens c. optic nerve d. fovea Question 25 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text You are studying in your room, and your neighbor is listening to the news on television at a loud volume in the adjacent room. When you gently request your neighbor to turn the volume down until you cannot hear it, you are asking your neighbor to make the volume less than your Select one: a. absolute threshold. b. difference threshold. c. minimum transduction level. d. basilar level. [Show Less]
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STRAIGHTERLINE INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY PSY 101 GRADED EXAM 2 - MARCH 2022
Page path • PSY101_MH_V4 • Topic 8: Intelligence and Reason Started on Sunday, March 6, 2022, 6:00 PM State Finished Completed on Sunday, March 6,... [Show More] 2022, 6:30 PM Time taken 29 mins 21 secs Grade 115.00 out of 125.00 (92%) Question 1 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Nicotine raises ________ levels in the brain. Select one: a. serotonin b. GABA c. dopamine d. epinephrine Question 2 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Adam, a student, is attending a lecture on the topic of semantics. He is able to concentrate on the lecture and is also able to type a message to his friend on his smartphone without looking at the phone. In the context of the levels of awareness, Adam's state of consciousness best illustrates the concept of Select one: a. automatic processes. b. controlled processes. c. executive function. d. altered awareness. Question 3 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Drugs, trauma, fatigue, hypnosis, and sensory deprivation typically produce Select one: a. automatic processing. b. sleep apnea. c. higher-level consciousness. d. altered states of consciousness. Question 4 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following neurotransmitters plays an important role in addiction? Select one: a. serotonin b. dopamine c. melatonin d. glutamate Question 5 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text ________ is an altered state of consciousness or psychological state of altered attention and expectation in which the individual is unusually receptive to suggestions. Select one: a. Hypnosis b. Meditation c. Caffeinism d. Extrasensory perception (ESP) Question 6 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text In the context of classical conditioning, ________ means that the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus are presented very close together in time—even a mere fraction of a second. Select one: a. contiguity b. contingency c. eventuality d. synergy Question 7 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text In Pavlov's classic study on classical conditioning, the bell was a ________ before conditioning and became a(n) ________ after conditioning had occurred. Select one: a. conditioned stimulus; neutral stimulus b. conditioned stimulus; unconditioned stimulus c. neutral stimulus; conditioned stimulus d. neutral stimulus; reinforcer stimulus Question 8 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text ________ is a consequence that decreases the likelihood that a behavior will occur. Select one: a. Punishment b. Extinction c. Discrimination d. Generalization Question 9 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text In operant conditioning, continuous reinforcement Select one: a. is particularly resistant to extinction. b. is that which characterizes most life experiences. c. is the type of reinforcement in which organisms learn rapidly. d. is the type of reinforcement in which a reinforcer follows a behavior only a portion of the time. Question 10 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text The adage "When in Rome, do as the Romans do" best reflects which of the following types of learning? Select one: a. operant conditioning b. classical conditioning c. observational learning d. latent learning Question 11 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following statements is true of observational learning? Select one: a. It occurs when people make an association between two events. b. It rarely relies on mental processes. c. It takes place when a person notices and imitates another's behavior. d. It is unlikely to be used in educational settings. Question 12 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text ________ is the species-specific biological predisposition to learn in certain ways but not others. Select one: a. Instinctive drift b. Instinctive learning c. Preparedness d. Conceptualization Question 13 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Jack doesn't need to look at his keyboard while typing. His fingers automatically move over the keys as he types information into the computer. In the context of memory storage, which part of Jack's brain is active in the memory required to perform these skills? Select one: a. the temporal lobes b. the hippocampus c. the cerebellum d. the amygdala Question 14 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Belinda and John were best friends through their school years. Belinda now works in a café and has become good friends with her colleague, Jim. However, Belinda often finds herself referring to Jim as John, even though she has not spoken to John for at least four years. Belinda's confusion with these names may be attributed to the occurrence of Select one: a. proactive interference. b. retroactive interference. c. retrograde amnesia. d. anterograde amnesia. Question 15 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Kate is on the phone talking to her friend Paul, who is referring her for a job interview. Paul gives Kate a phone number, but before Kate can write it down, the call is disconnected. Kate can only recall the last three digits of the number that Paul gave her. This scenario best illustrates the ________ effect. Select one: a. primacy b. placebo c. recency d. echo Question 16 Incorrect 0.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text In the context of memory retrieval, which of the following is true of recognition? Select one: a. Recognition tests such as essay tests have poor retrieval cues. b. In the task of recognition, an individual has to retrieve previously learned information. c. In the task of recognition, an individual is typically confined to identify learned items. d. Recognition of a stimulus is far more difficult than recall of a stimulus. Question 17 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Why did cognitive psychologist Jonathan Schooler suggest that the term recovered memories be replaced with the term discovered memories? Select one: a. Individuals with "discovered" memories experience them as real, whether or not the memories are accurate. b. "Discovered" memories are more accurate and detailed than "recovered" memories. c. The term discovered memories avoids the negative connotations of the term recovered memories. d. Individuals with "discovered" memories realize that the memories may be inaccurate. Question 18 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text In the context of the role of language in cognition, which of the following is a contribution of linguist Benjamin Whorf (1956)? Select one: a. He believed that language milestones are dependent on the language input received from the environment. b. He argued that language determines the way people think. c. He believed that children learn the full rules and structure of languages by only imitating what they hear. d. He argued that children learn language by being completely aware of its underlying logic. Question 19 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text ________ refers to a language's rules for combining words to form acceptable phrases and sentences. Select one: a. Phonology b. Semantic c. Morphology d. Syntax Question 20 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following is the first step in the problem-solving process? Select one: a. evaluating solutions b. finding and framing problems c. developing good problem-solving strategies d. rethinking and redefining problems and solutions over time Question 21 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text ________ are mental categories that are used to group objects, events, and characteristics. Select one: a. Algorithms b. Concepts c. Semantics d. Matrices Question 22 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Standardization Select one: a. refers to the ability to yield a consistent result to what it is intended to measure. b. refers to the extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure. c. is the extent to which a test yields a consistent, reproducible measure of performance. d. involves developing uniform procedures for administering and scoring a test, as well as creating norms, or performance standards, for the test. Question 23 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Sam manages a fast-food restaurant. He is frustrated because employees often call in sick at the last minute before the start of their shift. Given that Sam recognizes this problem, which of the following is the next immediate step that he should take to solve this problem? Select one: a. Sam should rethink and redefine the problem and its solution over time. b. Sam should implement the solution that has been identified. c. Sam should evaluate the solutions offered by his employees. d. Sam should define the problem and develop strategies to solve it. Question 24 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following is true of algorithms and heuristics used for solving real-life problems? Select one: a. Heuristics are shortcut strategies. b. Algorithms lead to different answers to a given problem. c. Heuristics guarantee a solution to a problem. d. Algorithms are faster than heuristics. Question 25 Incorrect 0.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text In the context of loss aversion, identify a true statement about sunk-cost fallacy. Select one: a. People ascribe greater value to things they already own, compared to objects owned by someone else. b. People disregard prior experiences or failures when making predictions about the possibility of an outcome. c. People are reluctant to give up on a venture because of past investment. d. People tend to report falsely, after the fact, that they accurately predicted an outcome. [Show Less]
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STRAIGHTERLINE INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY PSY 101 GRADED MIDTERM EXAM - MARCH 2022
Page path • PSY101_MH_V4 • Topic 8: Intelligence and Reason Started on Wednesday, March 2, 2022, 9:25 AM State Finished Completed on Wednesday, Ma... [Show More] rch 2, 2022, 10:15 AM Time taken 50 mins 38 secs Grade 190.00 out of 200.00 (95%) Question 1 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text In the country of Calibria, men prefer to date women with wide hips because they believe that these women are able to reproduce better. This scenario most likely illustrates the ________ to psychology. Select one: a. evolutionary approach b. biological approach c. humanistic approach d. cognitive approach Question 2 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text The ________ approach emphasizes the scientific study of observable actions and/or responses and their environmental determinants. Select one: a. environmental b. psychodynamic c. observational d. behavioral Question 3 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text After careful observation, Dylan has stated a hypothesis that spending money on other people leads to greater happiness than spending money on oneself. In accordance with the scientific method, which of the following steps is Dylan most likely to take next? Select one: a. He will evaluate the results of his experiment. b. He will test the prediction by conducting empirical research. c. He will conclude whether spending money on others can be a strong predictor of happiness. d. He will publish the experimental results in a reputable journal. Question 4 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text A(n) ________ is a broad idea or set of closely related ideas that attempts to explain observations and to make predictions about future observations. Select one: a. theory b. hypothesis c. operational definition d. experimental bias Question 5 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Dr. Simpson found a +.50 correlation between ice cream cone sales and violent crimes in a community. Which of the following represents the best interpretation of this result? Select one: a. Ice cream causes people to become more violent and aggressive. b. A third variable, such as heat, may account for the association between ice cream sales and violent crime. c. Violent people like ice cream more than nonviolent people. d. Ice cream consumption is not related to violent crime. Question 6 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Andrea, a psychologist, conducts a study to determine the effect of students' ages on their college grades. She divides a class into two groups: Below Age and Above Age. Members of the Below Age group are less than 18 years of age, whereas members of the Above Age group are 18 years of age or above. In this scenario, which of the following illustrates the dependent variable? Select one: a. members of the Below Age group b. members of the Above Age group c. college grades d. ages of the students Question 7 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Emma, a psychologist, wants to study the relationship that exists among college girls who stay in hostels. She disguises herself as a college student and shares a dorm with some girls for a month. During her stay, she observes their various behaviors and makes notes when the girls are fast asleep. Which of the following is best exemplified in this scenario? Select one: a. the placebo effect b. experimenter bias c. a double-blind experiment d. naturalistic observation Question 8 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text ________ is defined as a special kind of systematic observation, used by correlational researchers, that involves obtaining measures of the variables of interest in multiple waves over time. Select one: a. A longitudinal design b. A double-blind experiment c. Naturalistic observation d. Structuralism Question 9 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Olivia, a research student, wants to determine the effect of alcoholism on domestic violence as part of her thesis paper. She realizes that informing the participants of her study about its exact nature will affect the results. The participants are likely to feel ashamed of openly discussing such sensitive issues. In this scenario, which of the following would be the best approach for Olivia? Select one: a. requesting her family members and friends to participate in the study b. obtaining informed consent from the participants c. debriefing her participants after the study's completion d. changing the topic for her thesis Question 10 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text According to the principle of ________, researchers are responsible for keeping all of the data they gather on individuals completely confidential and, when possible, completely anonymous. Select one: a. deception b. informed consent c. confidentiality d. freedom from harm Question 11 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following statements about critical thinking is FALSE? Select one: a. Critical thinking is the process of thinking deeply and actively, asking questions, and evaluating the evidence. b. Critical thinking comes into play when scientists consider the conclusions they draw from research. c. Critical thinking increases the likelihood that conclusions will be based on unreliable personal beliefs, opinions, and motions. d. Critical thinkers question and test what some people say are facts. Question 12 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following is a function of the myelin sheath? Select one: a. carry information away from the cell body toward other cells b. increase the surface area of nerve cells c. speed up the transmission of nerve impulses d. play a role in imitation Question 13 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text ________ are chemical substances that are stored in very tiny sacs within the neuron's terminal buttons and involved in transmitting information across a synaptic gap to the next neuron. Select one: a. Neurotransmitters b. Neural impulses c. Synapses d. Dendrites Question 14 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text The brain and spinal cord make up the Select one: a. peripheral nervous system. b. central nervous system. c. autonomic nervous system. d. somatic nervous system. Question 15 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following is one of the functions of the sympathetic nervous system? Select one: a. convey information from skin to the central nervous system (CNS) b. calm the body c. fight-or-flight reaction d. tell muscles what to do Question 16 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following organs are involved in men's and women's sexual development and reproduction? Select one: a. testes and ovaries b. adrenal glands c. pituitary glands d. pancreas Question 17 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text ________ inhibits the firing of neurons in the central nervous system, but it excites the heart muscle, intestines, and urogenital tract. Select one: a. Serotonin b. Dopamine c. Norepinephrine d. GABA Question 18 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text In the human cell, threadlike structures that come in 23 pairs, one member of each pair originating from each parent, and that contain DNA are called Select one: a. chromosomes. b. ergosomes. c. ribosomes. d. polysomes. Question 19 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text ________ is a genetic method in which organisms are chosen for reproduction based on how much of a particular trait they display. Select one: a. Selective breeding b. Experimental evolution c. Polymorphism d. Natural selection Question 20 Incorrect 0.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text In the context of the auditory system, frequency theory states that Select one: a. the vibrations in the ear produced by auditory stimuli travel in one direction—from the tip of the cochlea to the oval window. b. each frequency produces vibrations at a particular spot on the basilar membrane of the inner ear. c. the perception of a sound's frequency depends on how often the auditory nerve fires. d. a cluster of nerve cells in the inner ear can fire neural impulses in rapid succession. Question 21 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text If we see a German shepherd standing 30 feet away from us, we recognize that it is just as big as it was when it was much closer to us. This is primarily due to Select one: a. size constancy. b. shape constancy. c. proximity. d. figure-ground. Question 22 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following explains the ability of an animal to distinguish among sight, sound, odor, taste, and touch? Select one: a. Sensory neurons (unlike all neurons) do not follow the all-or-nothing principle. b. The senses undergo a process known as synaesthesia that describes an experience in which one sense induces an experience in the same sense. c. Sensory receptors are selective and have different neural pathways. d. The receptor holds the frequency of action potentials sent to the brain. Question 23 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text As Carlton is just about to fall asleep, he experiences an overwhelming feeling of wellness and a sense that everything is going to work out. This state of mind is referred to as Select one: a. high consciousness. b. hypnagogic reverie. c. self-actualization. d. activation-synthesis. Question 24 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text ________, such as Nembutal and Seconal, are depressant drugs that decrease central nervous system activity. Select one: a. Barbiturates b. Amphetamines c. Hallucinogens d. Stimulants Question 25 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text ________ in classical conditioning is the tendency of a new stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus to elicit a response that is similar to the conditioned response. Select one: a. Generalization b. Discrimination c. Spontaneous recovery d. Latent learning Question 26 Incorrect 0.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Andrea is the mother of Leo, a six-month-old child. She wants to introduce vegetables in Leo's diet. As Leo is used to having lentil soup as his evening snack, Andrea prepares lentil soup with vegetables in it and makes Leo taste it. He does not like the taste of the soup and refuses to have it. After that day, he refuses to have even plain lentil soup. In this scenario, which of the following acts as the conditioned stimulus? Select one: a. Andrea b. Leo c. the vegetables d. the soup Question 27 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following describes the reinforcement element in observational learning? Select one: a. judging whether to repeat a behavior depending on the consequences of the behavior b. encoding the information and keeping it in memory so that it can be retrieved later c. imitating and enacting a model's actions to achieve similarity in reproduction of the set of behaviors initially observed d. attending to what the model is saying or doing Question 28 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following is true of observational learning? Select one: a. It focuses on automatic, involuntary behaviors. b. It often takes less time than operant conditioning. c. It was first conceptualized by Ivan Pavlov. d. It usually begins with reinforcement and ends with extinction. Question 29 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text In the context of psychological constraints, which of the following statements is true about a fixed mindset? Select one: a. People believe in learning rather than scoring well. b. To individuals with a fixed mindset, failure indicates what they still need to learn. c. People believe that their qualities can change and improve through their effort. d. For individuals with a fixed mindset, failure means lack of ability. Question 30 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text In the context of memory retrieval, the ________ states that information present at the time of encrypting or learning tends to be effective as a retrieval cue. Select one: a. encoding specificity principle b. Atkinson-Shiffrin theory c. interference theory d. serial position effect Question 31 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following is the main reason that hampers the use of rehearsal as a tool for retaining information over a long period of time? Select one: a. It involves the unconscious repetition of information. b. It can only be used to store verbal information for half a minute or less. c. It always results in distortion of memories. d. It involves mechanically repeating information, without imparting meaning to it. Question 32 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following scenarios best illustrates multitasking? Select one: a. James surfing the Web and texting while doing his homework b. Lewis drawing a portrait using watercolors c. Emma playing her guitar while looking at the fret board d. Logan writing down his academic goals for the current semester Question 33 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following statements is true of babbling? Select one: a. It usually begins when babies are 18–24 months old. b. It is unlikely to be determined by biological readiness. c. It refers to the endless repetition of sounds and syllables. d. It is determined by the amount of reinforcement or the ability to hear. Question 34 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text According to American linguist Noam Chomsky, identify a true statement about language universals. Select one: a. Children learn language without an awareness of its underlying logic. b. Children are highly affected by the language input they receive from their environments. c. Children learn the full rules and structure of languages by only imitating what they hear. d. Children all over the world reach language milestones at different times and in varying orders. Question 35 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text ________ refers to a prediction about the probability of an event based on the ease of recalling or imagining similar events. Select one: a. Confirmation bias b. The availability heuristic c. The representativeness heuristic d. Hindsight bias Question 36 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text According to Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences, a psychiatrist is most likely to score high on Select one: a. mathematical intelligence. b. spatial intelligence. c. interpersonal intelligence. d. musical intelligence. Question 37 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text An analogy is sometimes drawn between human cognition and the way computers work. The physical brain is analogous to a computer's ________, and cognition is analogous to a computer's ________. Select one: a. hardware; software b. software; hardware c. hardware; hard drive d. software; random-access memory (RAM) Question 38 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text In the context of loss aversion, which of the following statements is true of the endowment effect? Select one: a. People ascribe greater value to things they already own, compared to objects owned by someone else. b. People tend to make more losses than gains when making investments based on the suggestions of their peers. c. People are reluctant to give up on a venture because of past investment. d. People tend to report falsely, after the fact, that they accurately predicted an outcome. Question 39 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following statements is true of convergent thinking? Select one: a. It is best when a problem has only one right answer. b. It occurs during brainstorming. c. It produces many solutions to the same problem. d. It is usually avoided by creative people. Question 40 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Standardization Select one: a. refers to the ability to yield a consistent result to what it is intended to measure. b. refers to the extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure. c. is the extent to which a test yields a consistent, reproducible measure of performance. d. involves developing uniform procedures for administering and scoring a test, as well as creating norms, or performance standards, for the test. [Show Less]
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STRAIGHTERLINE INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY PSY 101 GRADED EXAM 3 - MARCH 2022
Page path • PSY101_MH_V4 • Topic 12: Personality Started on Thursday, March 10, 2022, 6:58 PM State Finished Completed on Thursday, March 10, 2022... [Show More] , 7:20 PM Time taken 22 mins 49 secs Grade 115.00 out of 125.00 (92%) Question 1 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Some researchers disagree with the notion that the labels "easy," "difficult," and "slow-to-warm-up" are the best way to conceptualize infant temperament. They argue that ________ are the core dimensions of temperament. Select one: a. object permanence and egocentrism b. self-regulation, inhibition, and negative affectivity c. parenting style and conservation d. morality, identity, and prosocial behavior Question 2 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text The work of Harry Harlow established that Select one: a. early social experience in humans is essential to normal functioning in adulthood. b. infants do not depend on warm social interaction to survive or to develop. c. human behavior is hardly more complex than that of rhesus monkeys. d. contact comfort is more important than feeding in the attachment process. Question 3 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Compared to authoritarian parents, authoritative parents are likely to be Select one: a. more conservative. b. less educated. c. more collaborative. d. less trusting. Question 4 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following is a difference between cross-sectional and longitudinal studies? Select one: a. Unlike cross-sectional studies, longitudinal studies are affected by cohort effects. b. Cross-sectional studies deal with people of the same age, whereas longitudinal studies deal with people belonging to different age groups. c. Cross-sectional studies assess people at one point in time, whereas longitudinal studies assess people over a long period of time. d. Cross-sectional studies assess participants multiple times, whereas longitudinal studies assess participants only once. Question 5 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text As young Javier gets off his school bus, he runs to his mother and proudly shows her the book he read at school. Which of the following Erikson's psychosocial development stages is Javier demonstrating? Select one: a. autonomy vs. doubt b. initiative vs. guilt c. industry vs. inferiority d. trust vs. mistrust Question 6 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Children of permissive parents Select one: a. are socially competent, self-reliant, and socially responsible. b. fail to learn respect for others and have difficulty controlling their behavior. c. use their caregiver as a secure base from which to explore. d. handle independence poorly and often compare themselves with others. Question 7 Incorrect 0.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text According to ________, as we age, our cells become less capable of dividing. Select one: a. hormonal stress theory b. the free-radical theory c. the cellular-clock theory d. Erikson's theory of socioemotional development Question 8 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text ________ is often termed "maturation" because it involves an unfolding of biological processes. Select one: a. Cognitive development b. Social development c. Physical development d. Emotional development Question 9 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text ________ involves changes that occur with age in people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding the principles and values that guide them as they interact with others. Select one: a. Moral development b. Cognitive development c. Physical development d. Gender development Question 10 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text A(n) ________ is a mental framework for understanding what it means to be male or female in one's culture. Select one: a. gender schema b. gender diversity c. gender bias d. gender orientation Question 11 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text ________ involve expectations for how females and males should think, act, and feel. Select one: a. Biological roles b. Gender identities c. Gender expressions d. Gender roles Question 12 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text According to Jeffrey Arnett, the transitional period from adolescence to adulthood is known as Select one: a. formal operational stage. b. late adulthood. c. emerging adulthood. d. concrete operational stage. Question 13 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text According to James Marcia, the two dimensions of identity are Select one: a. temperament and attachment. b. exploration and commitment. c. parenting style and attachment. d. accommodation and assimilation. Question 14 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following is true of the recovery pattern of grief explained by George Bonanno? Select one: a. Individuals who grieve in this pattern are more likely to be at risk for disorders such as depression than individuals who grieve in other patterns. b. Individuals who grieve in this pattern seldom experience a profound disruption of life, despite having gone through a staggering loss. c. In this pattern, intense feelings of sadness and distress typically come over the grieving person weeks or even months after a loss. d. In this pattern, individuals experience profound sadness and grief that dissipates more slowly than resilient individuals do. Question 15 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text According to George Bonanno, ________is a pattern of grief in which a traumatic grief experience leads to a long-term disruption of functioning in important life domains. Select one: a. chronic dysfunction b. resilience c. recovery d. delayed grief Question 16 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text In the context of self-determination theory, a parent nurturing his or her child's development best reflects Select one: a. the Yerkes-Dodson law. b. extrinsic motivation. c. self-efficacy. d. the need for relatedness. Question 17 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Identify a true statement about Walter Cannon and A. L. Washburn's classic experiment on hunger. Select one: a. It revealed that the hormone insulin helps start the digestion of food. b. It showed that the stomach fails to tell the brain about the amount of nutrients present in foods. c. It revealed a close association between stomach contractions and hunger. d. It showed that rich food takes longer to stop hunger than the same amount of water. Question 18 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following is emphasized by individualistic cultures? Select one: a. self-reliance b. affiliation c. cooperation d. interdependence Question 19 Incorrect 0.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Identify a true statement about the parasympathetic nervous system. Select one: a. It is responsible for a rapid reaction to a stressor. b. It promotes relaxation and healing. c. It is involved in the body's arousal. d. It results in increased heart rate when activated. Question 20 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Yonatan, a 26-year-old, is a statistician. He spends his free time making clay sculptures as he finds working with clay to be a calming experience. According to Freud's stages of psychosexual development, Yonatan is most likely to be fixated at the Select one: a. anal stage. b. genital stage. c. oral stage. d. phallic stage. Question 21 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following defense mechanisms involves directing unacceptable impulses at a less threatening target? Select one: a. displacement b. sublimation c. repression d. fixation Question 22 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text According to Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory, ________ the basis of personality. Select one: a. the behavioral activation system (BAS) and the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) are b. the cognitive affective processing systems (CAPS) are c. the id, ego, and superego are d. the reticular activation system (RAS) is Question 23 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Identify a true statement about Walter Mischel's view on personality. Select one: a. He believed that the human sexual drive was the main determinant of personality development. b. He stated that the experiences of a common past have made a deep, permanent impression on the human mind. c. He proposed that perfection is the key motivator for individuals. d. He asserted that behavior is discriminative. Question 24 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text ________ is a person's assessment of his or her own level of positive affect relative to negative affect, and an evaluation of his or her life in general. Select one: a. Unconditional positive regard b. Self-efficacy c. An archetype d. Subjective well-being Question 25 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text ________ consists of a series of pictures, each on an individual card or slide. The test taker is asked to tell a story about each of the pictures, including events leading up to the situation described, the characters' thoughts and feelings, and the way the situation turns out. Select one: a. The Rorschach inkblot test b. The Thematic Apperception Test c. The Blacky pictures test d. The Draw-a-Person test [Show Less]
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STRAIGHTERLINE INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY PSY 101 GRADED EXAM 3 - MARCH 2022
Page path • PSY101_MH_V4 • Topic 12: Personality Started on Monday, March 7, 2022, 5:50 PM State Finished Completed on Monday, March 7, 2022, 6:30... [Show More] PM Time taken 39 mins 37 secs Grade 105.00 out of 125.00 (84%) Question 1 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Chloe is a baby who cries a lot. She does not eat or sleep on a regular schedule, and she often has difficulty adapting to new experiences. According to psychiatrists Stella Chess and Alexander Thomas, Chloe's temperament can be described as Select one: a. difficult. b. easy. c. slow-to-warm-up. d. defiant. Question 2 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text What did Harry Harlow demonstrate in his classic study of attachment amongst baby monkeys? Select one: a. The monkeys were more attached to the physically cold wire mother that gave milk. b. The monkeys were more attached to the cloth mother that was warm and fuzzy. c. The monkeys displayed no preference for either cloth or wire artificial mothers. d. The monkeys unexpectedly preferred the wire mother over the cloth mother. Question 3 Incorrect 0.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following is the final stage of Erikson's psychosocial development? Select one: a. intimacy vs. isolation b. integrity vs. despair c. industry vs. inferiority d. generativity vs. stagnation Question 4 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text A 13-year-old breaks up with his first girlfriend, and he is very upset. No one can console him, because he believes that no one else has ever been hurt as badly as he has. The boy's beliefs are consistent with Select one: a. prepubertal romance. b. adolescent egocentrism. c. transductive reasoning. d. separation anxiety. Question 5 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Twelve-year-old Jennifer believes that she is unique and cannot be harmed. She thinks others are preoccupied with her and that they are watching her always. This best illustrates Piaget's concept of Select one: a. accommodation. b. object permanence. c. conservation. d. egocentrism. Question 6 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text "Out of sight, out of mind" can describe the behavior of a child who lacks the concept of Select one: a. conservation. b. separation anxiety. c. attachment. d. object permanence. Question 7 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text According to Gisela Labouvie-Vief, which of the following is a key aspect of the cognitive development of young adults? Select one: a. deciding on a particular worldview or philosophy of life b. realizing that people's worldviews are similar rather than diverse c. recognizing that an individual's worldview is objective d. identifying and eliminating the factors that make life stressful Question 8 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, an individual who recognizes alternative moral courses, explores the options, and then develops an increasingly personal moral code is operating at the ________ level of moral development. Select one: a. conventional b. preconventional c. postconventional d. concrete Question 9 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following statements is true of Carol Gilligan's care perspective? Select one: a. It focuses on the rights of the individual as the key to sound moral reasoning. b. It generally leads women to score lower than men on moral development. c. It overestimates the role of logical reasoning in moral judgments. d. It views people in terms of their connectedness with others. Question 10 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following is true of gender identity? Select one: a. It always remains the same as the one assigned at birth. b. It refers to the ways people present themselves through their appearance, including clothing choices and behavior. c. It is inseparable from gender expression. d. It is a person's inner concept of themselves in relation to the ideas of being male, female, both, or neither. Question 11 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text According to Hyde, the gender similarities hypothesis Select one: a. is the understanding of a gender schema without the cultural factors. b. can be confirmed by the John/Joan case. c. is the idea that men and women (and boys and girls) are much more similar than they are different. d. explains the contradiction between environmental factors and gender similarities. Question 12 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text ________ is the identity status of an adolescent who has neither explored nor committed to an identity. Select one: a. Identity moratorium b. Identity diffusion c. Identity foreclosure d. Identity confusion Question 13 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text According to Arnett, all of the following EXCEPT ________ are features of emerging adulthood. Select one: a. feeling "in between" b. self-focus c. wisdom d. identity exploration in love and work Question 14 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following was proposed by Kübler-Ross? Select one: a. She proposed four statuses of identity based on crisis and commitment. b. She has shown that grief unfolds in four patterns: resilience, recovery, chronic dysfunction, and delayed grief. c. She proposed five progressive stages of coping with death, in which the dying individual progresses from denial to acceptance. d. She outlined the three stages of socioemotional development in adulthood. Question 15 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text In adult development, when experience conflicts with existing schemas Select one: a. one should forget the experience and move on. b. it is recommended to alter current ways of thinking. c. one should never change one's current ways of thinking. d. it is necessary to fit the experiences in the existing schemas. Question 16 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Jenna is a talented singer. Her singing is commendable when she is well rehearsed and is performing with her school choir group. In such situations, she is moderately aroused and fairly relaxed. However, when Jenna's friends are around, she gets overly aroused and anxious. In such situations, she finds it hard to focus and often makes mistakes. Which of the following psychological principles can be used to explain the rationale behind Jenna's performance? Select one: a. the Cannon-Bard theory b. the Yerkes-Dodson law c. the James-Lange theory d. self-regulation Question 17 Incorrect 0.00 points out of 5.00 Remove flag Question text According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, we seek to fulfill our need for love and belongingness Select one: a. after our basic physiological and safety needs are met. b. before our basic biological and safety needs are met. c. after we have found self-actualization. d. after self-esteem needs have been met. Question 18 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text ________ pertains to a psychological state, whereas ________ involves a physiological state. Select one: a. Reflex; need b. Need; drive c. Drive; need d. Need; reflex Question 19 Incorrect 0.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text According to self-determination theory, competence motivation involves Select one: a. drive-reduction. b. self-efficacy and mastery. c. environmental stimuli. d. maintaining optimal arousal. Question 20 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Brittney is a counselor who believes that her clients have the innate ability to make good choices. She accepts each individual as they are and as a person in the process of change. She holds that individuals are capable of controlling their lives and achieving their goals. Brittney is most likely to agree with the ________ of personality. Select one: a. trait theory b. psychoanalytic perspective c. social cognitive theory d. humanistic perspective Question 21 Incorrect 0.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Meyer plans to obtain quick money through gambling, but he realizes that he might get arrested by the police. This prevents him from going ahead with the plan. According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, which of the following structures of personality most likely stopped Meyer from going ahead with his plan? Select one: a. superego b. ego c. id d. animus Question 22 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text According to Freud, the ego Select one: a. is an individual's reservoir of sexual energy. b. operates on the "pleasure principle." c. deals with the demands of reality. d. is the harsh internal judge of one's behavior. Question 23 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Patrick has been confused about his sexual orientation for a few years. Even though he has had many girlfriends, he often feels attracted to men. However, in college, he strongly opposes the idea of same-sex relationships among his friends. According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, Patrick's supposed homophobia best illustrates the defense mechanism called Select one: a. reaction formation. b. denial. c. sublimation. d. regression. Question 24 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following individuals illustrates the trait of conscientiousness? Select one: a. Edmund, who suffers in silence b. Anne, who forgives her son for his poor academic performance c. Peter, who experiences more negative than positive emotions d. Alvin, who loves talking to people Question 25 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Self-report personality tests Select one: a. rely on a professional's diagnosis or opinion. b. ask the test taker to interpret ambiguous stimuli. c. determine people's personality based on behavioral observation. d. directly ask people whether specific items describe their personality traits. [Show Less]
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STRAIGHTERLINE INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY PSY 101 GRADED EXAM 3 - MARCH 2022
• PSY101_MH_V4 • Topic 12: Personality Started on Monday, February 28, 2022, 3:05 PM State Finished Completed on Monday, February 28, 2022, 3:39 PM... [Show More] Time taken 33 mins 17 secs Grade 110.00 out of 125.00 (88%) Question 1 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Juan is a child with a low activity level, and he tends to withdraw from new situations. He is inflexible, and he displays low mood intensity. According to psychiatrists Stella Chess and Alexander Thomas, Juan is said to have what type of temperament? Select one: a. easy b. difficult c. slow-to-warm-up d. aversive Question 2 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text The strange situation test is used to assess an infant's Select one: a. level of cognitive development. b. level of moral development. c. style of attachment. d. resilience. Question 3 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the ability to think about things that are not concrete, make predictions, and use logic to come up with hypotheses about the future is attained during the ________ stage. Select one: a. preoperational b. concrete operational c. formal operational d. sensorimotor Question 4 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Mazie's mom is loving and caring. Her mom sets clear expectations on Mazie's behavior but allows verbal give-and-take. In terms of parenting styles, Mazie's mon can be described as Select one: a. conventional. b. authoritative. c. authoritarian. d. permissive. Question 5 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Tanya, a 14-year-old girl, thinks that she is unique and assumes that other students in her school notice everything about her. She is very confident and takes extra care of her looks. In this scenario, Tanya is exhibiting adolescent Select one: a. invulnerability. b. egocentrism. c. ignorance. d. immaturity. Question 6 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Parents who use the ________ parenting style give strict rules to their children with little discussion of the reasons for the rules. Select one: a. authoritarian b. permissive c. authoritative d. eclectic Question 7 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text A(n) ________ is any agent that causes a birth defect. Select one: a. androgen b. teratogen c. progestogen d. estrogen Question 8 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Oscar, a 4-month-old baby, is a participant of a preferential-looking experiment. Researchers show Oscar two photographs: a photo of his mother and a photo of a female stranger. The photographs are presented repeatedly in differing locations, and the amount of time Oscar spends looking at the photographs is recorded. What will researchers conclude if Oscar shows a reliable preference for the photograph of his mother over that of the stranger? Select one: a. Oscar can discriminate the photograph of his mother from that of the stranger. b. Oscar is afraid of strangers. c. Oscar likes strangers as much as his mother. d. Oscar can't see very well. Question 9 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following is a difference between older and younger adults? Select one: a. Younger adults are usually wiser than older adults. b. Older adults process information faster than younger adults. c. Younger adults do better than older adults in most aspects of memory. d. Older adults take less time than younger adults to remember information about world knowledge. Question 10 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text In a female embryo, what allows for the normal development of female sex organs? Select one: a. high levels of testosterone b. low levels of androgens c. the presence of teratogens d. the absence of teratogens Question 11 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text ________ refers to ways in which people present themselves through their appearance, including hairstyle, clothing choices, voice, and behavior. Select one: a. Gender identity b. Gender expression c. Sexual orientation d. Gendered sexuality Question 12 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text According to Erikson's theory of socioemotional development, establishing ________ is the key challenge of adolescence. Select one: a. an identity b. intimacy with a partner c. generativity d. integrity Question 13 Incorrect 0.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Elijah, a 17-year-old high school junior, is an integral part of the school soccer team. He is a good vocal artist and is part of the school's music club. He is equally passionate about calculus and is an active member of the high school calculus club. However, he is unsure of what he wants to pursue in life. In the context of Marcia's theory of identity status, which of the following is Elijah's identity status? Select one: a. identity confusion b. identity foreclosure c. identity moratorium d. identity achievement Question 14 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Annie, a 20-year-old, is in Erikson's psychosocial development stage of intimacy vs. isolation. Which of the following statements is true of Annie at this particular stage? Select one: a. She will gain the ability to plan for herself, or she will live within the limits of others. b. She will learn to meet the demands of life, or she will start to feel more inferior. c. She will acquire a sense of self, or she will become confused about her role in life. d. She will form meaningful relationships, or she will become socially segregated from others. Question 15 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Thomas's sister passed away in a car accident. He did not experience any sadness when he heard the news or in the days and weeks that followed her death. After a few months, he was hit by an intense wave of sadness and distress. According to the patterns of grief identified by George Bonanno, this scenario illustrates the pattern of grief called Select one: a. chronic dysfunction. b. delayed grief or trauma. c. resilience. d. recovery. Question 16 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text In The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, Charles Darwin stated that the facial expressions of human beings are Select one: a. learned. b. unlikely to have evolved from the emotions of animals. c. innate. d. different in different cultures around the world. Question 17 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following is true of the sympathetic nervous system? Select one: a. It promotes relaxation and healing. b. It prepares the individual for fighting or running away. c. It functions to calm the body. d. When it is activated, heart rate and blood pressure drop. Question 18 Incorrect 0.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following statements is true of optimum arousal theory? Select one: a. It emphasizes the Cannon-Bard theory. b. It states that performance is best under conditions of high arousal rather than moderate arousal. c. It rejects the idea that the human body tends to maintain a steady state. d. It focuses on the Yerkes-Dodson law. Question 19 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text One technique for practicing positive self-reflection is to Select one: a. keep a gratitude journal. b. explicitly focus on trying to be happy. c. avoid failure. d. acquire new possessions. Question 20 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text According to the Freudian structures of personality, which of the following statements is true of the superego? Select one: a. It operates according to the pleasure principle. b. It does not consider whether something is right or wrong. c. It does not consider reality. d. It consists of unconscious drives. Question 21 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text According to Freud's stages of psychosexual development, which of the following statements best indicates that 30-year-old Gayle is fixated at the oral stage? Select one: a. He is excessively concerned about cleanliness. b. He has a puritanical attitude toward sex. c. He is stubborn and prefers simplicity and structure. d. He is addicted to smoking cigarettes. Question 22 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Clarissa always needs to have something in her mouth. She is trying to give up smoking, but she can't get through the day without sucking or chewing on her nails, pencils, or any other object she can get her hands on. Freud would suggest that Clarissa may be fixated at the ________ stage of psychosexual development. Select one: a. anal b. oral c. phallic d. latency Question 23 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Carolyn's parents were extremely religious, and they brought her up with strict moral codes. She was not permitted to have male friends, and even her female friends were not allowed to spend time in their home. In college, Carolyn fell in love and despite her strict upbringing, engaged in premarital sex. In the context of Freud's psychoanalytic theory, which personality structure was most likely responsible for Carolyn's action? Select one: a. superego b. archetype c. id d. ego Question 24 Incorrect 0.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following traits is related to generosity and altruism, to reports of religious faith, and to more satisfying romantic relationships? Select one: a. openness to experience b. extraversion c. conscientiousness d. agreeableness Question 25 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following neurotransmitters is associated with neuroticism? Select one: a. dopamine b. serotonin c. acetylcholine d. GABA [Show Less]
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STRAIGHTERLINE INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY PSY 101 GRADED EXAM 4 - MARCH 2022
Page path • PSY101_MH_V4 • Topic 15: Social Psychology Started on Tuesday, March 1, 2022, 2:05 PM State Finished Completed on Tuesday, March 1, 20... [Show More] 22, 3:04 PM Time taken 58 mins 22 secs Grade 125.00 out of 125.00 (100%) Question 1 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text To feel good about themselves, Samantha and John need to feel good about the groups to which they belong. To improve their self-image, they continually compare their in-groups, the group to which they belong, with out-groups. This example best describes Select one: a. social identity theory. b. social exchange theory. c. positive influences. d. the group polarization effect. Question 2 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following theories states that the way individuals define themselves in terms of their group membership is a crucial part of their self-image and a valuable source of positive feelings about themselves? Select one: a. social exchange theory b. social identity theory c. cognitive dissonance theory d. self-perception theory Question 3 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Individuals who have positive illusions about themselves Select one: a. are judged less positively by others. b. are psychologically less healthy. c. tend to show high levels of psychological well-being. d. display self-views that are rooted in reality. Question 4 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Filip works extremely hard to get a job at LawCorp, a prestigious law firm. He feels that because it is tough to get hired by LawCorp, the firm must be worth it. In the context of cognitive dissonance theory, the scenario best exemplifies Select one: a. effort justification. b. positive illusion. c. self-serving bias. d. normative social influence. Question 5 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Lily does not approve of abortion. She is shocked when she finds out that more than 50 percent of the people in her state hold pro-choice attitudes. This is an example of Select one: a. the self-fulfilling prophecy. b. cognitive dissonance. c. the false consensus effect. d. groupthink. Question 6 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Amelia is known for helping her family members and friends with the ultimate goal of benefiting them, even if it incurs a cost to herself. In this scenario, Amelia's behavior best illustrates Select one: a. altruism. b. egoism. c. reciprocity. d. obedience. Question 7 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Behavior that is meant to harm the social standing of another person through activities such as gossiping and spreading rumors is known as Select one: a. relational aggression. b. institutional aggression. c. overt aggression. d. physical aggression. Question 8 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text A man who slaps his wife during an argument is most likely exhibiting Select one: a. relational aggression. b. subtle aggression. c. overt aggression. d. covert aggression. Question 9 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Remove flag Question text Dave is a handsome and famous celebrity. He has been dating Gabriela, a beautiful and popular actress, for the past two months, but he doesn't feel strongly committed to their relationship. Recently, Dave has been working on a new movie and several women have expressed their interest in getting to know him better. Dave is now contemplating whether he should stay with Gabriela or explore the more tempting alternatives. According to the investment model, what will Dave probably do next? Select one: a. He will ask Gabriela to marry him. b. He will ask Gabriela to move in with him. c. He will stay with Gabriela for at least another year so that he can give their relationship a second chance. d. He will break up with Gabriela and give in to the temptation of dating other women. Question 10 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following defines conformity? Select one: a. a change in a person's behavior to coincide more closely with a group standard b. behavior that resists the explicit demands of an individual in authority c. the ability of a person to overcome a social influence d. unselfish interest in helping another person Question 11 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text ________ refers to the impaired decision making that occurs in a team when making the right decision is less important than maintaining harmony. Select one: a. Group polarization b. Minority influence c. Risky shift d. Groupthink Question 12 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text The effects of others on our behavior can take the form of ________, imitative behavior involving the spread of behavior, emotions, and ideas. Select one: a. egoism b. altruism c. social contagion d. social loafing Question 13 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text ________ is an unjustified negative attitude toward an individual based on the individual's membership in a particular group. Select one: a. Ethnocentrism b. Prejudice c. Discrimination d. Stereotype threat Question 14 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text The tendency to favor one's own cultural group over other groups is called Select one: a. social identity. b. ethnocentrism. c. deindividuation. d. groupthink. Question 15 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text In the context of the theoretical approaches to psychological disorders, the ________ describes psychological disorders as diseases with a biological origin. Select one: a. medical model b. psychological approach c. sociocultural approach d. psychosocial model Question 16 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text In the context of abnormal behavior, which of the following is true of the significance of culture? Select one: a. Culture establishes the norms by which people evaluate their own and oth¬ers' behaviors. b. Culture is usually insignificant with regard to defining what it means to be normal or abnormal. c. Culture matters in simple ways in evaluat¬ing behavior as normal or abnormal. d. Cultural norms are unlikely to be mistaken when they provide guidance about how people should behave. Question 17 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following is true of the delayed maturation hypothesis about the origins of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? Select one: a. It says that individuals with ADHD have brains that develop more slowly than typically developing individuals. b. It says that ADHD is associated with increased cortical thickness. c. It states that individuals with ADHD have more connections between the prefrontal cortex and other brain regions than typically developing individuals. d. It differs from the cognitive approaches to ADHD that emphasize problems in executive function as being the root cause of problems in the lives of those with ADHD. Question 18 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Janet is worried about her son, Patrick. She finds him restless and impulsive. At times, Janet finds it exhausting to handle him because he is high-strung and shows very little concentration during his studies. She has also received several complaints from Patrick's teachers regarding his poor performance in class and his lack of focus. In the context of psychological disorders, it can be inferred that Patrick is exhibiting the symptoms of Select one: a. obsessive-compulsive disorder. b. mild neurocognitive impairment. c. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. d. schizophrenia. Question 19 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) Select one: a. does not seem to have a genetic component because it does not run in families. b. is found in people with high levels of serotonin in their brain pathways. c. is characterized by a nonfunctioning limbic system. d. sometimes occurs during a period of life stress. Question 20 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text All of the following are classified as anxiety disorders, EXCEPT Select one: a. specific phobia. b. panic disorder. c. depression. d. social phobia. Question 21 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Ralph, a therapist, realizes that clients present a wide range of problems, so it makes sense for him to use the best tools in each case rather than to adopt a "one size fits all" program. In this scenario, Ralph is most likely using Select one: a. integrative therapy. b. bottom-up processing. c. confirmation bias. d. the investment model. Question 22 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Neuroleptic drugs Select one: a. are antianxiety drugs. b. reduce schizophrenic symptoms. c. are also called noradrenergic antidepressants. d. cure schizophrenia. Question 23 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Your roommate has been engaging in risky sexual behavior all semester, yet she denies that anything is wrong. She is likely in the ________ stage of the stages of change model. Select one: a. preparation/determination b. contemplation c. termination d. precontemplation Question 24 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text According to the stages of change model, when conscious attention is no longer required to maintain the new, healthy behaviors and such behaviors simply are part of the individual's lifestyle, ________ has been achieved. This occurs during the ________ stage of change. Select one: a. determination/action-willpower b. transcendence/maintenance c. optimistic appraisal/contemplation d. hardiness/preparation Question 25 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Maria's husband was diagnosed with an advanced stage of cancer. Instead of dealing with the threat of cancer, Maria decides to sign her and her husband up for a cruise. Maria is engaging in ________ coping. Select one: a. problem-focused b. objective-focused c. task-focused d. emotion-focused [Show Less]
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