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CLEP AMERICAN GOVERNMENT Exam Bundle
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CLEP American Government-Practice Test
Which of the following is not a standing commit- tee of the United States Congress? - Answer- Investigations Federal district court judges are? - Answe... [Show More] r- Nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate The state officer typically responsible for over-seeing federal elections at the state level is the? - Answer- Secretary of State Most Americans believe that - Answer- everyone should enjoy equal opportunities for personal and material success All of the following are principles upon which the United States Constitution was founded EXCEPT - Answer- All citizens should have the right to keep and bear arms. The Department of Commerce promotes - Answer- international trade and economic growth Which of the following Supreme Court cases re- futed the doctrine of "separate but equal" ? - Answer- Brown v. Board of Education nope - Answer- nope All of the following are typical stances of American liberals EXCEPT - Answer- opposition to the expansion of governmental activity and regulation Which of the following Amendments to the United States Constitution were repealed? I. The 18th Amendment (Prohibition) II. The 4th Amendment (Search and Seizure) III. The 19th Amendment (The Right to Vote) - Answer- I. only Which executive department was created first? - Answer- State Which of the following is NOT considered a civil liberty? - Answer- The right to work Which of the following does NOT actively lobby Congress? - Answer- Political parties The strongest factor contributing to an individual's political socialization tends to be - Answer- Family Which of the following explain why the founders of the Constitution decided upon a bicameral rather than a unicameral legislature? I. It balanced the interests of low- and high- population states by giving smaller states a voice in the Senate that their low popula- tions would not grant them in the House of Representatives. II. Either legislature could block legislation approved by the other, thereby strengthen- ing the American system of checks and balances. III. The House of Representatives was granted responsibility for domestic affairs while the Senate specialized in America's relations with the rest of the world. - Answer- I and II only Which of the following is NOT an example of [Show Less]
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CLEP American Government Practice Test 1 Questions with correct Answers
The Supreme Court's Brown v. Board of Education decision of 1954 - Answer- Ordered the racial desegregation of public schools A person who votes based o... [Show More] n what a candidate says he or she will do in the future is said to be - Answer- engaging in prospective voting Should presidential candidates receive an equal number of electoral votes, the election is decided by - Answer- the House of Representatives A Democracy is - Answer- A form of government in which the people are the ultimate political authority New England's town meetings are an example of - Answer- direct democracy Under the pen name "Publius," Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay wrote - Answer- The Federalist Papers A person who believes that the government should do what the majority of people in the country want to do is advocating - Answer- majoritarianism In the debates over the Constitution, Federalists and anti-federalists spoke of factions the way we today speak of - Answer- interest groups The English philosopher whose words are heavily drawn on in the Declaration of Independence was - Answer- John Locke As the Constitution is concerned, members of Congress receive payment from - Answer- the US Treasury The Constitution specifically empowers Congress to coin money, declare war, and admit new states. These powers are referred to as - Answer- Enumerated powers In which of the nation's founding documents could one point to an "elastic clause" to justify the existence of large government agencies such as the Department of Health and Human Services - Answer- The Constitution The 10th Amendment states that government powers "not delegated to the US by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States," are reserved for - Answer- State legislatures and the people The term administrative discretion refers to - Answer- Congress sets guidelines for government agencies to follow The Real ID Act of 2005 was an example of - Answer- an unfunded mandate What do unanimous consent agreements accomplish - Answer- They end debate in the Senate To overturn a presidential veto - Answer- A 2/3 vote must occur in both Congressional chambers If a president neither signs nor vetoes a piece of legislation within 10 days and Congress remains in session, what becomes of the bill - Answer- It becomes law Gerrymandering is - Answer- creation of a Congressional district to ensure the election of a person from a certain political party or ethnic or racial group Which government position can most easily practice "homestyle" - Answer- Members of the House of Representatives Agreements between the US and foreign nations can be made by a president's admin., but for the agreement to go into effect it must have the concurrence of - Answer- 2/3 of the Senate alone A state's representation in the electoral college most directly reflects - Answer- the combined number of the state's US representatives and senators In times of national emergency, or when the gov. needs to act quickly and flexibly, Congress has done what with its federal powers - Answer- Delegated them to the president According to the Presidential Succession Act of 1947, if both the president and vice president are incapacitated, who rises to the presidency - Answer- The most senior member of the majority party in the Senate The establishment clause - Answer- prohibits the federal government from promoting one religion as the religion of the state The Supreme Court case Engel v. Vitale (1962) - Answer- eliminated prayer organized by public schools [Show Less]
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CLEP Study - American Government Exam with complete solutions
Federalism - Answer- A system in which the power to govern is shared between national and state governments Dual / Layer Cake Federalism - Answer- A sys... [Show More] tem in which national and state governments are competitors with distinct powers. This system was prominent in the US from the during the 19th century until 1937. Cooperative / Marble Cake Federalism - Answer- A system in which national and state government have shared or overlapping powers. FDR's New Deal legislation established this system in the US. Regulatory Federalism - Answer- A system in which the national government sets requirements that are then implemented by state and local governments. Fiscal Federalism - Answer- A system in which the national government provides grants-in-aid to states using conditions to elicit control. New Federalism - Answer- Devolutionary system in which the national government returns tax dollars to the state and local governments primarily in the form of block grants. Federalism - Answer- The negative aspects of this system include: conflicts between state and national government, economic and racial discrimination, uneven enforcement of law, and dominance of local governments by special interest groups Federalism - Answer- The positive aspects of this system include: diversity/diffusion of power, more access points for political participation, fostering of experimentation and innovation, and allowing local governments to manage local problems effectively Federal - Answer- This type of government suits a large country with a diverse population Enumerated Powers - Answer- Powers specifically outlined in the Constitution as assigned to one branch of government. Article II - Answer- This article of the Constitution establishes the Executive Branch. Categorical Grant - Answer- Federal grants in which the recipient has little discretion over how the money is spent. The national government sets narrowly defined rules for use of funds and often requires the states or local governments to provide matching funds. These grants account for 90% of federal aid dollars. Examples include Head Start, Food Stamps, Medicaid, and the Interstate Highway System Block Grant - Answer- Federal grants in which the recipient has a lot of discretion over how the money is spent. These grants are issued in support of general government functions such as education and law enforcement. Project Grant - Answer- Federal categorical grants in which the granting agency has much discretion over how the recipient spends the money. Formula Grant - Answer- Federal categorical grants in which the granting agency has less discretion over how the recipient spends the money. Commander in Chief - Answer- The President's role in the armed forces which during the 20th century has allowed Presidents to circumvent Congress' refusal to declare war. State of the Union - Answer- Constitutionally required address by the President typically given in a joint session of Congress. President - Answer- Constitutionally empowered to appoint judges, ambassadors, and other high officials President - Answer- Constitutionally empowered to make treaties with foreign countries. Senate - Answer- President requires their approval to appoint judges, ambassadors and other high officials. Grant Clemency - Answer- This customary power allows the President to grant reprieves and pardons for federal offenses. 35 years old - Answer- Age requirement for President 14 years - Answer- Number of years a President must reside in the US prior to taking office Pyramid Model - Answer- Presidential management model in which the Chief of Staff plays a prominent role as the head of a military style chain of command. Used successfully by Reagan and Eisenhower. Hub and Spoke Model - Answer- Presidential management model requiring the President to have strong leadership skills and a keen eye for detail. FDR and JFK were well known for this style of leadership. Ad Hoc Structure - Answer- Presidential management model in which corporate CEO tactics are used employing committees, task forces, and special advisors. Successfully utilized by Clinton and G W Bush. Max Weber - Answer- German sociologist theorized that the engine of government needs bureaucracies to provide expertise in a way that short-term elected or appointed official cannot. Bureaucracy - Answer- The structure and set of regulations in place to control activity, usually in large organizations and government. it is represented by standardized procedure (rule-following) that dictates the execution of most or all processes within the body, formal division of powers, hierarchy, and relationships. National Security Council - Answer- The executive office established in response to intelligence lapses during WWI. Oversees American foreign policy and includes the President, Vice President, Secretary of State, Secretary of Defense and is lead by the National Security Advisor. Council of Economic Advisors - Answer- 3 person executive panel responsible for helping the President develop an economic plan for the nation. Office of Management and Budget - Answer- Executive office responsible for helping the President write the federal budget and monitoring federal spending. US Trade Representatives - Answer- Executive office responsible for negotiating trade with foreign powers. 15 - Answer- Number of current cabinet positions under GW Bush. 3 - Answer- Number of original cabinet positions under George Washington. Labor - Answer- Cabinet department responsible for collective bargaining and union activity. Established in 1913 Housing and Urban Development - Answer- Cabinet department responsible for insuring mortgages and providing housing subsidies. Established in 1965 Agriculture - Answer- Cabinet department responsible for managing school lunch programs and food safety. Established in 1862. Commerce - Answer- Cabinet department responsible for regulating and promoting trade and maintaining the census Established in 1913.. Energy - Answer- Cabinet department oversees nuclear reactors.Established in 1973 in response to the Energy Crisis. Homeland Security - Answer- Cabinet department that includes the Coast Guard, Border Patrol, FEMA, Transportation Security Administration, INS and the Secret Service. Established in 2001 in response to 9/11. Interior - Answer- Cabinet department responsible for the management of public lands, wildlife, natural resources, and Native American affairs. Established in 1849 Transportation - Answer- Cabinet department that includes the FAA and the National Hwy Traffic Safety Administration. Established in 1966. Governmental Corporations - Answer- Corporations formed by the government to act as a business to produce a product or service. Often monopolies with varying degrees of independence. Regulatory Agencies - Answer- Independent agencies governed by an appointed and confirmed commission. Examples include the Food and Drug Administration, Environmental Protection Agency, and the Securities and Exchange Commission. Legislative - Answer- Government branch established in Article I of the Constitution. Bicameral - Answer- Legislative branch incorporating two houses. Senate - Answer- Legislative house responsible for impeachment trials. 2 - Answer- Number of Senators elected at large per state, 17th - Answer- Amendment that delegated the election of Senators to popular vote. Senate - Answer- Legislative house whose membership was intended to represent the state. Filibuster - Answer- Form of obstruction in the Senate where an attempt is made to infinitely extend debate upon a proposal in order to delay the progress or completely prevent a vote on the proposal taking place. Vice President - Answer- Presides over the Senate without voting privileges except in the case of a tie. President Pro Tempore - Answer- Presides over the Senate in the absence of the Vice President. Position awarded to the longest serving Senator from the majority party. 3rd in line of succession for the Presidency. Conference Committee - Answer- A joint committee of Congress established to help negotiate discrepancies and gain consensus between legislation passed in each house before sending the bill to the President. House of Representatives - Answer- Legislative house whose members were intended to represent the people. 435 - Answer- Total number of Representatives apportioned to the states based on population and reapportioned with the census every 10 years Speaker of the House - Answer- Leader of the House of Representatives, elected by the majority party. 2nd in line of succession for the Presidency. Select Committee - Answer- Committees appointed for investigative or crisis situations. Joint Committee - Answer- Committees that pull members from both the house and the senate who meet to discuss major policy issues such as economy and taxation. Standing Committees - Answer- The most important committees, always assembled and delegated with the responsibility of handling all bills under their concern. Includes the Ways and Means, Appropriations, Budget, Rules and Agriculture Committees. Rules Committee - Answer- This powerful House committee is in charge of determining under what rule other bills will come to the floor. Ways and Mean Committee - Answer- This House committee is responsible for all taxes, tariffs, and other revenue raising measures in addition to social security, child support, Medicare, foster care, and unemployment. Whips - Answer- Assistants to the Majority and Minority Leaders of both the House and Senate. Article III - Answer- Constitutional Article that establishes the Judicial Branch. 9 - Answer- Number of justices of the Supreme Court. Chief Justice - Answer- Head of the Supreme Court. Impeachment - Answer- Method by which federal court judges may lose their position. Presidential Veto - Answer- Executive Check on the Legislative Branch. Judicial Review - Answer- Judicial Check on Legislative Branch. Not specifically outlined in the Constitution, but established in the case of Marbury v. Madison through the application of the Supremacy Clause in Article VI. Freedom of Information Act - Answer- 1966 Act allowing citizens to inspect all government records with the exception of classified military or intelligence documents, trade secrets or private personnel files. Administrative Procedure Act - Answer- 1946 Act requiring bureaucratic agencies to appeal to the affected parties before adopting new policies. Legislative check on Bureaucracy. Privacy Act - Answer- 1974 Act mandating that all government files about private citizens be kept confidential. Open Meeting Law - Answer- 1976 Law requiring all governmental agency meetings to be open to the public unless classified information will be discussed. Legislative - Answer- This branch of government checks Bureaucracy through its control over the creation and elimination of agencies as well as its control over budget appropriations. House of Representatives - Answer- Tax legislation must originate in this house. Resolutions - Answer- Legislative opinions on a matter that do not require Presidential signature. Executive - Answer- This branch of government checks Bureaucracy through its control over budget and appointments of leadership. Judicial - Answer- This branch of government checks Bureaucracy through its control over lawsuits filed against the agency. Hyperpluralism - Answer- the fundamental flaw in plural theory contends that pluralism weakens the backbone of democracy with too many common interest groups attempt to wield power, often leading to standstill because of unwillingness to compromise. Elite and Class Theory - Answer- A pluralist theory by C. Wright Mills where a small number of wealthy elite wield most of the power. Fundamental to all governments around the world, the elite rule while they make the lower classes feel like they are involved in democracy. The elite work to "dumb" down the population in order to stay in control. They also use aversion to divert the attention of the masses from the real problems. Pluralist Theory - Answer- Theory of democracy in which competition among common interest groups promote ideas to influence politics Articles of Confederation - Answer- Under this governing document, national government lacked authority to set up tariffs, regulate commerce, levy taxes, control international relations, establish common currency Magna Carta - Answer- This influential English document signed by King John in 1215 limited the absolute power of the monarchy, est [Show Less]
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CLEP American Government Exam 2023
primary election - Answer- an election that narrows the field of candidates before an election for offce direct democracy - Answer- a form of democracy ... [Show More] in which people decide policy initiatives directly oligarchy - Answer- a form of power structure in which power effectively rests with a small number of people Power - Answer- an American crime drama television series airing on Starz political power - Answer- In social science and politics, the ability to influence or outright control the behavior of people limited government - Answer- a concept in political philosophy in which governmental power is restricted by law, usually in a written constitution bureaucracy - Answer- a body of non-elective government offcials and/or an administrative policy-making group representative democracy - Answer- a type of democracy founded on the principle of elected offcials representing a group of people, as opposed to direct democracy Authority - Answer- can be used to mean the right to exercise power given by the State , or by academic knowledge of an area theocracy - Answer- or ecclesiocracy is a form of government in which a deity is the source from which all authority derives United States Constitution - Answer- the supreme law of the United States of America limited government - Answer- a concept in political philosophy in which governmental power is restricted by law, usually in a written constitution constitutional amendment - Answer- refers to the modification of the constitution of a nation or state legislature - Answer- a deliberative assembly with the authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country or city Bill of Rights - Answer- the collective name for the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution nullification - Answer- in United States constitutional history, is a legal theory that a state has the right to nullify, or invalidate, any federal law which that state has deemed unconstitutional Great Depression - Answer- a severe worldwide economic depression that took place during the 1930s bicameral - Answer- A bicameral legislature is one in which the legislators are divided into two separate assemblies, chambers or houses judicial branch - Answer- the system of courts that interprets and applies the law in the name of the state sovereign nation - Answer- is understood in jurisprudence as the full right and power of a governing body to govern itself without any interference from outside sources or bodies legislative branch - Answer- a deliberative assembly with the authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country or city Fourteenth Amendment - Answer- was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments New Deal - Answer- was a series of social liberal programs enacted in the United States between 1933 and 1938, and a few that came later state official - Answer- someone who holds an office in an organization or government and participates in the exercise of authority Interest groups - Answer- Advocacy groups use various forms of advocacy in order to influence public opinion and/or policy Issue networks - Answer- an alliance of various interest groups and individuals who unite in order to promote a single issue in government policy bureaucracy - Answer- a body of non-elective government officials and/or an administrative policy-making group New Deal - Answer- a series of social liberal programs enacted in the United States between 1933 and 1938, and a few that came later Conflict - Answer- In literature, the literary element is an inherent incompatibility between the objectives of two or more characters or forces Bureaucrats - Answer- a member of a bureaucracy and can compose the administration of any organization of any size, although the term usually connotes someone within an institution of government Red tape - Answer- an idiom that refers to excessive regulation or rigid conformity to formal rules that is considered redundant or bureaucratic and hinders or prevents action or decision-making Political socialization - Answer- the study of the developmental processes by which people of all ages and adolescents acquire political cognition, attitudes, and behaviors Rational choice theory - Answer- also known as choice theory, is a framework for understanding and often formally modeling social and economic behavior Public opinion - Answer- The desires, wants, and thinking of the majority of the people - or the collective opinion of the people of a society or state on an issue or problem public opinion polls - Answer- An opinion poll, sometimes simply referred to as a poll, is a human research survey of public opinion from a particular sample limited government - Answer- a concept in political philosophy in which governmental power is restricted by law, usually in a written constitution sampling error - Answer- In statistics, this is incurred when the statistical characteristics of a population are estimated from a subset, or sample, of that population Nationalism - Answer- is a shared group feeling in the significance of a geographical and sometimes demographic region seeking independence for its culture or ethnicity that holds that group together" frame of reference - Answer- In physics, this consists of an abstract coordinate system and the set of physical reference points that uniquely fix the coordinate system and standardize measurements Separation of Church and State Doctrine - Answer- a concept defining the distance in the relationship between organized religion and the nation state right of privacy - Answer- a human right and an element of various legal traditions which may restrain both government and private party action that threatens the privacy of individuals Jim Crow laws - Answer- were state and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States Affirmative Action - Answer- is the policy of favoring members of a disadvantaged group who currently suffer or historically have suffered from discrimination within a culture Americans with Disabilities A [Show Less]
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CLEP | American Government | Test 1 (solved)
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT A STANDING COMMITTEE OF THE UNITED STATED CONGRESS? (A) AGRICULTURE (B) APPROPRIATIONS (C) VETERAN'S AFFAIRS (D) INV... [Show More] ESTIGATIONS (E) BUDGET - Answer- D. Investigations A PERSON WHO VOTES BASED ON WHAT A CANDIDATE SAYS HE OR SHE WILL DO IN THE FUTURE IS SAID TO BE: (A) ENGAGING IN RETROSPECTIVE VOTING (B) RESPONDING TO ATTACK ADS (C) RESPONDING TO CONTRAST ADS (D) ENGAGING IN PROSPECTIVE VOTING (E) RESPONDING TO NAME RECOGNITION - Answer- D. engaging in prospective voting SHOULD PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES RECEIVE AN EQUAL NUMBER OF ELECTORAL VOTES, THE ELECTION IS DECIDED BY: (A) THE LEGISLATURES OF MAINE AND NEBRASKA (B) A CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION (C) THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (D) THE SENATE (E) THE SUPREME COURT - Answer- C. the House of Representatives "A FORM OF GOVERNMENT IN WHICH THE PEOPLE ARE THE ULTIMATE POLITICAL AUTHORITY." THESE WORDS BEST DEFINE WHAT POLITICAL ARRANGEMENT? (A) REPUBLICANISM (B) DEMOCRACY (C) ONE PERSON, ONE VOTE (D) CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY (E) MOBOCRACY - Answer- B. Democracy NEW ENGLAND'S TOWN MEETINGS ARE EXAMPLES OF: (A) A PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM (B) OGLIGARCHY (C) DIRECT DEMOCRACY (D) DEMOCRATIC SOCIALISM (E) CONCURRENCE - Answer- C. direct democracy UNDER THE PEN NAME "PUBLIUS," ALEXANDER HAMILTON, JAMES MADISON, AND JOHN JAY WROTE: (A) THE FEDERALIST PAPERS (B) THE ANTI-FEDERALIST PAPERS (C) COMMON SENSE (D) LEVIATHAN (E) SECOND TREATISE ON GOVERNMENT - Answer- A. The Federalist Papers FEDERAL DISTRICT COURT JUDGES ARE: (A) NOMINATED BY THE PRESIDENT AND CONFIRMED BY THE SENATE. (B) NOMINATED BY THE CHIEF JUSTICE AND CONFIRMED BY THE SENATE. (C) ELECTED BY STANDING JUDGES OF THE SAME CIRCUIT. (D) NOMINATED BY A SENATOR AND CONFIRMED BY THE ENTIRE SENATE. (E) ELECTED BY THE CITIZENS OF THE DISTRICT IN WHICH THEY WILL SERVE. - Answer- A. nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. IN THE 17TH CENTURY, THE SIGNERS OF WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DOCUMENTS AGREED TO LIVE UNDER THE COLONY'S RECOGNIZED AUTHORITY AND TO WAIT FOR A ROYAL CHARTER, SUCH AS THE VIRGINIANS HAD? (A) THE MAYFLOWER COMPACT (B) THE MAGNA CARTA (C) THE FEDERALIST (D) THE ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS (E) THE MARSHALL PLAN - Answer- A. the Mayflower Compact A PERSON WHO BELIEVES THAT THE GOVERNMENT SHOULD DO WHAT THE MAJORITY OF THE PEOPLE IN THE COUNTRY WANT TO DO IS ADVOCATING: (A) LIBERTARIANISM (B) PLURALIST THEORY (C) POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY (D) ELITE THEORY (E) MAJORITARIANISM - Answer- E. majoritarianism THE STATE OFFICER TYPICALLY RESPONSIBLE FOR OVERSEEING FEDERAL ELECTIONS AT THE STATE LEVEL IS THE: (A) SECRETARY OF STATE (B) ATTORNEY GENERAL (C) STATE AUDITOR (D) GOVERNOR (E) STATE TREASURER - Answer- A. Secretary of State. THE PURPOSE OF THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE IS TO: (A) DECIDE IN DISPUTES BETWEEN THE EXECUTIVE AND JUDICIARY BRANCHES (B) CHOOSE THE U.S. PRESIDENT (C) BREAK THE TIE VOTES IN THE SENATE (D) PROMOTE HIGHER EDUCATION (E) REGULATE STATE ELECTION POLICIES - Answer- B. choose the U.S. president MOST AMERICANS BELIEVE THAT: (A) THE NEEDS OF THE INDIVIDUAL SHOULD BE SUBORDINATE TO THOSE OF THE COMMUNITY (B) EVERYONE SHOULD ENJOY EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR PERSONAL AND MATERIAL SUCCESS (C) THE GOVERNMENT SHOULD PROVIDE FREE HEALTHCARE FOR ALL CITIZENS (D) THE GOVERNMENT RATHER THAN INDUSTRY SHOULD BE RESPONSIBLE FOR NATIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (E) CONGRESS RATHER THAN THE PRESIDENT SHOULD DETERMINE FOREIGN POLICY - Answer- B. everyone should enjoy equal opportunities for personal and material success. ALL OF THE FOLLOWING ARE PRINCIPLES UPON WHICH THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION WAS FOUNDED EXCEPT: (A) EVERY STATE IS EQUAL AND THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT CANNOT GIVE SPECIAL RIGHTS TO AN INDIVIDUAL STATE (B) THERE SHOULD BE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT TO MAKE, EXECUTE, AND INTERPRET THE NATION'S LAWS. (C) ALL MEN ARE EQUAL BEFORE THE LAW REGARDLESS OF SOCIAL STANDING (D) THE BEST GOVERNMENT IS A GOVERNMENT BY LAWS NOT BY MEN (E) ALL CITIZENS SHOULD HAVE THE RIGHT TO KEEP AND BEAR ARMS - Answer- E. All citizens should have the right to keep and bear arms. THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE PROMOTES: (A) DOMESTIC AGGREGATE DEMAND AND SUPPLY (B) INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH (C) FAIR PRICES AND STABLE MARKETS FOR PRODUCERS AND CONSUMERS (D) IMPROVED TECHNOLOGY THROUGH RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND DEMONSTRATION (E) BETTER WORKING CONDITIONS AND IMPROVED RELATIONS BETWEEN LABOR AND MANAGEMENT - Answer- B. international trade and economic growth. IN THE DEBATES OVER THE CONSTITUTION, THE FEDERALISTS AND ANTI-FEDERALISTS SPOKE OF "FACTIONS" THE WAY WE TODAY SPEAK OF (A) DELEGATES (B) EARMARKS (C) EXECUTIVE ORDERS (D) INTEREST GROUPS (E) CAUCUSES - Answer- D. interest groups WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING SUPREME COURT CASES REFUTED THE DOCTRINE OF "SEPARATE BUT EQUAL"? (A) BAKER V. CARR (B) MCCULLOCH V. MARYLAND (C) GARCIA V. SAN ANTONIO (D) BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION (E) MIRANDA V. ARIZONA - Answer- D. Brown v. Board of Education THE U.S. CONSTITUTION REQUIRES THAT POLITICAL AUTHORITY BE DIVIDED AMONG THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT. THIS IS REFERRED TO AS: (A) THE SEPARATION OF POWERS (B) CHECKS AND BALANCES (C) CLOTURE (D) STARE DECISIS (E) the wall of separation - Answer- A. the separation of powers THE ENGLISH PHILOSOPHER WHOSE WORDS ARE HEAVILY DRAWN ON IN THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE WAS: (A) THOMAS HOBBES (B) JOHN LOCKE (C) EDMUND BURKE (D) DAVID HUME (E) ADAM SMITH - Answer- B. John Locke ALL OF THE FOLLOWING ARE TYPICAL STANCES OF AMERICAN LIBERALS EXCEPT (A) SUPPORT FOR ABORTION RIGHTS (B) CONCERN FOR THE RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED (C) RESISTANCE TO STATE INVOLVEMENT WITH RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS. (D) SUPPORT FOR INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS SUCH AS THE UNITED NATIONS (E) OPPOSITION TO THE EXPANSION OF GOVERNMENTAL ACTIVITY AND REGULATION - Answer- E. opposition to the expansion of governmental activity and regulation. INSOFAR AS THE CONSTITUTION IS CONCERNED, MEMBERS OF CONGRESS RECEIVE PAYMENT FOR THEIR WORK FROM (A) THEIR POLITICAL PARTIES (B) THEIR STATE LEGISLATURES (C) THE U.S. TREASURY (D) POLITICAL GIFTS (E) INTEREST GROUPS - Answer- C. the US Treasury WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING AMENDMENTS TO THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION WERE REPEALED? I. THE 18TH AMENDMENT (PROHIBITION) II. THE 4TH AMENDMENT (SEARCH AND SEIZURE) III. THE 19TH AMENDMENT (THE RIGHT TO VOTE) (A) I ONLY (B) II ONLY (C) I AND II ONLY (D) II AND III ONLY (E) I, II, AND III - Answer- A. I only (The 18th Amendment [Prohibition]) THE VICE PRESIDENT OF THE U.S. IS THE PRESIDENT OF WHAT GOVERNMENT BODY? (A) FEDERAL JUDICIARY (B) SENATE (C) HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (D) DEPT. OF HOMELAND SECURITY (E) MILITARY - Answer- B. Senate WHAT IS THE MINIMUM AGE SPECIFIED IN THE CONSTITUTION FOR MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES? (A) 18 (B) 20 (C) 25 (D) 28 (E) 30 - Answer- C. 25 WHICH EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT WAS CREATED FIRST? (A) COMMERCE [Show Less]
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CLEP American Government Practice Test 2 Questions and Answers
Where in the Constitution does Congress locate its authority to oversee gov. bodies not mentioned in the Constitution, such as the Department of Education ... [Show More] - Answer- Necessary and proper clause Powers claimed by the president but NOT expressly called for in the Constitution are called - Answer- inherent powers Which of the following stipulates that Congress may NOT put in place an official religion - Answer- Establishment clause The redistricting in the states of seats for the US Representatives is determined by - Answer- census figures on state populations Sometimes the federal gov hands over to commercial enterprises work formerly done by gov employees. This is known as - Answer- privatization The Pendleton Act of 1883 was the first law to - Answer- make some government jobs off-limit to patronage Presidents are elected every _ years, representatives every _ years, and senators every _ years - Answer- 4,2,6 Which executive department writes and enforces rules that regulate some element of industry - Answer- Independent agencies The US Postal Service is a government corporation that sells services, thus generating - Answer- its own revenue Organizations within the fed bureaucracy ensure that congressional legislation, presidential policies, and court decisions are adhered to. This process is called - Answer- rule administration The policy-making relationship btw lobbyists, Congress, and the federal bureaucracy in which everyone involved wins is called - Answer- the iron triangle In the 1990s, welfare programs funded by the fed gov were largely given to the states to adminsiter. This is an example of - Answer- devolution The "fourth branch of government" - Answer- The media An easily digestible policy statement is often referred to as - Answer- a talking point During elections, the media tends to focus on who is winning, who is losing, and the gamesmanship of campaigning. What is this journalistic style called? - Answer- Sensationalism What is the substance of the tv hypotheses - Answer- Television makes one feel informed when he or she really isn't The Real ID Act of 2005 was an - Answer- unfunded mandate Within the Supreme Court, the "rule of four' describes the number of justices needed to - Answer- accept a case for judicial review The signing of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 dramatically increased the number of - Answer- immigrants from Asia and Latin America The philosopher whose work most influenced the thinking of the Constitution's framers about political checks and balances and separation of political powers was - Answer- Montesquieu When the media deliver infotainment in place of serious reflection on policy matters, they are indulging in - Answer- Market-driven journalism What document begins with "We the People of the United States..." - Answer- The US Constitution Pundits are - Answer- Professional commentators Those in media who choose what is ultimately published or broadcasted are called - Answer- gatekeepers The basic purpose of Political Action Committees (PACs) is to - Answer- pool funds and donate them to political candidates [Show Less]
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American Government Clep Test Questions with correct Answers
Which of the following statements best reflects the pluralist theory of American politics? - Answer- Public policies emerge from compromises reached among ... [Show More] competing groups. Which of the following is generally the most significant influence on an individual's identification with a particular political party? - Answer- Family Which of the following committee assignments would confer the most power and influence on members of the House of Representatives? - Answer- Ways and means committee Which of the following statements about Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka is correct? - Answer- It declared segregation by race in public schools unconstitutional. Prior to the Voting Rights Act of 1965, literacy tests were used by some southern states to - Answer- Prevent African Americans from exercising their right to vote The practice whereby individual senators can veto federal judicial nominations in their respective states is called - Answer- Senatorial courtesy Differences between House and Senate versions of a bill are resolved in - Answer- A conference committee Which of the following principles protects a citizen from imprisonment without trial? - Answer- Due process The passage of legislation in Congress often depends on mutual accommodations among members. This suggests that, to some extent, congressional behavior is based on - Answer- The principle of reciprocity Which of the following statements accurately describes the president's veto power? - Answer- A president can threaten to veto a bill that is under discussion in order to influence congressional decision making. Congress is usually unable to override a president's veto All of the following issues were decided at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 - Answer- -Representation in the legislature -The method of electing the president -The congressional power to override a presidential veto -Qualifications for members of the House and Senate Which of the following is an example of soft money? - Answer- Money given to a political party for advertisements about the party's goals The usefulness to the president of having cabinet members as political advisers is undermined by the fact that - Answer- Cabinet members are often divided between the loyalty to the president as well as their own executive departments All of the following are constitutional rights that neither the federal government nor the state can restrict. The right to - Answer- -Remain silent during questioning -Be represented by counsel -Be informed of the charges pending -Receive a trial by jury in a criminal case In the electoral history of the United States, third parties have been effective vehicles of protest when they - Answer- Dramatized issues and positions that were being ignored by major parties Which of the following best defines the term "judicial activism"? - Answer- The attempts by judges to influence public policy through their case decisions. In the past 30 years, the single most important variable in determining the outcome of an election for a member of the House of Representatives has been - Answer- incumbency Which of the following best describes the concept of federalism embodied in the United States government? - Answer- The constitution divides power between a central government and its constituent governments with some powers being shared. High levels of political party participation have been found to be positively associated with - Answer- -High level of interest in politics -A sense of political efficacy -A strong sense of civic duty The power of the Rules Committee in the House of Representatives primarily stems from its authority to - Answer- Limit the time for debate and determine whether amendments to a bill can be considered Which of the following is a function of the White House office? - Answer- Advising the president on political decisions A major difference between political parties and interest groups is that interest groups - Answer- Do not occupy a place on the ballot An election is realigning or critical election if - Answer- There is a lasting change in party coalition Which of the following Supreme Court cases involved the principle of one person, one vote? - Answer- Baker v. Carr The passage of broad legislation that leaves the making of specific rules to the executive branch is an example of - Answer- Delegated authority The redrawing of congressional districts in such a way as to give special advantage to one political party is referred to as - Answer- Gerrymandering The details of legislation are usually worked out in which of the following settings? - Answer- A subcommittee A theoretical explanation of the operation of diverse interests in American politics is found in - Answer- the Federalist Papers The framers of the original Constitution thought that which of the following would best protect judicial independence? - Answer- Life tenure during good behavior Which of the following activities of American labor unions is permissible by law? - Answer- Engaging in strikes Which of the following best describes the relationship between socioeconomic status and participation in politics? - Answer- The higher one's socioeconomic status, the greater the probability of active involvement in the political process One important change in political culture since the Second World War is that United States citizens - Answer- Are less trusting of government institutions and leaders In judicial appointments at the Federal level - Answer- -They are evaluated by the American Bar Association and the Federalist society -If a senator is a member of the president's political party, they can exercise an informal veto over an individual being considered from the senator's state -Individuals are usually from the president's political party -Federal judgeships are often considered by president's as patronage positions Which of the following agencies determines the domestic monetary policy of the U.S.? - Answer- The Federal Reserve Board Under which of the following conditions are interest groups most likely to influence policy making? - Answer- When the issue is a highly technical one requiring very detailed legislation All of the following help explain the president's difficulty in controlling cabinet-level agencies EXCEPT - Answer- The President cannot dismiss appointees after they have been confirmed by the Senate In the Constitution as originally ratified in 1788, the provisions regarding which of the following most closely approximate popular, majoritarian democracy? - Answer- Election of members of the House of Representatives The most likely and often the most powerful policy coalition of interests is likely to include a federal agency plus which of the following? - Answer- An interest group and a congressional subcommittee Throughout most of the twentieth century, which of the following was most likely to occur in midterm congressional elections? - Answer- The party would lose seats in Congress, regardless of the political party they belong to. Delegates to the Republican and Democratic national conventions are primarily chosen - Answer- in primaries Which of the following political philosophers most influenced the writing of the United States Constitution? - Answer- Locke The concept of responsible party emphasizes which of the following about elections? - Answer- Political parties will take clear, ambiguous positions. Which of the following is a difference between the House of Representatives and the Senate? - Answer- The Senate has the exclusive power to ratify treaties. Which of the following is a difference between the House of Representatives and the Senate? - Answer- The Senate has the exclusive power to ratify treaties. Which of the following was a consequence of the New Deal legislation passed during the Great Depression under the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt? - Answer- The federal government became a more important agent of change than in prevision presidential administrations. Congressional oversight is best described as - Answer- Monitoring the federal bureaucracy The differences between the political attitudes of men and women is called - Answer- The gender gap According to the Constitution, which of the following decides the presidential election outcome in the event that a single candidate does not get a majority of electoral votes? - Answer- The House of Representatives If the vice presidency of the United States is vacated, the Constitution stipulates that the president must - Answer- Appoint a new vic [Show Less]
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American Government CLEP Exam 2023 Questions with Verified Answers
Which of the following best explains the consistent growth of the federal bureaucracy over the past hundred years? (A) Increases in federal income tax sin... [Show More] ce 1925 (B) The inability of Congress to cut programs (C) The success of Democratic presidents in promoting their policies (D) Public demand for, and expectation of, social services (E) United States Supreme Court rulings requiring Congress to assist those living in poverty - Answer- Public demand for, and expectation of, social services Public opinion is given a lot of attention in democracies because the democratic form of government rests on (A) underwriting by the wealthy (B) access to politicians (C) the consent of the governed (D) mobilization of the poor (E) the capabilities of bureaucrats - Answer- (C) the consent of the governed 3. An oral statement that is false and intended to damage an individual is known as (A) slander (B) libel (C) testimony (D) argument (E) free speech - Answer- (A) slander 4. Which of the following is clearly a task charged to the Federal Reserve as a regulatory agency? (A) Protecting market users and the public from fraud, manipulation and abusive practices related to the sale of commodity and financial futures and options (B) Eliminating and preventing what regulators perceive to be harmfully anticompetitive business practices, such as coercive monopolies (C) Disclosing campaign-finance information and overseeing the public funding of presidential elections (D) Developing government-wide, cost-minimizing policies and offering superior workplaces, expert solutions, acquisition services and management policies (E) Providing financial services to depository institutions, the United States government and foreign institutions, as well as playing a key role in operating the nation's payments system - Answer- (E) Providing financial services to depository institutions, the United States government and foreign institutions, as well as playing a key role in operating the nation's payments system Although the Constitution does not explicitly give Congress the right to enact a military draft, which clause in the Constitution allows Congress to do so? (A) Necessary and proper clause (B) Take care clause (C) Taxing and spending clause (D) Due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment (E) Equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment - Answer- (A) Necessary and proper clause The formation of numerous interest groups during the post-Civil War industrialization shows the (A) influence of debates about slavery on the public (B) growing influence of women's rights groups (C) minimal influence of the federal government on group formation (D) influence of social tensions and economic stress on group formation (E) shift in federal government funding for interest groups - Answer- (D) influence of social tensions and economic stress on group formation Which of the following statements best reflects the pluralist theory of American politics? (A) American politics is dominated by a small elite. (B) Public policies emerge from cooperation among elites in business, labor, and government. (C) Public policies emerge from compromises reached among competing groups. (D) American politics is dominated by cities at the expense of rural areas. (E) The American political arena is made up of isolated individuals who have few group affiliations outside the family. - Answer- (C) Public policies emerge from compromises reached among competing groups. Which of the following is generally the most significant influence on an individual's identification with a particular political party? (A) Religious affiliation (B) Family (C) Level of education (D) Television (E) The party identification of the incumbent president - Answer- (B) Family . Which of the following committee assignments would confer the most power and influence on members of the House of Representatives? (A) Agriculture (B) Ways and Means (C) Veterans' Affairs (D) Armed Services (E) Education and Labor - Answer- (B) Ways and Means Which of the following statements about Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka is correct? (A) It declared segregation by race in the public schools unconstitutional (B) It established the principle of one person, one vote. (C) It required that citizens about to be arrested be read a statement concerning their right to remain silent. (D) It declared Bible reading in the public schools unconstitutional. (E) It declared segregation by race in places of public accommodation unconstitutional. - Answer- (A) It declared segregation by race in the public schools unconstitutional Prior to the Voting Rights Act of 1965, literacy tests were used by some southern states to (A) determine the educational achievement of potential voters (B) prevent African Americans from exercising their right to vote (C) assess the general population's understanding of the Constitution (D) hinder the migration of northerners (E) defend the practice of segregation - Answer- (B) prevent African Americans from exercising their right to vote The practice whereby individual senators can veto federal judicial nominations in their respective states is called (A) logrolling (B) preferential treatment (C) senatorial prerogative (D) senatorial courtesy (E) judicial selection - Answer- (D) senatorial courtesy Differences between House and Senate versions of a bill are resolved (A) in a conference committee (B) by the Rules committees of both chambers (C) in subcommittee hearings (D) by the president before the bill is signed into law (E) during the bill's markup phase - Answer- (A) in a conference committee Which of the following principles protects a citizen from imprisonment without trial? (A) Representative government (B) Separation of powers (C) Due process (D) Checks and balances (E) Popular sovereignty - Answer- (C) Due process The passage of legislation in Congress often depends on mutual accommodations among members. This suggests that, to some extent, congressional behavior is based on (A) ideological divisions (B) partisan division (C) the principle of reciprocity (D) deference to state legislatures (E) norms of seniority - Answer- (C) the principle of reciprocity All of the following are constitutional rights that neither the federal government nor the states can restrict EXCEPT the right to (A) remain silent during questioning (B) be represented by counsel (C) be indicted by grand jury (D) not be tried for the same offense twice (E) receive a trial by jury in a criminal case - Answer- (C) be indicted by grand jury . In the electoral history of the United States, third parties have been effective vehicles of protest when they (A) aligned themselves with one of the major parties (B) presented innovative programs in Congress (C) dramatized issues and positions that were being ignored by the major parties (D) chose the president by depriving either of the major parties of an electoral college victory (E) supported a political agenda that appealed especially to women - Answer- (C) dramatized issues and positions that were being ignored by the major parties Which of the following best defines the term "judicial activism"? (A) The tendency of judges to hear large numbers of cases on social issues (B) The efforts of judges to lobby Congress for funds (C) The unwillingness of judges to remove themselves from cases in which they have a personal interest (D) The attempts by judges to influence election outcomes (E) The attempts by judges to influence public policy through their case decisions - Answer- (E) The attempts by judges to influence public policy through their case decisions In the past 30 years, the single most important variable in determining the outcome of an election for a member of the House of Representatives has been (A) incumbency (B) the candidate's personal wealth (C) the previous political office the candidate held in the district (D) the candidate's membership in the political party of the president (E) the candidate's positions on key social issues - Answer- (A) incumbency Which of the following best describes the concept of federalism embodied in the United States government? (A) The Constitution divides power between a central government and its constituent governments, with some powers being shared. (B) The Constitution grants all governmental powers to the central government, which may delegate authority to state governments. (C) State governments join together and form a central government, which exists solely by approval of the state governments. (D) The central government creates state governments. (E) State governments are sovereign in all matters except foreign policy, which is reserved to the central government. - Answer- (A) The Constitution divides power between a central government and its constituent governments, with some powers being shared. The power of the Rules Committee in the House of Representatives primarily stems from its authority to (A) choose the chairs of other standing committees and issue rules for the selection of subcommittee chairs (B) initiate all spending legislation and hold budget hearings (C) limit the time for debate and determine whether amendments to a bill can be considered (D) determine the procedures by which nominations by the president will be approved by the House (E) choose the president if no candidate wins a majority in the electoral college - Answer- (C) limit the time for debate and determine whether amendments to a bill can be considered An election is a realigning or critical election if (A) one party controls the Congress and the other controls the presidency (B) voter turnout is higher than expected (C) it occurs during a major war (D) there is a lasting change in party coalitions (E) the same party controls both Congress and the presidency - Answer- (D) there is a lasting change in party coalitions Which of the following Supreme Court cases involved the principle of one person, one vote? (A) Baker v. Carr (B) Roe v. Wade (C) Mapp v. Ohio (D) Korematsu v. United States (E) Gideon v. Wainwright - Answer- (A) Baker v. Carr A theoretical explanation of the operation of diverse interests in American politics is found in (A) the Virginia Plan (B) John Stuart Mill's On Liberty (C) The Federalist papers (D) the Declaration of Independence (E) John Locke's Two Treatises of Government - Answer- (C) The Federalist papers The framers of the original Constitution thought that which of the following would best protect judicial independence? (A) Presidential nomination and senatorial confirmation (B) The circuit-riding system (C) An odd number of Supreme Court justices (D) Judicial impeachments (E) Life tenure during good behavior - Answer- (E) Life tenure during good behavior Which of the following best describes the relationship between socioeconomic status and participation in politics? (A) The lower one's socioeconomic status, the more likely it is that one will run for public office. (B) The higher one's socioeconomic status, the greater the probability of active involvement in the political process. (C) Adults who are unemployed have a greater personal interest in policy and tend to participate more actively in politics than do employed adults. (D) People in the lower socioeconomic status are the most likely to vote. (E) There is no relationship between socioeconomic status and political participation. - Answer- (B) The higher one's socioeconomic status, the greater the probability of active involvement in the political process. One important change in political culture since the Second World War is that United States citizens have become (A) less trusting of governmental institutions and leaders (B) less likely to think of themselves as ideologically moderate (C) less likely to support civil rights (D) more likely to believe that their actions can influence government policy (E) more trusting of non governmental institutions and leaders - Answer- (A) less trusting of governmental institutions and leaders . All of the following statements correctly describe judicial appointments at the federal level EXCEPT: (A) Congress nominates and confirms all appointments to the federal judiciary (B) Federal judicial appointments are typically evaluated by the American Bar Association or the Federalist Society. (C) If a senator is a member of the president's party, tradition may allow the senator to exercise an informal veto over an individual being considered from the senator's state. (D) Presidents seldom recommend for judicial appointment individuals from the opposition political party. (E) Federal judgeships are often considered by presidents as patronage positions [Show Less]
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American Government CLEP : Major Supreme Court Cases Exam Questions and Answers
Marbury vs. Madison (1803) - Answer- Supreme Court decision in which the court first exercised the power of judicial review. Fletcher vs. Peck (1810) - ... [Show More] Answer- First Supreme Court case in which a state law was ruled unconstitutional McCulloch vs. Maryland (1819) - Answer- Federal organizations couldn't be taxed by state institutions (Maryland could not tax national bank) Trustees of Dartmouth College vs. Woodward (1819) - Answer- Private charters are protected by the Constitution. Cohens vs. Virginia (1821) - Answer- Supreme Courts have Jurisdiction to review all cases involving powers/rights of the Federal Government. Gibbons vs. Ogden (1824) - Answer- Rules that only the Federal Government can control interstate commerce, not individual states. Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia (1831) - Answer- Declared the Cherokee a dependent domestic nation possessing some Sovereignty. Worcester vs. Georgia (1832) - Answer- Ruled that Georgia had no right to interfere with Cherokee territory, only the Federal Government. Commonwealth vs. Hunt (1842) - Answer- Declared that labor unions were lawful organizations and that the strike was a lawful weapon. Workers have the right to organize. Dred Scott vs. Sandford (1857) - Answer- Rules that slaves were property and remained slaves, even when taken to free territories/states. They had no rights in court and were not citizens. Ex Parte Milligan (1866) - Answer- Ruled that a civilian cannot be tried in military courts while civil courts are available during wartime. Munn vs. Illinois (1877) - Answer- Allowed states to regulate certain businesses that affected public interest within their borders when federal policy is absent. Wabash, St. Louis, and Pacific Railway Co. vs. Illinois (1886) - Answer- Declared that state-passed Granger laws regulating interstate commerce were unconstitutional. Only the Federal Government can. U.S. vs. E. C. Knight Co. (1895) - Answer- Manufacturing is not the same as commerce. (First case under Sherman Antitrust Act) Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896) - Answer- Supreme Court ruling that allowed local and state governments to pass and enforce segregation laws. Established "separate but equal" segregation doctrine between the races. Northern Securities Co. vs. U.S. (1904) - Answer- A holding company owning stock of competing railroads violates the Sherman Antitrust Act. Lochner vs. New York (1905) - Answer- Supreme Court ruled that states could not restrict ordinary workers' hours. "Right to free contract". Muller vs. Oregon (1908) - Answer- Upheld the law stating women could only work for 10 hours per day. Schenck vs. United States (1919) - Answer- Case involving limits on free speech. Established the "clear and present danger" principle. No freedom is absolute. Adkins vs. Children's Hospital (1923) - Answer- Ruling that removed workplace protection and invalidated a minimum wage for women. Korematsu vs. U.S. (1944) - Answer- Stated that the government held the right to imprison citizens during wartime emergencies. (Japanese-Americans WW2) Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) - Answer- Ended the segregation of public schools. Stated it was a violation of the 14th amendment. Repealed Plessy vs. Ferguson. Mapp vs. Ohio (1960) - Answer- Evidence illegally gathered by the police is invalid in a criminal trial Baker vs. Carr (1962) - Answer- The Court decision saying districts must be roughly equal in population. 1 person = 1 vote. Every vote and person had the same value. Gideon vs. Wainwright (1963) - Answer- Declared that a person charged with a felony must be provided with a lawyer during a trial. Reynolds vs. Sims (1964) - Answer- State legislative districts should be equal in population (one Man one vote). Escobedo vs. Illinois (1964) - Answer- If requested, an accused person has the right to have a lawyer present during questioning before an indictment is made. New York Times vs. Sullivan (1964) - Answer- To libel a public figure, there must be "actual malice" proven. Miranda vs. Arizona (1966) - Answer- The accused have the right to remain silent and must be notified of their rights before being questioned by the police. Roe vs. Wade (1973) - Answer- A woman has the right to an abortion. Legalized abortion. University of California vs. Bakke (1978) - Answer- Affirmative action discriminating against whites only because of their race is unconstitutional. Quota systems ruled unconstitutional. Garcia vs. San Antonio (1985) - Answer- Requires that employers provide minimum wage and overtime pay to their employees. [Show Less]
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American Government Clep – Terms Questions and Answers
Three Branches of Government - Answer- Judicial, Executive, Legislative Check and Balances - Answer- Having two parties compete for the same power to ke... [Show More] ep each in line. Majority Leader - Answer- Second or principle deputy to the Speaker of the House. Minority Leader - Answer- Leader of the party of opposition in the House. Whips - Answer- Deputies who hold an administrative position in each of the two main parties. Supreme Court - Answer- Interprets the meaning of the Constitution and applies it to actual situations. Lobbyist - Answer- Paid individuals whose job is to convince Congress members to vote one way or another on bills. Constitutional Convention - Answer- An 1787 gathering in Independence Hall of representatives from the states which abolished the Articles of Confederation and wrote the Constitution. It created the federal system, three branches of government, two chambers legislation and 3/5 representation of slaves. Declaration of Independence. - Answer- A document passed by the Second Continental Congress in 1776 declaring the Independence of the 13 colonies and creation of the United States. Federalism - Answer- A governmental system in which each citizen is subject to two governments. In the United States it's the Federal and state government. Incumbent - Answer- A person who currently holds an office. Federalist Papers - Answer- A series of essays written by James Madison, John Jay and Alexander Hamilton in Support of the passage of the Constitution. Jim Crow Laws - Answer- A series of laws passed in the South after the Civil War which promoted segregation and racism. Lemon Test - Answer- A set of requirements addressing legislative actions involving in religion. General Welfare Clause - Answer- Allows Congress to collect taxes to be used for the protection and general welfare of the citizens. Elastic Clause - Answer- Allows Congress to pass all laws considered necessary and proper to preform their responsibilities. Also called the necessary and proper clause. Commerce Clause - Answer- Allows Congress to regulate trade with foreign nations and between individual states. We the People Clause - Answer- Another name for the Preamble to the Constitution. Supremacy Clause - Answer- Clause in the Constitution which declares that the Constitution and laws made by the Federal Government are the "supreme law of the land." Casework - Answer- Congressional representative's efforts to help a constituent (voter,elector) resolve a problem with the Federal bureaucracy. Uniformity Clause - Answer- Declares that all taxes be uniform throughout the United States. Reserved Powers Clause - Answer- Declares that powers and rights not given to Congress by the Constitution are held by the states and citizens. Comity Clause - Answer- Explains that citizens of one state have the same rights as citizens of other states. Guarantee Clause - Answer- Guarantees Republican governments in each state. Block Grant - Answer- Money awarded to a specific state by the Federal Government with general provision on how it is to be used. Catergorical Grant - Answer- Money awardee to a specific state by the Federal Government with specific provisions on how it is to be spent. Hard Money contributations - Answer- Money legally donated to a specific candidate used for the purpose of campaigning. Maximum hard money donations are limited by law. Soft Money Contirbutions - Answer- Money which is donated to political parties for "party building" purposes, often used by candidates to evade hard money limitations. Implied Powers - Answer- Powers which a person takes to be implies or allowed due to the express powers they hold. Express Powers - Answer- Powers which are specifically stated or authorized by law. Established Clause - Answer- Prohibits Congress from passing laws "respecting an establishment of religion." Writ of Habeas Corpus - Answer- Protects individuals from being held without charge. Reapportionment - Answer- Redistribution of Congressional seats after each census. Gerrymandering - Answer- Redrawing voting districts to give one party or person an unfair advantage. Realignment - Answer- Shifts or changes in public opinion. Bill of Rights - Answer- The first 10 Amendments to the Constitution. Legislative Powers - Answer- Sole law making bod [Show Less]
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