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Medical Terminology-CBMT Music therapy Exam Questions and Answers 2023, Graded A+
Aphasia Inability to communicate , impaired language Process Apraxia Inability to perform motor activities despite adequate cognition and motor sk... [Show More] ills Ataxia Lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movement , staggering gait Auto-Immunity Immune system attacking the body Bilabial Speech sound A sound articulated using both lips (p,b,m) Broca's Area Area of the brain responsible for producing language and articulating speech Automatisms The performance of actions without conscious thought or intent Contractures Abnormally reduced joint movement due to shortened muscles Degeneration Breakdown of tissue Dysarthria Weak facial muscles cause speech difficulties Dyspraxia Difficulty planning and coordinating movements expressive aphasia output (written/verbal) problems, inability to form words Flaccidity weakness or paralysis due to poor muscle tone Gait Small rapid shuffle breaking into a run, risk of falling Hemiplegia Paralysis of one side of the body Hyperactivity State of excess activity such as fidgeting,jumpiness or excessive movement Hypokinesia decreased movement impulsivity Behaviour characterised by little or no forethought, reflection or consideration of consequences Kinesthetic perceptual abilities ability to sense body position and movement of body parts as a relative to each other. Labile Affect Uncontrollable episodes of involuntary crying and/or laughing Left Neglect ignoring anything to the left of your body Paraplegia Paralysis of lower extremities, legs and trunk Proprioception the inability to sense stimuli arising within the body regarding position, motion and equilibrium. Quadriplegia Paralysis of four limbs and trunk Receptive aphasia Comprehension problems, Inability to understand words Spasticity Stiffness of muscles due to exaggerated Muscle tone Startle reflex possible response to loud abrupt sound in a comatose patient Tactile Defensiveness Unable to cope with physical touch [Show Less]
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CBMT Exam Prep Questions and Answers 2023, Graded A+
Binary Form simplest music form; consists of a question and answer section Ternary Form ABA form Rondo Form ABACA form Sonata Form ... [Show More] ABA; derived from ternary form; used by classical and early romantic composers exposition - development - recapitulation Minuet and trio Form progression from ternary form. Follows simple ABA form with a contrasting middle "trio" section ABA CDC ABA Fugue Form a contrapuntal form, beginning with an initial theme/"subject" and is successively taken up by other parts Strophic Form AAA; the same music is repeated with every stanza of the poem 12 Bar Blues I I I I IV IV I I V IV I I AAB form Major Pentatonic Scale 1 2 3 5 6 Guitar string order (top to bottom) E A D G B E Theme and Variation Form theme is presented and then altered in some way Arch form ABCBA; symmetrical structure within which a unit of music progresses toward a midpoint and then more or less retraces its steps Clave rhythm a syncopated rhythmic pattern, played on the claves, in rumba, son, salsa, etc. 2-3 Tango rhythm 4/4 music from Argentina; 3-3-2 Waltz rhythm Music in triple meter 3/4, European style, such as Gershwin rubato flexibility or stretching of tempo, which works against the idea of structure ostinato a musical pattern that is repeated, providing melodic structure in form, rhythm, and melody ritenuto immediately slower secondary dominant an altered chord having dominant relationship to a chord in a key other than the tonic typically preceding a specific chord grave slow and solemn largo slow and broad adagio slow lento slow allegretto not as fast as allegro andante walking moderato moderate/medium allegro fast vivo/vivace lively and brisk presto very fast Ionian mode same as major scale (C-D-E-F-G-A-B-C) Dorian mode natural minor with a raised 6 (C-D-Eb-F-G-A-Bb-C) Phrygian mode natural minor with a lowered 2 (C-Db-Eb-F-G-Ab-Bb-C) Lydian mode major scale with raise 4 (C-D-E-F#-G-A-B-C) Mixolydian mode A major scale with the 7th lowered a half step (C-D-E-F-G-A-Bb-C) Aeolian mode natural minor scale (C-D-Eb-F-G-Ab-Bb-C) Locrian mode Flat 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 (C-Db-Eb-F-Gb-Ab-Bb-C) open G tuning D G D G B D open D tuning D A D F# A D impressionism a movement among various composers in Western classical music whose music focus on mood and atmosphere Pioneered by Debussy and Ravel. Accountability the process by which one is responsible and answerable for obligations to a set of constituencies Assessment appraisal or observation of a person's strengths and weaknesses in preparation for treatment planning data-based model an approach based on information retrieved through experimentation or direct observation generalization the process of transferring or applying responses to a different set of stimuli, new setting or another behavior empathy the sense of understanding another person's feeling, ideas and desires by placing oneself into the other's frame of reference goal expected therapeutic outcome; a purpose or direction for therapy objective an expected outcome of therapy which defines the goal in clearly observable and measurable behaviors (SMART) target behavior a behavior or set of behaviors which provide the focus of therapy identified in the therapeutic goal or behavioral objective termination the final stage of therapy which should include evaluation of progress, a plan for phasing out and/or ending therapy, recommendations for the future and a follow-up plan insight the self-knowledge of personal issues, primarily regarding the dynamics and roots of symptoms rapport closeness or trust which is considered conducive to a warm understanding and caring environment assessment tool a test, device, form, or instrument which is developed for the purpose of measuring strengths and weaknesses in a given area iso principle music is matched with the mood of a client, then gradually altered to affect the desired mood state. This can also be used to affect physiological responses such as heart rate and blood pressure episodic memory the collection of past personal experiences that occurred at a particular time and place semantic memory a network of associated facts and concepts that make up our general knowledge of the world working memory a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory long-term memory the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences sustained attention the ability to maintain attention to a selected stimulus for a prolonged period of time selective attention the ability to focus on only one stimulus from along all sensory input divided attention ability to perform multiple tasks at the same time; multitasking alternating attention the ability to move or alternate attention back and forth from one stimulus to another abduction movement away from the midline of the body adduction movement toward the midline of the body CNS (central nervous system) consists of the brain and spinal cord cerebrum area of the brain responsible for all voluntary activities of the body cerebellum structure of the brain that controls fine motor skills extension straightening a body part flexion bending a body part pronation movement that turns the palm down supination movement that turns the palm up chaining teaching a complex response by linking together less complex skills shaping guiding behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior fading the process of gradually altering the intensity of a stimulus explicit memory the act of consciously or intentionally retrieving past experiences implicit memory retention independent of conscious recollection -things people don't purposely try to remember; unconscious and unintentional successive approximations behaviors which gradually resemble the target behavior or terminal objective classical conditioning Pavlovian technique pairing neutral stimulus with a meaningful stimulus; learning by association operant conditioning B.F. Skinner; the consequences of a response determine the probability of it being repeated -behavior rewarded=repeated -behavior punished=less frequent/stops [Show Less]
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CBMT Mock Exam 1 Questions and Answers 2023, Graded A+
A patient exhibits distracted, unfocused behaviors during a final session. To BEST meet the client's immediate needs prior to discharge, the therapist shou... [Show More] ld focus on the clients feelings about termination. A 10-year-old music therapy client with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) has met all music goals, and the music therapist presents his discharge summary at her agency's weekly staffing. In other therapists, the client has made very little progress and remains defiant and resistive. The music therapist should collaborate with other professionals to target generalization of behaviors in music therapy to other setting. When completing a behavioral assessment, information relating ONLY to behaviors observed, not interpretation, is considered objective. A music therapist has completed an assessment on a patient who has Parkinson's disease. The patient was referred for treatment of dysarthria. When planning a music therapy treatment program, the therapist should focus on oral motor control. A school music teacher refers an 8-year-old boy to the school's music therapist because he is "uncooperative and unfocused," "disruptive during class," and "always wanting to playthings his own way." The music therapist should FIRST schedule an assessment of the child. Which of the following music experiences BEST promotes spatial awareness for a group of adults which developmental disabilities? facilitating structured movement through live music. A music therapist is assigned to conduct an initial assessment for a 12-year-old who is blind and walks with a cane. Which of the following rooms would BEST enable the therapist to conduct a comprehensive assessment for this client? large room with a concrete floor and two couches set up against the wall. An objective reads: "Within 6 weeks, the client will demonstrate on-task behavior by playing the drum for 2 consecutive minutes in three of four trials." Which of the following data collection procedures will BEST document the clients progress toward this objective? Record the amount of time the client engages in drum playing for each trial. A music therapist is facilitating group cooperation and decision making by using songwriting. A group member with low self-esteem often provides entire verses of lyrics which ignoring other members' suggestions. To facilitate the group goals, the therapist should structure the task to promote an equal response from each group member. A music therapist with basic guitar skills wants to accompany a song written in the key of Ab major, using Ab, Db, and Eb7 chords. To allow for the use of all first position chords and only minimally affect the songs vocal register, the song should be transposed to the key of G Major A teenage client diagnosed with a conduct disorder was referred to music therapy for anger management. During assessment, the client is angry about being required to attend music therapy and states he likes gangsta rap. The music therapist is not familiar with gangsta rap, but dislikes rap music. The BEST action for the therapist is to familiarize herself with gangsta rap to find music to which the client can relate. An individual has the following duster of symptoms: - failure to develop peer relationships appropriate to developmental level. - apparently inflexible adherence to specific, nonfunctional routines or rituals. - general delay in language - delay in cognitive development or in the development of age-appropriate self-help skills, adaptive behavior, or curiosity about the environment in childhood. Which of the following is the specific diagnostic label? autism spectrum disorder. When working to sustain the attention of a child during a medical procedure, the MOST important attribute of the music to consider is rate of change. A 14-year-old boy is referred to an outpatient music therapy group. The group is learning to play a 12-bar blues pattern using guitars, keyboards, and drums. The client's records indicate low self-esteem and difficulty processing auditory information. To engage the client quickly in the group, the therapist should play a drum along with the client in a steady beat. A 13-year-old client with autism is brought to his initial music therapy session. According to his record, he shows tactile defensiveness and has limited verbal ability. On entering the room, he walks around its perimeter looking at his hand as he runs it along the wall. In the room, there is a piano, a drum, and a xylophone. Which of the following is the BEST initial approach to working with his client? Observe and musically reflect his responses to the environment. A song on the guitar in the key of C needs to be transposed to the key of Eb. Using first position fingering in the key of C, the therapist needs to place the capo on the 3rd fret. A physical therapy department is developing a wellness exercise program. The physical therapists ask the music therapist to assist them in selecting music for use during exercises. To represent the BEST collaborative effort, the music therapist should suggest that the music therapist co-lead the exercises with the clients. At the conclusion of treatment, the music therapist should document all of the following EXCEPT the client's family history. A music therapist has recently started to work in a forensic setting. The music therapist was given very clear instructions concerning safety of the clients no instruments can be brought onto the unit, including guitar, keyboard, and percussion instruments. Which of the following is the BEST action for the therapist to take? Adhere to the instructions. For several months, a music therapist has conducted weekly sessions with a 45-year-old woman in outpatient oncology. They have been compiling a musical CD for her three young children as a legacy. Prior to completion of the CD, the patient is suddenly discharged to contact hospice and arrange for transition to the facility's music therapist. Which of the following statements made by a music therapist is subjective? "The client was angry and had difficulty tolerating the session." A music therapy production is planned for presentation to clients, staff, and guests at an institution. The music therapist is asked to design a printed program providing recognition to the participating clients. The therapist must ensure that clients whose names are to be printed have signed a written release form. While working with a child, the music therapist raises her eyebrows when the child reaches for a mallet, which is an off-task behavior. The child immediately pulls her hand away. The therapist has communicated limits. A client in a residential facility is absent from a regularly scheduled music therapy group. After the music therapist investigates the reason for the client's absence, the NEXT step is to document the absence. A music therapist has been hired by a facility to establish a new music therapy program. Which of the following would be the MOST effective way to seek referrals? Conduct a music therapy in-service for the facility staff and encourage referrals. During an initial music therapy assessment of an individual who is comatose, the presentation of loud and abrupt auditory stimuli is used to assess the startle reflex. In order to target the goal of increasing reality orientation in a client with a diagnosis of a major dissociative disorder, a music therapist should use which of the following techniques? improvisation, songwriting and singing A music therapy intern is considering referring a client to her clinical supervisor because the client demonstrates behaviors reminiscent of the intern's own domineering older sister. The client's behaviors are eliciting reactions in the intern that are reflective of her own relationship with her sister. In order to assist the intern's professional development, the clinical supervisor should suggest that the intern examines how her countertransference is limiting her therapeutic objectivity. Confidential information from a music therapy assessment and treatment plan may be revealed under all of the following circumstances EXCEPT when the client's insurance company requests it. Musical assessment of executive functions in a patient with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) can BEST be achieved by creating an original composition. During a music therapy assessment, a client with late-stage dementia changed her facial expression several times, hummed parts of a familiar melody, made eye contact with the therapist, and attempted to play a hand drum. She was unresponsive to other stimuli in the environment. Which of the following would be the BEST treatment recommendation for this client? 1. individual sessions emphasizing sensory awareness and stimulation 2. a small rhythm group emphasizing group cohesiveness 3. a music appreciation group emphasizing reminiscence and life review 4. individual sessions emphasizing reality orientation 1. individual sessions emphasizing sensory awareness and stimulation In an educational setting, all of the following are sources for assessment data EXCEPT 1. the school records. 2. client consultation. 3. peer interview. 4. clinical observation. 3. peer interview. The music therapist does not agree with a treatment team decision regarding client treatment. Which of the following is the BEST action for the therapist to take? 1. Adhere to the treatment team decision despite the therapist's disagreement. 2. Express disagreement and independently revise the treatment plan. 3. Disregard the treatment plan and proceed based on best professional judgment. 4. Work to resolve the issue with the treatment team. 4. Work to resolve the issue with the treatment team. A client with dysphasia should be referred to which of the following professionals? 1. Physician 2. speech/language pathologist 3. physical therapist 4. occupational therapist 2. speech/language pathologist During a music therapy session, a 52-year-old inpatient describes his plans to kill his ex-wife. The music therapist should 1. maintain confidentiality and not share this information with anyone. 2. not frighten his wife by calling her but contact his wife's family and request that they tell her in person. 3. post the patient's intention on the internet to warm the public of the potential threat. 4. consult federal, state, and local regulations and organizational policies and procedures to determine what to do. 4. consult federal, state, and local regulations and organizational policies and procedures to determine what to do. When conducting research, a music therapist should do which of the following? 1. Omit any information which may discourage participation in the advertisement to recruit research participants. 2. Obtain consent from participants when using deception in research. 3. Obtain informed consent from participant prior to their involvement in the study. 4. Collaborate with funding agencies who may potentially benefit financially from outcomes. 3. Obtain informed consent from participant prior to their involvement in the study. When an initial referral is received for a music therapy assessment in a hospital setting, what intake information about the patient should the music therapist obtain FIRST? 1. insurance provider, status, and length of coverage 2. name, medical record or ID number, and date of birth 3. only the family's explanation and perspective of the current medical situation psychological and educational needs 2. name, medical record or ID number, and date of birth A music therapist wishes to obtain assessment data on a school age girl who is in foster care. The child has been recommended for music therapy services in her home. The music therapist should use which of the following resources? 1. reports from her primary teacher 2. questionnaire completed by a foster parent 3. interview with the biological mother 4. observation of the child in the home environment 1. reports from her primary teacher, 2. questionnaire completed by a foster parent & 4. observation of the child in the home environment Which of the following is a language disorder which affects the ability of a patient with a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) to accurately relay information during an initial music therapy assessment? 1. Aphasia 2. Ataxia 3. Dysphagia 4. dyslexia 1. Aphasia A music therapist is playing a CD with lively music that contains a driving beat. A young client who has never been known by the therapist to have a seizure experiences one during this intervention. Which of the following is the BEST course of action for the music therapist in response to this occurrence? 1. Conclude that the seizure was caused by the music and discontinue music therapy. 2. Discontinue music therapy until the child is evaluated by a neurologist. 3. Continue music therapy and recommend that the client see a doctor for medication. 4. Continue with the intervention and let the teacher know that the client had a seizure during music therapy. 2. Discontinue music therapy until the child is evaluated by a neurologist. A client has recently been admitted to a psychiatric facility with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. The client comes to a group music therapy session exhibiting sleepiness and sluggish demeanor. Which of the following MOST likely accounts for this presentation? 1. side effects of newly prescribed medication 2. symptoms of depression 3. symptoms of mania 4. symptoms of anxiety 1. side effects of newly prescribed medication and 2. symptoms of depression. Which of the following chord diagrams represents a I, IV, V7 chord progression on the guitar in the key of C? 1. D, G, A7 2. C, F, G7 3. E, A, B7 4. Em, Am, D7 2. C, F, G7 While completing an assessment on a patient who is 10-days post stroke, the music therapist interviews the spouse to get more information. The spouse reports that the patient does not enjoy music and is not a good candidate for music therapy. The music therapist should 1. discontinue the music therapy assessment and make recommendations to another type of therapy. 2. continue the assessment to determine if music can be used effectively with the patient. 3. use only non-musical assessment tools to avoid agitating the patient. 4. discuss the spouse's comment with the treatment learn and make a team decision on how to continue. 2. continue the assessment to determine if music can be used effectively with the patient. When practicing "universal precautions," a music therapist should 1. work with sick patients in isolation from healthy patients. 2. anticipate differing levels of precautions based on patient diagnosis. 3. group together the HIV positive patients. 4. wear gloves when in contact with any patient's bodily fluids. 4. wear gloves when in contact with any patient's bodily fluids. The MOST discriminating musical experience to assess a client's fine motor skills would be to ask the client to 1. play a scale on the piano. 2. strum the strings on an Autoharp. 3. imitate rhythms on the tambourine. 4. march and clap in rhythm to a song. 1. play a scale on the piano. Which of the following must a music therapist following best practice adhere to? 1. Stay informed about current research evidence for clinical treatment. 2. Stay current with regulations related to reimbursements for treatment. 3. Assure that the best line of musical instruments is available to the facility. 4. Include functional non-musical behaviors in assessment and documentation. 1. Stay informed about current research evidence for clinical treatment, 2. Stay current with regulations related to reimbursements for treatment and 4. Include functional non-musical behaviors in assessment and documentation. Which of the following is the MOST structured group songwriting experience? 1. Ask clients to write a melody and lyrics in their favorite style of music. 2. Break the group into pairs and ask the clients to write lyrics to a melody of their choice. 3. Ask clients to write lyrics about their treatment and match the lyrics to a familiar melody. 4. Ask clients to fill in the blanks to a familiar song where key words have been deleted. 4. Ask clients to fill in the blanks to a familiar song where key words have been deleted. A music therapist engages a client in a stress-relieving exercise that involves tensing and relaxing various parts of the body while listening to client-preferred sedative music. This technique is known as 1. systematic desensitization. 2. progressive muscle relaxation. 3. autogenic training. 4. applied relaxation training. 2. progressive muscle relaxation. Which of the following is the BEST way to assess a client's rhythmic stability? 1. Instruct the client to maintain a rhythmic ostinato. 2. Ask the client to reproduce a rhythmic pattern after a 2-minute interval. 3. Ask the client to imitate various rhythmic patterns. 4. Have the client initiate various rhythmic patterns. 1. Instruct the client to maintain a rhythmic ostinato. Under HIPAA Privacy Rules, the music therapist must remove which of the following types of data when "de-identifying" client information? 1. the client's street address 2. the client's social security number 3. the client's state of residence 4. the client's email address 1. the client's street address 2. the client's social security number and 4. the client's email address. A music therapist is working to increase a patient's vital lung capacity. This goal would MOST commonly be addressed in which of the following conditions? 1. Alzheimer's disease 2. Williams syndrome 3. Renal failure 4. Quadriplegia 4. Quadriplegia A music therapist utilizing the behavioral model or approach might utilize which of the following techniques? 1. free association 2. task analysis 3. Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation 4. autogenic relaxation 2. task analysis Which of the following statement reports objective information about a client? 1. "The client threw the maraca toward the therapist." 2. "The client played the maraca with obvious enjoyment." 3. "The client deliberately threw the maraca on the floor." 4. "The client plays the maraca when she is in a good mood." 1. "The client threw the maraca toward the therapist." [Show Less]
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Music Theory for CBMT Questions and Answers 2023, Graded A+
I Tonic ii Supertonic iii Mediant IV Subdominant V dominant vi Submediant vii leading tone 12 bar b... [Show More] lues I, I, I, I, IV, IV, I, I, V, IV, I, I Blues Scale a major scale in which the 3rd, the 7th, and sometimes the 5th degrees are lowered 1 b3 4 b5 5 b7 Minor 2nd 1 half step Major 2 2 half steps minor 3 3 halfsteps Perfect 4th A perfect interval identifies the distance between the first note of a major scale and the unison, 4th, 5th or octave. Only those intervals can be given the extra attached name as "perfect". PU/PP/P1 = Perfect Unison/Perfect Prime. P4 = Perfect Fourth. P5 = Perfect Fifth. Augmented 4th 6 halfsteps A type of tritone in musical composition comprising six semitones. It spans four diatonic scale degrees like a perfect fourth but with an extension of a semitone. Perfect 5th a perfect fifth is the musical interval corresponding to a pair of pitches with a frequency ratio of 3:2, or very nearly so. In classical music from Western culture, a fifth is the interval from the first to the last of five consecutive notes in a diatonic scale. minor 6th 8 half steps a sixth is a musical interval encompassing six staff positions (see Interval number for more details), and the minor sixth is one of two commonly occurring sixths. Major 6th 9 half steps interval encompassing six note letter names or staff positions (see Interval number for more details), and the major sixth is one of two commonly occurring sixths. ... The major sixth spans nine semitones. Its smaller counterpart, the minor sixth, spans eight semitones. Minor 7th 10 half steps minor seventh is one of two musical intervals that span seven staff positions. ... Minor seventh intervals rarely feature in melodies (and especially in their openings) but occur more often than major sevenths. Major 7th 11 half steps a seventh is a musical interval encompassing seven staff positions (see Interval number for more details), and the major seventh is one of two commonly occurring sevenths. It is qualified as major because it is the larger of the two. circle of fifths In music theory, the circle of fifths is the relationship among the 12 tones of the chromatic scale, their corresponding key signatures, and the associated major and minor keys Minor # Circle of Fifths Eating Bad Frogs(#) Can(#) Give(#) Dogs(#) Anxiety(#) Major # Circle of Fifths Good Dogs Always Eat Bad Frogs(#), (C)See(#) Minor (Flat) Circle of Fifths Dumb Girls Cry From Being(b) Emotional(b) Alcoholics(b) Major (Flat) Circle of Fifths Fine Boys(b) Eat(b) Apples(b) Dumb(b) Girls(b) Cry(b) Harmonic Minor Scale minor scale with raised 7th scale degree ascending and descending Melodic Minor Scale a minor scale with raised 6th and 7th scale degrees ascending Sharpened 6 and 7, but reverted to naturals when descending Flats BEADGCF 1234567 Sharps FCGDAEB 1234567 Dynamics Degrees of loudness or softness in music pianissimo piano mezzo-piano mezzo-forte forte fortissimo Very Soft Soft moderately soft moderately loud loud very loud Consonance Consonance is associated with sweetness, pleasantness, and acceptability two pitches create an agreeable sounds, giving the impression of unity and conhesion dissonance dissonance is associated with harshness, unpleasantness, or unacceptability. two pitches created a disagreeable sound that would suggest a need for resolution Triads Chordal stacking 135 CEG Arpeggio the notes of a chord played in succession, either ascending or descending. broken chord is a chord broken into a sequence of notes. A broken chord may repeat some of the notes from the chord and span one or more octaves. An arpeggio is a type of broken chord, in which the notes that compose a chord are played or sung in a rising or descending order. seventh chord chord consisting of a root, 3rd, 5th, and 7th A seventh chord is a chord consisting of a triad plus a note forming an interval of a seventh above the chord's root. When not otherwise specified, a "seventh chord" usually means a dominant seventh chord: a major triad together with a minor seventh cadence a cadence is "a melodic or harmonic configuration that creates a sense of resolution [finality or pause]." A harmonic cadence is a progression of two chords that concludes a phrase, section, or piece of music cadences are divided into four main types, according to their harmonic progression: authentic (typically perfect authentic or imperfect authentic), half, plagal, and deceptive. Authentic Cadence (AC) V-I Many times, a seventh is added to the V chord for an even stronger resolving sound. Authentic cadences are generally classified as perfect or imperfect. In a perfect authentic cadence (PAC), the chords are in root position, meaning the roots of both chords are in the bass. Plagal Cadence (PC) IV-I is a cadence from the subdominant (IV) to the tonic (I). is when a subdominant chord solves directly in the tonic, without passing through the dominant. Perfect Authentic Cadence (PAC) perfect authentic cadence (PAC), the chords are in root position, meaning the roots of both chords are in the bass. In addition, the tonic is will be in the highest voice of the final chord. This is generally considered the strongest type of cadence. Imperfect Authentic Cadence Root Position IAC: Similar to a perfect authentic cadence, but the highest voice is not the tonic. Inverted IAC: Similar to a perfect authentic cadence, but one or both chords are inverted. Leading Tone IAC: The V chord is replaced with the leading tone (viio) chord, but the cadence still ends on the tonic (I). Half Cadence (HC) half cadence is any cadence ending on the dominant (V), regardless of which chord precedes it. Because it sounds incomplete or suspended, the half cadence is considered a weak cadence that calls for a continuation. Rarely do half cadences end a piece, but they are found many times in the first half of a chorus or verse. Deceptive Cadence (DC) A deceptive cadence is a progression in which the dominant chord (V) resolves to a chord other than the tonic (I). Ionian C-C same as major scale the mode represented by the natural diatonic scale C-C (the major scale). is a musical mode or, in modern usage, a diatonic scale also called the major scale. Dorian D- same as natural minor scale with raised 6th scale degree. mode represented by the natural diatonic scale D-D (containing a minor 3rd and minor 7th). Dorian mode or Doric mode can refer to three very different but interrelated subjects: one of the Ancient Greek harmoniai, one of the medieval musical modes, or, most commonly, one of the modern modal diatonic scales, corresponding to the white notes from D to D, or any transposition of this. Phyrigian E- same as natural minor scale with lowered 2nd scale degree. The Phrygian Mode is another minor type scale (it has a b3) but has a strong Spanish or ethnic flavours because of the b2 scale tone. It is less a commonly used mode, though is used in some modern jazz theory concepts. Lydian F- same as major scale with raised 4th scale degree Lydian mode is a seven-tone musical scale formed from a rising pattern of pitches comprising three whole tones, a semitone, two more whole tones, and a final semitone. Mixolydian G- same as major scale with lowered 7th scale degree. The Mixolydian Mode is type of major scale (it has a natural 3rd) and is in fact only one note different to the major scale - it has a b7 scale degree. Some people even call it the Dominant scale because it fits dominant chords so perfectly. Mixolydian mode is a musical mode. In the modern sense, it is the scale on the white piano keys that starts with G. Its ascending sequence consists of a root note, whole step, whole step, half step, whole step, whole step, half step, whole step. Aeolian Mode A- same as natural minor scale the mode represented by the natural diatonic scale A-A (containing a minor 3rd, 6th, and 7th The Aeolian mode is a musical mode or, in modern usage, a diatonic scale also called the natural minor scale. On the white piano keys, it is the scale that starts with A. Its ascending interval form consists of a key note, whole step, half step, whole step, whole step, half step, whole step to return. Locrian Mode B- same as natural minor scale with lowered 2nd and 5th scale degree The Locrian mode is either a musical mode or simply a diatonic scale. On the white piano keys, it is the scale that starts with B. Its ascending form consists of the key note, a half step, two whole steps, a further half step, and three more whole steps. Rubato Tempo rubato is a musical term referring to expressive and rhythmic freedom by a slight speeding up and then slowing down of the tempo of a piece at the discretion of the soloist or the conductor. Rubato is an expressive shaping of music that is a part of phrasing expressive, not strict tempo Ostinato A repeated pattern constant repeated rhythm pattern Allegro fast andate slow Open G tuning D G D G B D, easiest alternative guitar tuning to play; most commonly found in Folk and Blues music [Show Less]
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Scope of Practice and Code of Ethics- CBMT Questions and Answers, Graded A+
What is music therapy as defined by the CBMT? Music therapy is defined as the clinical and evidence-based use of music interventions to accomplish individ... [Show More] ualized goals for people of all ages and ability levels within a therapeutic relationship by a credentialed professional who has completed an approved music therapy program. A music therapist is an individual who has completed the education and clinical training requirements established by the American Music Therapy Association (AMTA) and who holds current board certification from The Certification Board for Music Therapists (CBMT). What are the six assumptions of music therapy practice is based on the values of non-maleficence, beneficence, ethical practice; professional integrity, respect, excellence; and diversity? Public Protection, Requisite Training and Skill Sets, Evidenced-Based Practice, Overlap in Services, Professional Collaboration, Client-Centered Care. What is Public Protection? The public is entitled to have access to qualified music therapists who practice competently, safely, and ethically What is Requisite Training and Skill Sets? The scope of music therapy practice includes professional and advanced competencies. The music therapist only provides services within the scope of practice that reflect his/her level of competence. The music therapy profession is not defined by a single music intervention or experience, but rather a continuum of skills sets (simple to complex) that make the profession unique. What is Evidenced-Based Practice? A music therapist's clinical practice is guided by the integration of the best available research evidence, the client's needs, values, and preferences, and the expertise of the clinician. What is Overlap in Services? Music therapists recognize that in order for clients to benefit from an integrated, holistic treatment approach, there will be some overlap in services provided by multiple professions. We acknowledge that other professionals may use music, as appropriate, as long as they are working within their scope. What is Professional Collaboration? A competent music therapist will make referrals to other providers (music therapists and non-music therapists) when faced with issues or situations beyond the original clinician's own practice competence, or where greater competence or specialty care is determined as necessary or helpful to the client's condition. What is Client-Centered Care? A music therapist is respectful of, and responsive to the needs, values, and preferences of the client and the family. The music therapist involves the client in the treatment planning process, when appropriate. What types of interventions are included in the scope of practice? The music therapy interventions may include music improvisation, receptive music listening, song writing, lyric discussion, music and imagery, singing, music performance, learning through music, music combined with other arts, music-assisted relaxation, music-based patient education, electronic music technology, adapted music intervention, and movement to music. What does the standards of practice (as outlined in the scope of practice) say about referrals to a music therapist? Can accept referrals for music therapy services from medical, developmental, mental health, and education professionals; family members; clients; caregivers; or others involved and authorized with provision of client services. Before providing music therapy services to a client for an identified clinical or developmental need, the music therapist collaborates, as applicable, with the primary care provider(s) to review the client's diagnosis, treatment needs, and treatment plan. During the provision of music therapy services to a client, the music therapist collaborates, as applicable, with the client's treatment team. After treatment is indicated, what is the first step in providing music therapy services according to the standards of practice? Conducting a music therapy assessment of a client to determine if treatment is indicated. If treatment is indicated, the music therapist collects systematic, comprehensive, and accurate information to determine the appropriateness and type of music therapy services to provide for the client. Assessment is conducted across multiple domains. After assessment, what does the standards of practice list as the next step in music therapy practice? Developing an individualized music therapy treatment plan for the client that is based upon the results of the music therapy assessment. The music therapy treatment plan includes individualized goals and objectives that focus on the assessed needs and strengths of the client and specify music therapy approaches and interventions to be used to address these goals and objectives. After developing a treatment plan, what does the standards of practice list as the next step in the treatment process? Implementing an individualized music therapy treatment plan that is consistent with any other developmental, rehabilitative, habilitative, medical, mental health, preventive, wellness care, or educational services being provided to the client. After implementing treatment, what is listed as the next step according to the standards of practice? Evaluating the client's response to music therapy and the music therapy treatment plan, documenting change and progress, and suggesting modifications, as appropriate. After the implementation of the treatment phase, what type of action is required when terminating services? Developing a plan for determining when the provision of music therapy services is no longer needed in collaboration with the client, physician, or other provider of health care or education of the client, family members of the client, and any other appropriate person upon whom the client relies for support. During treatment, what is required of the therapist in ensuring the opportunity for the most successful outcomes for the client? Minimizing any barriers to ensure that the client receives music therapy services in the least restrictive environment. Collaborating with and educating the client and the family, caregiver of the client, or any other appropriate person regarding the needs of the client that are being addressed in music therapy and the manner in which the music therapy treatment addresses those needs. As the therapist, what is listed under the standards of practice as your responsibility in providing all music therapy services? Utilizing appropriate knowledge and skills to inform practice including use of research, reasoning, and problem solving skills to determine appropriate actions in the context of each specific clinical setting According to the scope of practice, music therapists function as independent clinicians on an interdisciplinary treatment team. What other professionals can a music therapist expect to work with? Physicians, nurses, rehabilitative specialists, neurologists, psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, counselors, behavioral health specialists, physical therapists, occupational therapists, speech-language pathologists, audiologists, educators, clinical case managers, patients, caregivers, and more How does a music therapist minimize the potential for negative outcomes in providing services? Music therapists are trained to independently analyze client non-verbal, verbal, psychological, and physiological responses to music and non-music stimuli in order to be clinically effective and refrain from contra-indicated practices. The music therapist implements ongoing evaluation of client responses and adapts the intervention accordingly to protect the client from negative outcomes. To protect the public from threats of harm in clinical practice, music therapists comply with safety standards and competencies such as, but not limited to: • Recognize and respond to situations in which there are clear and present dangers to a client and/or others. • Recognize the potential harm of music experiences and use them with care. • Recognize the potential harm of verbal and physical interventions during music experiences and use them with care. • Observe infection control protocols (e.g., universal precautions, disinfecting instruments). • Recognize the client populations and health conditions for which music experiences are contraindicated. • Comply with safety protocols with regard to transport and physical support of clients. What is the purpose of AMTA? As the governing body of the profession, its mission is to advance public awareness of the benefits of music therapy and increase access to quality music therapy services in a rapidly changing world. AMTA strives to improve and advance the use of music, in both its breadth and quality, in clinical, educational, and community settings for the betterment of the public health and welfare. What are the four main commitments made by the AMTA? • Promoting quality clinical treatment and ethical practices regarding the use of music to restore, maintain, and improve the health of all persons. • Establishing and maintaining education and clinical training standards for persons seeking to be credentialed music therapists. • Educating the public about music therapy. • Supporting music therapy research. What is the CBMT? CBMT is an independent, non-profit, certifying agency fully accredited by the National Commission for Certifying Agencies (NCCA). This accreditation serves as the means by which CBMT strives to maintain the highest standards possible in the construction and administration of its national examination and recertification programs, ultimately designed to reflect current music therapy practice for the benefit of the consumer. What are the CBMT commitments? • Maintaining the highest possible standards, as established by the Institute for Credentialing Excellence (ICE) and NCCA, for its national certification and recertification programs. • Maintaining standards for eligibility to sit for the National Examination: Candidates must have completed academic and clinical training requirements established by AMTA. • Defining and assessing the body of knowledge that represents safe and competent practice in the profession of music therapy and issuing the credential of Music Therapist Board Certified (MT-BC) to individuals that demonstrate the required level of competence. • Advocating for recognition of the MT-BC credential and for access to safe and competent practice. • Maintaining certification and recertification requirements that reflect current practice in the profession of music therapy. • Providing leadership in music therapy credentialing. What are the educational and clinical requirements of a music therapist? • Must have graduated with a bachelor's degree (or its equivalent) or higher from a music therapy degree program approved by the American Music Therapy Association (AMTA); and • Must have successfully completed a minimum of 1,200 hours of supervised clinical work through pre-internship training at the AMTA-approved degree program, and internship training through AMTA-approved National Roster or University Affiliated internship programs, or an equivalent. What are the requirements for board certification? The MT-BC credential is granted by the CBMT to music therapists who have completed academic and clinical training, have demonstrated the knowledge, skills, and abilities for competence in the current practice of music therapy. The purpose of board certification in music therapy is to provide an objective national standard that can be used as a measure of professionalism and competence by interested agencies, groups, and individuals. How often do you need to re-certify through the CBMT? Once board certified, a music therapist must adhere to the CBMT Code of Professional Practice and re-certify every five years through either a program of continuing education or re-examination. How many continuing education credits are needed to complete the re-certification? 100 credits To whom does the Code of Ethics apply? The Code of Ethics is applicable to all those holding the MT-BC credential or a professional designation of the National Music Therapy Registry and professional membership in the American Music Therapy Association. This Code is also applicable to music therapy students and interns under clinical supervision. What does the Code of Ethics state about professional competence and responsibilities? 1.1 The MT will perform only those duties for which he/she has been adequately trained, not engaging outside his/her area of competence. 1.2 The MT will state his/her qualifications, titles, and professional affiliation(s) accurately. 1.3 The MT will participate in continuing education activities to maintain and improve his/her knowledge and skills. 1.4 The MT will assist the public in identifying competent and qualified music therapists and will discourage the misuse and incompetent practice of music therapy. 1.5 The MT is aware of personal limitations, problems, and values that might interfere with his/her professional work and, at an early stage, will take whatever action is necessary (i.e., seeking professional help, limiting or discontinuing work with clients, etc.) to ensure that services to clients are not affected by these limitations and problems. 1.6 The MT respects the rights of others to hold values, attitudes, and opinions that differ from his/her own. 1.7 The MT does not engage in sexual harassment. 1.8 The MT accords sexual harassment grievants and respondents dignity and respect, and does not base decisions solely upon their having made, or having been the subject of, sexual harassment charges. 1.9 The MT practices with integrity, honesty, fairness, and respect for others. 1.10 The MT delegates to his/her employees, students, or co-workers only those responsibilities that such persons can reasonably be expected to perform competently on the basis of their training and experience. The MT takes reasonable steps to see that such persons perform services competently; and, if institutional policies prevent fulfillment of this obligation, the MT attempts to correct the situation to the extent feasible. What does the Code of Ethics say about general standards? 2.1 The MT will strive for the highest standards in his/her work, offering the highest quality of services to clients/students. 2.2 The MT will use procedures that conform with his/her interpretation of the Standards of Clinical Practice of the American Music Therapy Association, Inc. 2.3 Moral and Legal Standards 2.3.1 The MT respects the social and moral expectations of the community in which he/she works. The MT is aware that standards of behavior are a personal matter as they are for other citizens, except as they may concern the fulfillment of professional duties or influence the public attitude and trust towards the profession. 2.3.2 The MT refuses to participate in activities that are illegal or inhumane, that violate the civil rights of others, or that discriminate against individuals based upon race, ethnicity, language, religion, marital status, gender, gender identity or expression, sexual orientation, age, ability, socioeconomic status, or political affiliation. In addition, the MT works to eliminate the effect of biases based on these factors on his or her work. What are the ethical considerations for relationships with clients, students, and research participants? 3.1 The welfare of the client will be of utmost importance to the MT. 3.2 The MT will protect the rights of the individuals with whom he/she works. These rights will include, but are not limited to the following: • - right to safety; • - right to dignity; • - legal and civil rights; • - right to treatment; • - right to self-determination; • - right to respect; and • - right to participate in treatment decisions. 3.3 The MT will not discriminate in relationships with clients/students/research subjects because of race, ethnicity, language, religion, marital status, gender, gender identity or expression, sexual orientation, age, ability, socioeconomic status or political affiliation. 3.4 The MT will not exploit clients/students/research subjects sexually, physically, financially or emotionally. 3.5 The MT will not enter into dual relationships with clients/students/research subjects and will avoid those situations that interfere with professional judgment or objectivity (e.g., those involving competitive and/or conflicting interests) in their relationships. 3.6 The MT will exert caution in predicting the results of services offered, although a reasonable statement of prognosis and/or progress may be made. The MT will make only those claims to clients concerning the efficacy of services that would be willingly submitted for professional scrutiny through peer review, publication in a professional journal, or documentation in the client's record. 3.7 The MT will offer music therapy services only in the context of a professional relationship and in a setting which insures safety and protection for both client and therapist. The MT will avoid deception in representations of music therapy to the public. 3.8 The MT will inform the client and/or guardian as to the purpose, nature, and effects of assessment and treatment. 3.9 The MT will use every available resource to serve the client best. 3.10 The MT will utilize the profession's Standards of Practice as a guideline in accepting or declining referrals or requests for services, as well as in terminating or referring clients when the client no longer benefits from the therapeutic relationship. 3.11 In those emerging areas of practice for which generally recognized standards are not yet defined, the MT will nevertheless utilize cautious judgment and will take reasonable steps to ensure the competence of his/her work, as well as to protect clients, students, and research subjects from harm. What does the Code of Ethics state about confidentiality practices? 3.12.1 The MT protects the confidentiality of information obtained in the course of practice, supervision, teaching, and/or research. 3.12.2 In compliance with federal, state and local regulations and organizational policies and procedures, confidential information may be revealed under circumstances which include but are not limited to: a. when, under careful deliberation, it is decided that society, the client, or other individuals appear to be in imminent danger. In this situation, information may be shared only with the appropriate authorities, professionals or others. The client is made aware of this when possible and if reasonable. b. when other professionals within a facility or agency are directly related with the case or situation. c. when the client consents to the releasing of confidential information. d. when compelled by a court or administrative order or subpoena, provided such order or subpoena is valid and served in accordance with applicable law. 3.12.3 The MT informs clients of the limits of confidentiality prior to beginning treatment. 3.12.4 The MT disguises the identity of the client in the presentation of case materials for research and teaching. Client or guardian consent is obtained, with full disclosure of the intended use of the material. 3.12.5 All forms of individually identifiable client information, including, but not limited to verbal, written, audio, video and digital will be acquired with the informed client or guardian consent and will be maintained in a confidential manner by the MT. Also, adequate security will be exercised in the preservation and ultimate disposition of these records. 3.12.6 Information obtained in the course of evaluating services, consulting, supervision, peer review, and quality assurance procedures will be kept confidential. What does the Code of Ethics state about relationships with other colleagues? 4.1 The MT acts with integrity in regard to colleagues in music therapy and other professions and will cooperate with them whenever appropriate. 4.2 The MT will not offer professional services to a person receiving music therapy from another music therapist except by agreement with that therapist or after termination of the client's relationship with that therapist. 4.3 The MT will attempt to establish harmonious relations with members from other professions and professional organizations and will not damage the professional reputation or practice of others. 4.4 The MT will share with other members of the treatment team information concerning evaluative and therapeutic goals and procedures used. 4.5 The MT will not discriminate in relationships with colleagues because of race, ethnicity, language, religion, marital status, gender, gender identity or expression, sexual orientation, age, ability, socioeconomic status or political affiliation. What are the practices as set by the Code of Ethics concerning relationships is employers? 5.1 The MT will observe the regulations, policies, and procedures of employers with the exception of those that are in violation of this code of ethics. 5.2 The MT will inform employers of conditions that may limit the effectiveness of the services being rendered. 5.3 When representing the employer or agency, the MT will differentiate personal views from those of the profession, the employer, and the agency. 5.4 The MT will provide services in an ethical manner and will protect the property, integrity, and reputation of the employing agency. 5.5 The MT will utilize the agency's facilities and resources only as authorized. 5.6 The MT will not use his/her position to obtain clients for private practice, unless authorized to do so by the employing agency. Does a music therapist have responsibility to the community and general public according to the Code of Ethics? Yes. 6.1 The MT will strive to increase public awareness of music therapy. 6.2 The MT engaged in a private practice or business will abide by federal, state and local regulations relevant to self-employment including but not limited to professional liability, registering and maintaining a business, tax codes and liability, confidentiality and reimbursement. Is there a responsibility to professional associations according to the Code of Ethics? Yes. 7.1 The MT respects the rights, rules, and reputation of his/her professional association. 7.2 The MT will distinguish personal from professional views when acting on behalf of his/her association. The MT will represent the association only with appropriate authorization. 7.3 The MT will strive to increase the level of knowledge, skills, and research within the profession. 7.4 The MT will refrain from the misuse of an official position within the association. 7.5 The MT will exercise integrity and confidentiality when carrying out his/her official duties in the association. What are the ethical considerations for research according to the Code of Ethics? 8.1 The MT establishes a precise agreement with research subjects prior to their participation in the study. In this agreement, the responsibilities and rights of all parties are explained, and written consent is obtained. The MT explains all aspects of the research that might influence the subject's willingness to participate, including all possible risks and benefits. The MT will avoid any deception in research. 8.2 Participation of subjects in music therapy research will be voluntary. Appropriate authorization will be obtained from the subjects involved (or specified and/or legal guardians) and the facility. The subject is free to refuse to participate or to withdraw from the research at any time without penalty or loss of services. 8.3 The MT is ultimately responsible for protecting the welfare of the research subjects, both during and after the study, in the event of aftereffects, and will take all precautions to avoid injurious psychological, physical, or social effects to the subjects. 8.4 The MT will store data in a secure location accessible to the researcher. The researcher will determine a set period of time after completion of the study by which all research data must be shredded or erased. 8.5 The MT will be competent in his/her research efforts, being cognizant of his/her limits. 8.6 The MT will present his/her findings without distortion and in a manner that will not be misleading. What are the ethical considerations concerning publication credits? 8.7.1 Credit is assigned only to those who have contributed to a publication, in proportion to their contribution. 8.7.2 Major contributions of a professional nature made by several persons to a common project will be recognized by joint authorship. 8.7.3 Minor contributions such as editing or advising, will be recognized in footnotes or in an introductory statement. 8.7.4 Acknowledgment through specific citations will be made for unpublished as well as published material that has directly influenced the research or writing. 8.7.5 The MT who compiles and edits for publication the contribution of others will publish the symposium or report under the title of the committee or symposium, with the therapist's name appearing as chairperson or editor among those of the other contributors or committee members. What are the ethical considerations involving fees, business, and commercial activity for music therapists? 9.1 When participating in business arrangements as owners, stockholders, partners, employers, employees, contractors, or subcontractors, music therapists ensure that their activities are consistent with this Code and any applicable local, state, or federal laws. 9.2 The MT accepts remuneration only for services actually rendered by himself or herself or under his or her supervision and only in accordance with professional standards that safeguard the best interest of clients and the profession. 9.3 The MT will not take financial advantage of a client. The MT will take into account the client's ability to pay. Financial considerations are secondary to the client's welfare. 9.4 Private fees may not be accepted or charged for services when the MT receives remuneration for these services by the agency. 9.5 No gratuities, gifts or favors should be accepted from clients that could interfere with the MT's decisions or judgments. 9.6 Referral sources may not receive a commission fee, or privilege for making referrals (fee-splitting). 9.7 The MT will not engage in commercial activities that conflict with responsibilities to clients or colleagues. 9.8 The materials or products dispensed to clients should be in the client's best interest, with the client's having the freedom of choice. The MT will not profit from the sale of equipment/materials to clients. Charges for any materials will be separate from the bill for services. What does the Code of Ethics state about announcing music therapy services? 10.1 The MT will adhere to professional rather than commercial standards in making known his or her availability for professional services. The MT will offer music therapy services only in a manner that neither discredits the profession nor decreases the trust of the public in the profession. 10.2 The MT will not solicit clients of other MT's. 10.3 The MT will make every effort to ensure that public information materials are accurate and complete in reference to professional services and facilities. 10.4 The MT will avoid the following in announcing services: misleading or deceptive advertising, misrepresentation of specialty, guarantees or false expectations, and the use of the Association's logo. 10.5 The MT will differentiate between private practice and private music studio in announcing services. 10.6 The following materials may be used in announcing services (all of which must be dignified in appearance and content): announcement cards, brochures, letterhead, business cards and the internet. The MT may include the following on these materials: name, title, degrees, schools, dates, certification, location, hours, contact information, and an indication of the nature of the services offered. 10.7 Announcing services through the mail (to other professionals), a listing in the telephone directory, or the internet (i.e., email, website) are acceptable. No advertisement or announcement will be rendered in a manner that will be untruthful and/or deceive the public. [Show Less]
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CBMT Exam - Treatment Implementation and Documentation Questions and Answers 2023, Graded A+
A hospice patient communicates to the music therapist concerns about how the family will cope in bereavement. While the patient is talking, the music thera... [Show More] pist leans toward the patient and occasionally nods. After the patient finishes speaking, the music therapist waits for a moment and then says, "It sounds like you’re really concerned about your family." Which of the following does the music therapist’s verbal and nonverbal behavior demonstrate? Active listening 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS A music therapist works with adults with anxiety disorders in a partial hospitalization program once a week in music-assisted relaxation sessions. Which of the following is the BEST strategy to promote the independent use of music for self-care? Provide clients with a playlist of the music and relaxation scripts for practice at home 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS A music therapist has been asked to write a song to help an adult with intellectual disabilities remember the steps involved with teeth brushing. The MOST effective song lyrics to promote functional independence includes "I remove the cap from the tube" to a familiar tune. 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS A music therapist visits an older adult female with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at a nursing home. The client is tearful and verbalizes feelings of sadness about the recent death of her daughter, repeating the statement "If only God could have done better." What should the music therapist do FIRST to meet the spiritual needs of the client? Facilitate fill-in-the-blank song writing using the phrase, "If only God." 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS During a weekly hospice visit, a client and her daughter give a piece of piano sheet music to a music therapist, stating that it was a favorite of the client's deceased husband. The music therapist is unfamiliar with the song. Noticing that the client appears eager to hear the song, which of the following is the music therapist's BEST action? Sight read the piece, playing a reduced piano part. 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS Using rhythmic movement as a therapeutic technique to address gait dysfunctions aligns MOST directly with which of the following treatment approaches? Neurological 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS The ____________ approach addresses gait dysfunctions that stimulate music perception and pair it with motor responses Neurological 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS The __________ approach identifies behaviors, replaces negative inaccurate thoughts, and changes the rewards for positive behaviors Behavioral 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS The __________ approach believes that people have an ordered set of needs that must be fulfilled in order to achieve personal growth Humanistic 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS The _____________ approach uses play, and specifically looks at how a child is developing during the most significant period of development. Developmental 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS A music therapist is working with a client who is depressed and withdrawn. In an improvisational dyad, the music therapist gradually changes the tempo, range, and articulation, while reflecting and supporting any change in playing by the client. Which of the following is the music therapist MOST likely attempting to encourage? Increased emotional expressiveness 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS In community music therapy settings, what is a PRIMARY challenge music therapists are tasked with addressing in order to ensure that clinical services provided to both clients and community are ethical and competent? self-exploration in pursuit of cultural humility and reflexivity 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS Which of the following is a method of stress reduction that involves tensing and releasing of the body? Progressive muscle relaxation 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS A music therapist has taken a job at a facility with a few older instruments and a limited budget for music therapy supplies. The music therapist would like to have a client improvise on a diatonic Orff xylophone while the music therapist plays the piano, but the xylophone is missing its F and B bars. Which scale, beginning on C, should the music therapist play in to MOST successfully facilitate this experience? Major pentatonic 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS In a standard 12-bar blues form, the chord in the ninth measure is the Dominant 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS A music therapist is working with an older adult client diagnosed with depression. Which of the following is the music therapist's BEST approach to help elevate the client's mood? Incorporate progressively more stimulating client-preferred music. 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS A music therapist is facilitating a song-writing experience with an adult client. The music therapist introduces a 12-bar blues song, intentionally leaving off the lyrics at the end of each phrase for the client to complete. This structure is MOST likely acting as a prompt for initiation 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS The theory that personalities are shaped and motivated by conscious and unconscious forces, with a strong influence from childhood experiences is Psychodynamic 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS ____________ theory is the view that personalities are shaped and motivated by conscious and unconscious forces, with a strong influence from childhood experiences. Psychodynamic 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS ________ theory is an approach that attempts to explain human behavior by understanding thought processes Cognitive 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS ________ theory assumes that the whole person is continually being motivated by one need or another and that people have the potential to grow toward psychological health, that is, self-actualization. Holistic 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS ___________ theory focuses on a person as a unique being as well as the choices that they can currently make empowering them to take responsibility for their well-being. Existential 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS A music therapist is working with an older adult male who leads a sedentary life style, has some interest in music, is currently medically stable, lacks strong friendships or relationships, and feels isolated after his spouse's death several years ago. Which of the following wellness programs is the MOST beneficial? intergenerational choir for socialization 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS An adult with severe, chronic asthma receives individual music therapy in an outpatient rehabilitation clinic. Treatment goals include increasing breath support and developing intercostal muscle strength to improve voice quality. When selecting song material, which of the following is the MOST crucial aspect to consider? Phrase length 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS Which of the following is an example of fading that a music therapist might use at the end of treatment to help facilitate transfer of therapeutic progress into a client's everyday life? gradually giving fewer musical and verbal prompts for behavior 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS Which of the following should a music therapist do to elicit participation during a drumming experience in a nursing home? Use various rhythms, meters, and tempos 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS When playing a familiar song with a young client, which of the following therapeutic exercises will MOST effectively increase sustained attention? Changing note duration 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS A 10-year-old client with cerebral palsy and above average intellectual functioning has a goal to increase muscle control for independence in self-feeding. A music therapist should use a xylophone-playing experience to address the development of the client's Motor skills 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS As a music therapist sings a hello song to a hospitalized infant, the infant orients to the music therapist's voice, makes eye contact with the music therapist, reaches for the music therapist's hand, and smiles and kicks legs upon hearing the infant's name being sung. Which of the following types of behaviors did the infant successfully display? Non-verbal 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS A student who typically communicates non-verbally becomes more vocal during a session, with increased humming and babbling. Which of the following should the music therapist do FIRST to facilitate increased vocal production? Imitate the student's sounds 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS A 13-year-old client with autism is brought to his initial music therapy session. According to his record, he shows tactile defensiveness and has limited verbal ability. On entering the room, he walks around its perimeter looking at his hand as he runs it along the wall. In the room there is a piano, a drum, and a xylophone. Which of the following is the BEST initial approach for working with this client? Observe and musically reflect his responses to the environment 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS A client with no dysarthria imitates a music therapist in singing words but cannot engage in conversational speech with recall on demand. Which of the following interventions is indicated? Melodic intonation therapy 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS In a group home for young male offenders, a music therapist meets weekly with a group of clients. During a session, each client is asked to pick a song recording to communicate something about themselves to the others in the group. The therapist and the group members then verbally reflect thoughts and feelings that are shared in relationship to the chosen song. It is MOST likely that the music therapist is operating from which of the following theoretical orientations? Humanistic 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS The __________ theoretical framework focuses on constructing meaning from difficult or challenging life experience existential 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS The _________ theoretical framework engages the whole person (emotional, mental, and physical). This song choice activity does not encompass all of these criteria. holistic 2 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS In a ________ theoretical framework, it is likely that the music therapist's response to the client would involve more identification and problem-solving. cognitive 2 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS When planning a music and movement intervention for elderly adults in a skilled nursing facility, the music therapist should FIRST consider what aspect of the music? Tempo 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS A child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) starts pacing during a music therapy session. Which of the following is the music therapist's MOST effective response to redirect the child? Sing a melodic phrase "sit down" 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS A music therapist is facilitating a song choice and discussion intervention for adolescents in an inpatient psychiatric setting. One of the adolescents is new to the unit, and although verbal and articulate during an individual assessment, he declines to share within the group, even when his preferred song is played. The MOST likely reason for this behavior is that the adolescent may be guarded and not willing to share because he does not yet feel comfortable with others in the group. 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS A patient with a right-side cerebral vascular accident (CVA) is participating in music therapy services. The patient presents with upper and lower extremity paresis. To BEST address these needs, the music therapist should provide an adaptive mallet for her left hand and a non-adaptive mallet for her right hand. 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS After a music therapist introduces a client to a variety of rhythm instruments, the client is asked to identify each of the instruments as it is being played behind a screen. This exercise requires the patient to practice Auditory perception 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS When asking a client to improvise a melody using only the black keys on a piano, the music therapist should provide an accompaniment based on which of the following scales? Pentatonic 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS A client with dementia who lives with her daughter was previously ambulatory and demonstrated no problems with her gait. Previous music therapy sessions have included movement to music and singing. During the current session, the music therapist observes changes in the client, including loss of motor control, unsteady gait, difficulty with balance, and a need for hands-on support when moving to music. Based on this evaluation data, which of the following is the music therapist's BEST action? Adapt music movement interventions to a seated position. 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS A music therapist using the behavioral model or approach might use which of the following techniques? Task analysis 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS A music therapist working with a mental health group with psychoactive issues facilitates an opening song in which clients are asked to participate verbally by stating their names. This exercise primarily assesses Reality orientation 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS A child with an intellectual disability frequently displays self-stimulating behaviors, including moving his fingers in front of his eyes. Which of the following would be the MOST effective use of music to decrease self-stimulating behavior? Give the child a maraca and play preferred music when he shakes the maraca. 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS A group of 25 to 36-month-old toddlers gather for a weekly music and movement group. To learn an entire dance routine, the music therapist sets a storybook to music. Dance movements are introduced one at a time, and assigned to each page as the story is sung/read. Which of the following techniques is being used to integrate movement with music? Chaining 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS A client who only knows guitar chords in first position wants to learn a song with the tablature for the following chords: E, B7, A, c#, and f#. Which of the following transpositions BEST ensures successful playing of the song? G, D7, C e, a 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS A hospice patient shares that she is very spiritual and misses the community feeling she experienced while attending worship services on Sundays. Which of the following would BEST address the patient's needs? Provide live spiritual music associated with the patient's congregation 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS During a choir rehearsal for clients with Parkinson's disease, the choir members comment that the songs are "too high to sing comfortably." Which of the following is the music therapist's BEST response? Explore which key would best meet the needs of the group and transpose the music accordingly. 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS During a music therapy session, a client experiences an emotional reaction related to an impending loss. This is typically referred to as Anticipated grief 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS A music therapist meets a 3-year-old client for the first time in the waiting area. The therapist will assist the client during a non-invasive procedure. The therapist bends down to the same eye level as the client, sings hello, introduces herself, and offers a few music instruments. The therapist is developing the therapeutic relationship by Building trust and rapport 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS A music therapist is facilitating group cooperation and decision making by using songwriting. A group member with low self-esteem often provides entire verses of lyrics while ignoring other members' suggestions. To facilitate the group goals, the therapist should structure the task to promote an equal response from each group member. 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS [Show Less]
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CBMT Practice Test 2 Questions and Answers 2023, Graded A+
A client is referred to music therapy to increase on-task behavior and to encourage social interaction. After three months of weekly sessions, the client h... [Show More] as not met the on-task objective, but social interaction has improved. The music therapist's BEST response would be to re-evaluate the strategies and expected outcomes of the on-task objective A music therapist is working with a stroke patient who demonstrates left neglect and difficulty crossing midline. In order to address both needs through instrumental playing, the therapist should position a drum to the patient's left side and place a mallet in the right hand. positioning the drum to the patient's left side requires the patient to use his neglected side; drum and mallet placement requires the patient to cross midline An adult with severe, chronic asthma receives individual music therapy in an outpatient rehabilitation clinic. Treatment goals include increasing breath support and developing intercostal muscle strength to improve voice quality. When selecting song material, which of the following is the MOST crucial aspect to consider? phrase length. this is the most crucial because it requires regulated and sustained breath support a MT is assisting a terminally ill client who is preparing for his death. the BEST choice of music for the patient's final hours is music that has been selected by the client. it is important for the patient to experience a sense of control. which of the following examples illustrate professional development conduct or assist with research, participate in continuing education, and engage in collaboration with other colleagues. Which of the following types of recording procedure is being employed when a music therapist uses a stopwatch to time how long a child marches to music? duration. this involves measuring the length of time a client performs (or doesn't perform) a specified behavior within a specified time frame A new music therapist is uncertain as to the clinical implications of music behaviors observed in a group setting. The BEST approach to understanding the nature of these behaviors is to discuss the behaviors with other MTs familiar with this population. A developmental disorder in which there is a defect in the bony covering of the spinal cord that sometimes results in protrusion of the cord and meninges is called spina bifida. "open spine" is a condition in which the membrane or meninges covering the spine pouch out to form a sac at a point along the back a lateral curvature of the spine scoliosis a condition in which the spinal fluid is prevented from leaving the brain and being reabsorbed in the blood stream hydrocephalus inflammation of the meninges or membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord spinal meningitis A music therapist has recently started a new job working with inner-city at-risk adolescents at a community center. To help adolescents identify and express their emotions, she introduces song-writing activities. Though the therapist has a strong background in jazz and classical music, she notices that the clients criticize her accompaniments. To BEST meet the clients' needs, the therapist should seek out resources to learn more about contemporary music styles. the therapist recognizes her lack of certain skills and seeks to expand her music skills to better meet the needs of her clients during a gait training session with music therapy, a patient with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) is having difficulty walking to the beat of the music. To correct this problem, the music therapist should FIRST have the patient walk to a simpler auditory stimulus such as a metronome. TBI patients can be easily distracted by too much stimulus. research shows that just metronome training can be more effective a MT should refer clients to other professionals based on client needs. client needs must be the overriding concern in all referrals. these needs should include economic and availability factors, but neither of these alone are the best answer a MT has observed a colleague falsifying continuing education documents. the therapist should FIRST consult with the colleague involved. the CBMT code of professional practice stipulate that this should be the first action for such a scenario in order to stay current with information on autism and best practices, the most reliable resource is peer-reviewed publications. articles published in peer-reviewed journals are sub When preparing a hospital patient for termination of MT treatment, it is always necessary to provide adequate closure for the patient. closure is an important and necessary part of the therapy process A music therapist is conducting a group of clients playing a I-IV-V chordal accompaniment on tone bars. The music therapist arranges the clients in three groups, one for each chord. Which of the following is the MOST important conducting gesture? entrances. cuing entrances the most important conducting gesture because it allows the clients to play at correct times When a music therapist is consulting with a client's family or significant others in the treatment planning process, it is appropriate to do all of the following EXCEPT share histories of other clients for comparative studies A music therapist is seeing a bereaved 3-year-old child whose mother recently died. The child is afraid to go to sleep at night and repeatedly asks questions. She frequently states, "I killed mommy." The child is MOST likely demonstrating magical thinking. children at this age often believe that thoughts can make things happen characteristics of a 5-8 year old include (2) awareness of feelings and concrete thinking A music therapist in a public school is about to conduct an initial assessment for a 5-year-old boy with ADHD. The assessment is scheduled to take place in the boy's classroom. To facilitate the child's engagement MOST effectively, the music therapist should delineate a small area of the room to be used and remove possible distractions. when doing an assessment, it is the therapist's responsibility to create an environment or space conductive to the client's needs. Photography and video during music therapy sessions with competent adults are acceptable with WRITTEN consent from the client and faculty During a music therapy session, a client asks the therapist why "God afflicted her with terminal cancer." Which of the following is the therapist's MOST appropriate immediate response? discuss the client's feelings toward God. this allows them to express belief systems and feelings that could then be explored during the session A music therapist working with a child with a pervasive developmental disorder is being reimbursed by the parent's medical insurance company. The company has requested an update on the child's progress to determine if they will continue to pay for music therapy services. Which of the following is the BEST documentation the music therapist can provide the insurance company in this situation? narrative summary of MT goals and objectives with graphic representation of client's progress. graphic representation of client progress along with a narrative summary explaining the results is the best documentation to assist the insurance carries in understanding client progress during the course of therapy Over the course of three months, a music therapy group for people with Parkinson's disease has completed the treatment plan objective with 40% accuracy during the first month, 75% accuracy during the second month, and 90% accuracy during the third month. Which of the following is the BEST treatment plan option for the next month? review documentation from the past sessions and evaluate possible modifications of the treatment plan. it is appropriate and necessary to continually review and revise the treatment plan and modify treatment approaches appropriately The task of having children clap their hands to a rhythmic stimulus could be BEST used to assess sensorimotor integration. clapping requires integrating the rhythmic stimulus with movement what is a programmatic consideration to be addressed during the initial treatment planning phase? selection or design of a data collection system to use during treatment. Which of the following is the MOST pressing need for a client when the music therapist is terminating therapy because of a move to another city? expressing feelings about the loss of the relationship. this assists the client in moving through the emotions and grief, allowing for a more effective termination and transition to a new therapist A music therapist in a hospital is asked to see a 39-year-old man who has recently suffered a severe brain injury and is in a great deal of pain. During the assessment, the patient becomes increasingly agitated and complains that his pain has intensified. The music therapist should recognize that MT may be contraindicated at this time. MT may be contraindicated if it leads to increased client discomfort or pain when a client reaches some of his goals in less time than expected, the MT should revise the treatment plan. a MT must review and revise the treatment plan continually in order to best meet the needs of the client A music therapist is working with a 30-year-old client in a psychiatric facility. The client's mother is developing dementia. She is distressed by family responsibilities because, as the oldest daughter, she is expected to put the needs of her aging mother ahead of her own needs and those of her husband and children. Placement of the client's mother in a nursing home is viewed negatively because of cultural expectations. What is the music therapist's BEST course of action to assist this client? teach the client to use progressive relaxation with music. this course of action will assist the client in dealing with her stress after release from the facility Which of the following can be used to assess a client's kinesthetic perceptual abilities? movement to music. kinesthetic perceptual abilities facilitate the recognition of body position and activity through physical sensations stimulated by movement which of the following is the BEST way to assess a client's rhythmic stability? instruct the client to maintain a rhythmic ostinato Which of the following is the MOST structured group songwriting experience? ask clients to fill in the blanks to a familiar song where key words have been deleted. this is the most structured songwriting experience because the clients have been provided a song, melody, and most of the lyrics, leaving the task of selecting a small number of words to fill in the blanks when an initial referral is received for a MT assessment in a hospital setting, what intake information about the patient should the music therapist obtain FIRST? name, medical record or ID number, and DOB. 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Music Therapy CBMT Exam Questions and Answers 2023, Graded A+
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA) Originally passed by Congress in 1975 and reauthorized several times, most recently in 2004... [Show More] , the IDEA specifies the procedures for insuring that all children with disabilities receives a free appropriate education in the least restrictive environment possible. It also includes requirements for parental involvement and due process procedures when parents or guardians disagree with a school's decision regarding their child. Individualized Education Program (IEP) The federal special education law (IDEA) requires that an IEP be developed by a team for each student receiving special education services. The IEP must contain a statement of the student's present levels of educational performance, annual goals related to areas of deficit, short-term objective describing the intermediate steps to the annual goals, criteria and procedures for determining the achievement of the objectives, and educational services to be provided to the student. Any changes to a student's IEP must be agreed upon by the entire IEP team. Changes cannot be made unilaterally by one individual. Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) A plan, similar to an IEP, by designed for young children (under 3 years of age) and their families. An IFSP is somewhat broader than an IEP in that it also specifies services and resource to be provided to the entire family in support of the child with disabilities. Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) A legal term from the IDEA that specifies that students with disabilities must be educated as close to the same environment as their typical (nondisabled) peers. It is this provision on which inclusion is based. Manifestation Determination A determination that a student's inappropriate behavior is not a result, or manifestation, of his or her disability. This is usually determined in a hearing and is required when a student's behavior violates school rules and before the school can undertake disciplinary action that might result in a student's suspension from school. Mnemonics The use of memory-enhancing strategies or cues to remember something. This might include such things as rhymes, visualization or acronyms. Nonverbal Learning Disabilities Refers to individuals who have a cluster of disabilities in social interaction, math, visual-spatial and tactual tasks. Peer Tutoring A method used to integrate students with disabilities into general education settings. It is based on research that demonstrates that students can effectively tutor one another. It maximizes active student engagement with an academic task and can also improve social and communication skills. One particularly effective form is Classwide Peer Tutoring (CWPT). Positive Behavioral Support (PBS) Using methods and techniques that support desirable and appropriate behavior rather than punishing undesirable or inappropriate behavior. It usually consists of determining what types of reinforcers would promote appropriate student behavior and then using those reinforcers to help the student engage in that behavior. Seizure A sudden alternation of consciousness, usually accompanied by motor activity and/or sensory phenomena, caused by an abnormal discharge of electrical energy in the brain. Spina Bifida A congenital midline defect resulting from failure of the bony spinal column to close completely during fetal development. It may occur anywhere from the head to the lower end of the spine. Because the spinal column is not closed, the spinal card can protrude, resulting in damage to the nerves and paralysis and/or lack of function or sensation below the site of the defect. Stereotypic Behaviors Any of a variety of repetitive behaviors that are sometimes found in individuals who are have autism, blindness, or who are severely mentally retarded. May include such things as rubbing eyes, hand flapping, swaying from side to side, etc. Supported Employment A method of integrating people with disabilities who cannot work independently into competitive employment. Includes the use of a job coach who helps the person with disabilities train for and succeed on the job. Systematic Instruction Teaching that involves instructional prompts, consequences, or reinforcement,for performance, and transfer of stimulus control. It is usually used with individuals with mental retardation. Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) An injury through the brain due to an accident (not conditions present at birth, birth trauma, or degenerative disease). Results in total or partial disability that affects educational performance. It may affect any or all areas of cognition, language, memory, attention, judgment, motor skills, behavior, emotions, problem solving, or speech. Because as the brain heals the symptoms will change over time TBI requires close communication among education, medical and other professionals, and parents/guardians. Individual Transition Plan (ITP) The IDEA requires that, no later than age 16 (or earlier if appropriate), each student's IEP should contain a statement of needed transition services. In addition, the ITP must include a statement of linkages and responsibilities for each appropriate agency for provide those services. The intent is to have a plan in place to facilitate the individual's successful transition from the school setting to the community. Job Coach A person who assists workers with disabilities to be successful in a job setting. A job coach provides vocational assessment, instruction, planning, interaction and communication assistance with employers, and other services to support the individual in a job. Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) The ADA is a civil rights law for persons with disabilities to protect them from discrimination in a wide range of activities, such as employment, transportation, public accommodations, and telecommunications. This is not the primary law that provides protection and safeguards educational rights of students in schools. That law is the IDEA. Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act Signed into law in 1998, this law provides federal funds for occupationally-relevant equipment, vocational curriculum materials, materials for learning labs, curriculum development or modification, staff development, career counseling and guidance activities, efforts for academic-vocational integration, supplemental services for special populations, hiring vocational staff, remedial classes, and expansion of tech prep programs. In special education its primary benefit is that it requires schools, and distributes funds, to provide vocational training, planning and placement for students with special needs. Applied Behavior Analysis An approach often used with children with autism, although it can be used for other purposes as well. It breaks a skill or task down into smaller units or steps. The teacher practices each step with the child, helping the child to connect the smaller steps with the larger task or skill. The teacher uses prompts and reinforcements to assist and encourage the child to correctly perform each step with the prompts and reinforcers gradually reduced until the skill is self-maintained by the child P.L. 99-457 Passed in 1986, this law (Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments) established early intervention for young children from birth to age three and their families. TEKS Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills, these is the state required curriculum for all public schools in Texas. The TEKS lists the skills students should have mastered at various grade levels in all academic subjects. The TEKS do not provide information about resources to teach the skills or how to evaluate them. It is simply a list of those skills. A teacher can tell, for children at any grade level, the prerequisite skills the students should already have mastered and which skills the students will need to master next. [Show Less]
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Official CBMT practice questions test 2023 Questions and Answers, Graded A+
1. A 17 year old is demonstrating a sudden decline in grades, increased unexcused absences, and inability to concentrate when in school. Facial affect has... [Show More] changed from friendly to flat. When approached, the student states he is fine. Reports indicate the client responds to music, so a music therapy referral is requested. To assess possible causes of the change in behavior, a music therapist should FIRST A.observe the student in other classes. B. discuss concerns with the guidance counselor. C. identify current stressors in the student's life. D. review the student's Individualized Education Plan (IEP). C. identify current stressors in the student's life. 2. A music therapist is using ballroom dancing to facilitate intimacy in a relationship between a client, who has dementia, and his wife. During a session, the client's favorite big-band music is played, but he is having difficulty standing up and dancing with his wife. The BEST intervention would be to recommend that the wife A. watch a big-band dance video with her husband. B. sing to her husband as they sit facing one another. C. hold her husband's hands and move in time to the music. D. sit silently next to her husband while they listen to the music. C. hold her husband's hands and move in time to the music. 3. A 52-year-old woman hospitalized for ovarian cancer requests music therapy to help her relax and sleep. During the initial session conducted at bedtime, the client shares her fears and life story before the use of any music intervention. After validating the client's feelings, the BEST direction for the music therapist to take is to A. discuss favorite songs important to the client's life. B. improvise soft guitar music to help the client go to sleep. C. compose a song together reflecting the client's disclosure. D. close the session and bring the client's favorite music to follow-up visits. B. improvise soft guitar music to help the client go to sleep. 4. A music therapist has been jointly treating a client with vascular dementia and the client's daughter, once a week for one hour. Recently, the client has become more withdrawn, presenting with a reduced emotional response and increased passivity. Despite changes, the daughter continues to encourage the client to be active and engaged, yet the client is agitated and combative. Which of the following is the music therapist's BEST response? A. Continue treatment using the music to address agitation and combativeness. B. Discontinue treatment as the client's passivity will increase with disease progression. C. Remove the daughter from the music therapy session immediately. D. Re-evaluate the session length and interventions used during music therapy sessions. D. Re-evaluate the session length and interventions used during music therapy sessions. 5. When completing a behavioral assessment, information relating ONLY to behaviors observed, not interpretation, is considered A. subjective. B. irrelevant. C. prejudicial. D. objective. D. objective. 6. A 7-year-old girl with a severe developmental disability is receiving music therapy in a residential setting. She is nonverbal and prone to be fearful and anxious in new situations. When brought into the therapy room for her first session, she actively resists and begins to cry. The music therapist, working in an improvisational model, might do which of the following? 1. Meet the child by playing music to express the intensity of her crying.2. Reflect the child's sound and breathing with careful musical phrasing.3. Comfort the child by holding and rocking her while singing soothing lyrics.4. Sing without words so the child hears another voice that corresponds to how she is feeling. A. 1, 2, and 3 only B. 1, 2, and 4 only C. 1, 3, and 4 only D. 2, 3, and 4 only B. 1, 2, and 4 only 7. "Since her admission, Mary has spent most of her time in her room and has not participated in unit activities." Under which assessment domain would this statement MOST likely be found? A. psychosocial B. emotional C. communicative D. sensorimotor A. psychosocial 8. When playing a familiar song with a young client, which of the following therapeutic exercises will MOST effectively increase sustained attention? A. altering note order B. varying key signature C. changing note duration D. modifying time signature C. changing note duration 9. The last portion of a music therapy SOAP note discusses which of the following? A. progress summary B. physician's recommendations C. plan for treatment D. provider's assessment C. plan for treatment 10. A song on the guitar in the key of C needs to be transposed to the key of Eb. Using first position fingering in the key of C, the therapist needs to place the capo on the A. 2nd fret. B. 3rd fret. C. 5th fret. D. 7th fret. B. 3rd fret. 11. Evidence-based practice (EBP) principles require music therapists to take which of the following into account when planning treatment? A. best available research; patient characteristics, culture and preferences; and clinical expertise B. evidence of past treatment success; therapist knowledge and skills; and treatment length C. published music therapy program descriptions; therapist expertise; and assessment outcomes D. reviews of past research literature; patient history; and principle of beneficence A. best available research; patient characteristics, culture and preferences; and clinical expertise 12. A music therapist working with a group of four children at an early intervention facility arrives to find the class is very excited, having just come in from the playground. Which of the following is the MOST important consideration when choosing a music selection to begin the session? A. a familiar song B. an unfamiliar song C. a song with an allegro tempo D. a song with an adagio tempo C. a song with an allegro tempo [Show Less]
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CBMT Exam Music Therapy Boards Questions and Answers 2023, Graded A+
Psychodynamic Approach -Human behavior is based on unconscious psychological processes (impulses, desires, motives) -Early childhood events Eclect... [Show More] ic Approach -Draw freely from all approaches without accepting the frameworks behind them -Goal: more efficient treatment Behavioral Approach -Meant to change behavior -Classical/operant conditioning -ABA: applied behavioral analysis (autism) -Positive/negative reinforcement -Punishment and Reward Episodic Memory long-term memory of specific experiences or events, linked to time and place that can be stated Semantic Memory Common knowledge, not from personal experience Working Memory Short/temporary while performing task/learning Procedural Memory Long-term memory of how to perform different tasks without consciously thinking about previous experience Explicit Memory Intentional recollection of long-term memory Implicit Memory Long-term unconscious memory Reframing Identifying thoughts and changing the way they're viewed Experimental Group Design Employ scientific methods to test a hypothesis and control experimental variables in a controlled manner Locus of Control the tendency for people to assume that they either have control or do not have control over events and consequences in their lives Internal Locus -Control your own fate -Effort has direct impact on success External Locus -No control of own fate -Luck or fate -No connection between effort and success Assimilation -Jean Piaget -Incorporating new ideas into existing ideas Accommodation -Jean Piaget -Concepts/schema are modified or new ones created to accommodate new knowledge -Relates to how young children integrate new info with things they already know to gain a better understanding of concepts and other knowledge Stereotypic Behavior -Variety of behaviors typical in individuals who have autism, blindness, etc. -Ex: flapping hands, swaying side to side, etc. Early Intervening -Included in 2004 reauthorization of IDEA -Allows/encourages schools to provide intervention to struggling services, even before they've been identified as special education Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) -Form of behavior modification that uses shaping techniques (in small steps) to mold a desired behavior or response -Prompting and reinforcements gradually decrease -Used commonly with autism, but is used with other disorders too Manifestation Determination -Student's inappropriate behavior is not a result, or manifestation, of his or her disability -Usually determined in a hearing and is required when a student's behavior violates school rules and before the school can undertake disciplinary action that might result in a student's suspension from school. Secondary Gains Unexpected/unplanned outcomes over the course of therapy Flat Affect No facial expression of emotion Sensory Impairments -Affects sensual contact with environment -Stops normal works of muscular receptions -Seeing, touching, moving, tasting Physical Therapy/Physiotherapy -Rehabilitative treatment of physical impairment/challenge -Massage, hydrotherapy, heat, and exercise. Physical Challenges/Impairment Conditions that affect the ability of the body to perform normal functions Developmental Disability -Originates prior to 18 years -Indefinitely continuing handicap -Ex: autism, intellectual, CP, epilepsy, severe learning disabilities Forensic Psychiatry -Devoted to legal problems and infractions of law -Primarily criminal Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 Civil rights law for people with disabilities to protect them from discrimination in a wide range of activities IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) 1991 - Any student with a disability has the right to treatment and free, appropriate education in the least restrictive environment Case Study -Examinations of patients undergoing treatment, reporting progress of single case/group overtime FAPE Law -Component of IDEA - Free and appropriate public education -special education/related services designed to meet the individual needs of each student at no cost IEP -IDEA requires an IEP be developed by a team for each student receiving special education services IFSP - Individual Family Service Plan -Like IEP but broader - for children under 3 and their families -Specifies services and resources to be provided to the entire family Inclusion -Education of students with disabilities with same-age peers without disabilities -Taught in general education classroom with medications and services provided in that setting Related Services -Transportation and development, corrective and other support services that are required by a child with special needs in order for them to benefit from education. -Ex: speech, PT, OT, MT, interpreters for those with hearing impairments, medical services for diagnostic and evaluation purposes and assistive technology devices and services. Base Line Treatment Design -Compares behavior under conditions of no treatment and treatment of some kind Goal Expected therapeutic outcome; purpose/direction of therapy Objective Expected therapeutic outcome of therapy - define goal in clearly observable/measurable behaviors - SMART Objectives Ecological Assessment -Assessment of the child's environment -True and complete picture of the child's ability and needs Target Behavior Behavior(s) for the focus of therapy, identified in the goals and objectives Termination Final stage of therapy - evaluation of progress, plan for phase out/end, recommendations for future, and follow up plan Individual Transition Coach -IDEA requires that, no later than 16, each IEP should contain statement of needed transition services -Must contain statement of linkages and responsibilities for each appropriate agency for providing the services -Intent is to have plan in place to facilitate a successful transition from school to community Positive Behavioral Support -Use methods and techniques that support desirable/appropriate behavior rather than punishing undesirable behavior -Determine what reinforcers promote the appropriate behavior and then using reinforcers to engage student in the behavior Generalization When a skill learned in one setting is transferred to other settings outside of therapy Zone of Proximal Development Vygotsky - the range between children's present level of knowledge and their potential knowledge state if they receive proper guidance and instruction Behavior Modification -Focuses on control of environmental events, particularly consequences -Reinforcement, punishment, modeling, guided practice, self-management, anything to strengthen/weaken identified behavior -Assumption that behavior is predictable, observable, and measurable [Show Less]
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