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2022/2023 NREMT EXAM Complete Solution Package (Actual Exam Included) (A+++ Study Guides)
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NREMT Exam Questions & Answers (2022-2023) (ACTUAL PAPER)(Answered)(A+++ GRADED)
NREMT Exam Questions & Answers, 2022/2023 (ACTUAL PAPER) (Answered) (A+++ GRADED) You arrive to find a 48-year-old male complaining that his chest feels h... [Show More] eavy. The patient is awake and talking to you. During your assessment, you note that his skin is pale, cool, and clammy. Your first step is to: A. apply your AED B. administer supplemental oxygen C. obtain a past medical history D. assist the patient in taking his neighbor's nitroglycerin - B (Your first step is to administer supplemental oxygen. When treating chest pain, it is important to get oxygen to the patient as soon as possible to help alleviate damage to the heart muscle.) Which of the following is the correct flow of blood through the heart and lungs? A. inferior/superior vena cavae, lungs, right atrium, right ventricle, left venntricle, aorta B. inferior/superior vena cavae, left atrium, left ventricle, lungs, right atrium, left ventricle, aorta C. inferior/superior vena cavae, lings, aorta, left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, left ventricle D. inferior/superior vena cavae, right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left ventricle, aorta - D The mitral or bicuspid valve, A. prevents blood from back flowing into the left atrium B. prevents blood from back flowing into the right atrium C. prevents the blood from back flowing into the lungs D. is located between the left atrium and the right ventricle - A (The mitral or bicuspid valve is located between the left atrium and the left atrium and the left ventricle. It prevents the blood from back flowing into the left atrium.) Which of the following is NOT true of the treatment of an impaled object? A. remove if blocking the airway B. stabilize in place C. remove to accommodate transport of the patient D. control the bleeding - C (The treatment of a patient with an impaled object includes: securing the object in place, exposing the wound area, controlling bleeding, and using a bulky dressing to help stabilize the object. The only time it is permissible to remove an impaled object is if it is impeding the breathing of a patient.) The electrical impulse generated in the right atrium is called the: A. atrioventricular node B. purkinje fibers C. sinoatriual node D. bundle of his - C You are treating a patient that has been involved in a motor vehicle accident. You can lift a flap of skin on the patient's head. This type of injury would e referred to as a(n): A. avulsion B. laceration C. evisceration D. puncture - A (A puncture is created by an object that is typically sharp and pointed. A laceration is defined as a jagged cut. An evisceration is typically referred to as organs protruding.) Ligaments connect: A. muscle to bone B. bones to tendon C. bone to bone D. muscle to tendons - C Which of the following heat emergencies is considered a true emergency? A. heat cramps B. heat exhaustion C. heat infarction D. heat stroke - D (Heat strokes are considered a true life threatening emergency. A heat stroke typically occurs after a patient as experienced heat cramps and heat exhaustion.) You are treating a patient who has overdosed on a narcotic. The greatest risk for this patient is: A. respiratory depression B. seizures C. hypertension D. hyperactivity - A Which of the following is NOT an imminent sign that birthing is going to occur? A. crowning has occurred B. contractions are 5 minutes apart C. the patient feels the infant's head moving down her birth canal D. the patient's abdomen is very hard - B Which of the following patient characteristics does NOT represent a potential for violence? A. quick irregular movements B. threatening posture C. large, muscular individual D. loud, thunderous voice - C There are hollow and solid organs in the abdomen. The gallbladder is considered a hollow organ. A ruptured hollow organ such as the gallbladder is most commonly associated with: A. severe bleeding B. inflammation and infection C. gall stones D. appendicitis - B A 29 year old male has taken LSD. The patient appears very anxious and in a panic state. He is showing signs of paranoia. You should: A. agree withe everything the patient says B. restrain the patient C. be aggressive and talk very straight and stern to the patient D. talk the patient down by reassuring the patient - D The most serious side effect of alcohol consumption is: A. liver damage B. hepatitis C. death D. loss of consciousness - C You arrive on the scene of an incident where a 16 year old male fell approximately 12 feet. That would be considered: A. a trauma alert B. a significant mechanism of injury C. not a significant mechanism of injury D. a case with a load 'n' go patient - C (A patient over the age of 8 is considered an adult for most medical care purposes. A fall of greater than 20 feet is considered a significant injury in adults. If this had been an infant or child, it would have been a significant mechanism of injury since any fall greater than 10 feet would be considered a significant mechanism of injury.) When assessing a 35 year old patient complaining she is short of breath, you note that her breathing is in excess of 28 times per minute. This is considered: A. neuropnea B. apnea C. bradypnea D. tachypnea - D (Respiratory rates greater than 20 breaths per minute are considered tachypnea. Less than 12 breaths per minute is bradypnea and absent breathing is apnea.) You arrive on the scene of a patient who fell from a ladder. You should open the patient's airway by using: A. head-tilt/chin-lift B. jaw thrust maneuver C. neck-lift/head-tilt D. head-tilt/jaw-thrust - B You arrive on the scene, finding an unconscious patient. There are no other individuals in the vicinity to give any other information or permission to treat the patient. Even though the patient cannot give you consent to treat him, you begin to do so because of" A. expressed consent B. implied consent C. advanced directives D. emergency consent - B The AED is used to treat patients in: A. asystole B. ventricular tachycardia with a pulse C. ventricular fibrillation D. pulseless electrical activity - C You arrive on the scene to discover a 65-year-old female lying on the floor of her living room. Your first step in the care of this patient is to" A. begin chest compressions B. apply the AED C. maintain an open airway D. assess level of consciousness - D You arrive on the scene to find an unconscious patient about 14 years of age. Where would you assess for a pulse on this patient? A. carotid artery B. brachial artery C. femoral artery D. radial artery - A The appropriate care for a patient with epistaxis is to: A. have the patient lay down and remain calm B. pinch the nostrils and have the patient lean forward C. pinch the nostrils and have the patient lean back D. have the patient lay in a supine position with his head lower than the body - B (Epistaxis is a nose bleed. In these cases you should have the patient pinch their nose and lean forward.) During your assessment of a patient's chest you note that the left side of the chest moves opposite to the right. This is called: A. crepitus B. paradigmal motion C. subcutaneous emphysema D. paradoxical movement - D A minute after a baby is born, the heart rate is less than 60 beat per minute. You should: A. blow by oxygen B. attempt to stimulate the newborn C. aggressively warm the newborn D. begin chest compressions - D You arrive on the scene to find an unresponsive female patient who is in her car in the garage. The car is still running and the door is closed. Looking through an outside window, your next action would be to: A. attempt and immediate rescue B. open the large garage door and any other outside openings C. wait for the car to run out of gas D. shut the car off immediately and remove the patie - B When you listen to the lungs of an asthma patient you would expect to hear: A. wheezes B. rales C. stridor D. rhonchi - A Tidal volume is best defined as the: A. volume of air inhaled on a single breath B. volume of air that remains in the upper airway C. total volume of air that the lungs are capable of holding D. volume of air moved in and out of the lungs each minute - A (average is 500 ml) During transport of a patient with a head injury, what assessment factor will provide you with the most information regarding the patient's condition? A. pupil size B. heart rate C. mental status D. blood pressure - C Which of the following would findings would be most significant during an assessment of a patient with a severe headache? A. pain in both legs B. chest discomfort C. unilateral weakness D. abdominal tenderness - C Seizures in children most often are the result of: A. a life threatening infection B. a temperature greater than 102 F C. an abrupt rise in body temperature D. an inflammatory process in the brain - C A 34-year-old woman, who is 36 weeks pregnant, is having a seizure. After you protect her airway and ensure adequate ventilation, you should transport her: A. on her left side B. in the prone position C. in the supine position D. in a semisitting position - A Snoring respirations are most rapidly managed by A. suctioning the oropharynx B. initiating assisted ventilations C. correctly positioning the head D. inserting an oropharyngeal airway - C The scene size-up includes all of the following components, except: A. determining scene safety B. applying personal protective gear C. assessing the need for assistance D. evaluating the mechanism of injury - B Which of the following actions should be carried out during the initial assessment? A. assessing the skin B. palpating the cranium C. auscultating the lungs D. obtaining a blood pressure - A Firefighters have rescued a man from his burning house. He is conscious and in considerably respiratory distress. He has a brassy cough and singed nasal hairs. The most immediate threat to this patient's life is: A. hypothermia B. severe burns C. severe infection D. closure of the airway - D (Because of the signs and symptoms that this patient is exhibiting, you must be immediately concerned with the potential for closure of the airway and be prepared to assist ventilations. Signs of airway burns include respiratory distress, singed nasal hairs, a brassy cough, difficulty breathing and coughing up soot sputum. Infection, the burns themselves and hypothermia should concern you; however, airway problems are the greatest threat to human life.) Immediately upon delivery of a newborn's head, you should first: A. dry the face B. cover the eyes C. suction the nose D. suction the mouth - D Which of the following conditions would most likely cause flushed skin? A. shock B. hypoxia C. exposure to heat D. low blood pressure - C (Flushed or red skin commonly is seen in patients who are exposed to heat. Fever can also cause flushed skin. Shock and low blood pressure generally cause the skin to become pale, and hypoxia causes cyanosis, a bluish-gray tint to the skin.) After a patient has a seizure, they will have a gradual state of awakening. This phase of a seizure is called: A. the tonic phase B. the postictal phase C. the clonic phase D. an aura - B The process of losing heat through direct contact is called: A. radiation B. convection C. conduction D. evaporation - C You are called to assist s SCUBA diver who is having trouble breathing. The patient states that it started approximately 15 minutes after she surfaced. She complains of chest pain, dizziness, blurred vision and nausea and vomiting. The patient is most likely suffering from: A. pneumothorax B. decompression sickness C. barotrauma D. an air embolism - D (Any of these could be associated with dive incidents but these signs and symptoms are indicative of an air embolism. Divers who suffer from decompression sickness, or the bends, typically do not develop signs and symptoms of the bends for 12 to 24 hours after their dive. Barotrauma usually occurs as the diver is ascending or descending.) You are called to the home of a 20-year-old male who is depressed. The patient states he is going to kill himself. Your first step in treating this patient after the scene is safe is to: A. restrain the patient to prevent him from hurting himself B. ask the patient why he wants to do something so stupid C. ask the patient how he plans t kill himself D. turn the scene over to law enforcement - C (At this point, the scene is safe and the patient does not appear to be a threat to anyone. Restraining him would not be appropriate. No matter how you feel about what the patient is going to do, it is inappropriate for you to say that the patient is going to do something stupid. You should continue your treatment of the patient and not turn the scene over to law enforcement.) The patient is bleeding severely from the lower leg. You have applied direct pressure and elevated the leg. Your next step is to: A. apply a tourniquet B. apply direct pressure C. apply pressure at the pressure point D. elevate the arm - C When treating an eye injury involving an impaled object, it is important to: A. cover both eyes and stabilize the object B. cover the affected eye and stabilize the object C. stabilize the object and do not cover either eye D. remove the object and cover both eyes - A You have successfully converted your cardiac arrest patient out of v-fib with your AED. The patient has a pulse and respirations are 6 per minute. You should: A. continue CPR B. monitor patient C. administer 15 LPM via NRB D. continue to assist the patient with ventilations via a BVM and oxygen - D Which of the following arryhythmias should be shocked using an AED? A. asystole B. ventricular tachycardia C. pulseless electrial activity D. atrial fibrillation - B A soft-tissue injury that results in a flap of torn skin is referred to as: A. an incision B. an avulsion C. an abrasion D. a laceration - B When is it most appropriate to clamp and cut the umbilical cord? A. as soon as the cord stops pulsating B. after the placenta has completely delivered C. before the newborn has taken its first breath D. immediately following delivery of the newborn - A You are treating a patient with a fractured femur. The most appropriate splint to use for this patient would be: A. a ladder splint B. the other leg C. two board splint D. a traction splint - D (A traction splint is used for femur fractures. Ladder splints are used for angulated fractures. Board splints are good to use for extremity fractures.) Albuterol is a medication administered by: A. injection B. inhalation C. absorption D. orally - B (Albuterol is a bronchodilator) You arrive on the scene of a tanker truck carrying a hazardous material. You should position your vehicle: A. 2,000 feet from the tanker truck B. uphill C. upwind D. all of the above - D You are treating a 35 year old conscious choking victim. The patient suddenly goes unresponsive. Your next step is to: A. attempt to ventilate the patient B. perform CPR C. deliver 5 abdominal thrusts D. deliver 5 chest thrusts - B You are the triage officer at the scene of a mass casualty incident. Which of the following patients should be treated first? A. A 37-year-old female patient who is unresponsive B. An 18-year-old male patient who is not breathing and has no pulse C. A 29-year-old male patient with a femur fracture D. An 8-year-old patient who is conscious but is having trouble breathing - A When treating children, all of the following are important considerations except: A. the fact that they are more susceptible to hypothermia B. the padding is needed when immobilizing C. that they should be treated just like adults D. that they have smaller airways - C When established a landing zone for a medical helicopter, the minimum area secured should be A. 100' x 100' B. 200' x 200' C. 50' x 50' D. 60' x 60' - A A 20-year-old patient was sexually assaulted. The patient states that she is hemorrhaging profusely from the vagina. You should A. do nothing and transport immediately B. apply a sterile sanitary napkin C. pack the vagina with sterile dressings D. have the patient squeeze her leg together and transport immediately - B A 45-year-old male was involved in a MVA. The patient is complaining of shortness of breath and chest pain. You recognize that the patient has JVD and the patient's pulse is weak and thready. You believe the patient has a pericardial tamponade. You distinguish that this is the problem with the patient by nothing or discovering A. decreased heart sounds B. patient has JVD C. narrowing pulse pressure D. patient is complaining of chest pain - C You arrive on scene to find a patient who had a productive cough for the past two weeks. The patient is complaining of a fever and night sweats. Your next step would be to A. obtain a better medical history B. obtain vital signs C. immediately transport the patient to the hospital D. put the HEPA mask on - D You arrive at an emergency room to find that the nurses are busy taking care of other patients. You are getting off shift and want to get back to the station. You and your partner move the patient into a hospital bed, lay the report on the bed with the patient, and leave. You and your partner have just committed A. abandonment B. negligence C. appropriate patient care D. vicarious liability - A Which artery do you typically assess on an infant? A. brachial artery B. carotid artery C. femoral artery D. radial artery - A You are treating a patient suffering from anaphylactic shock. Which of the signs and symptoms would you likely see in this patient? A. urticaria, bradycardia, tachypnea, and stridor B. subcutaneous emphysema, bradycardia, dyspnea, and wheezing C. urticaria, hypertension, tachypnea, and tachycardia D. urticaria, tachycardia, tachypnea, and hypotension - D When you grab a backboard, you realize that blood remains from an earlier call. With your hand covered in blood, your first step towards decontamination should be: A. contacting your Infection Control Officer B. washing your hands with soap and water C. completing exposure control forms D. going to the emergency department for admission - B Which of the following is the most common cause of suicide? A. alcohol B. drugs C. depression D. the holidays - C You are called to the scene of a possible drowning at a local pool. When you arrive on the scene, a bystander is holding the patient at the surface of the water. The patient is unconscious. Your next step is to: A. being rescue breathing B. remove the patient from the pool C. start CPR D. apply cervical and spinal immobilization - D You arrive on the scene of a patient who says that she was bitten by fire ants. She has bites all over her legs. Your first step in treating this patient would be to: A. apply high flow oxygen and remove any jewelry B. cleanse the bites with alcohol to remove the sting C. transport the patient to the hospital D. use her epi-injector - You are treating a patient with frostbite. Which of the following actions should be taken? A. break any blisters on the wound B. apply direct heat to the affected area C. rub or massage the affected area D. remove any jewelry from the afflicted limb - D [Show Less]
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NREMT Practice Exam Questions and Answers 2022/2023
NREMT Practice Exam Questions and Answers 2022/2023 Which of the following indicates that a patient is in decompensated shock? A: Restlessness and ... [Show More] anxiety B: Diaphoresis and pallor C: Tachycardia and tachypnea D: Falling blood pressure - ANSWER D | Reason: During shock, the compensatory mechanisms of the body attempt to maintain the blood pressure. This is accomplished by increases in heart rate, shunting of blood from the skin to more vital organs, and increasing the respiratory rate to increase the oxygen content of the blood. Once these compensatory mechanisms fail, the blood pressure will fall (hypotension). Hypotension signifies a state of decompensated shock. You must not rely on the patient's blood pressure as an indicator of overall perfusion. Restlessness, anxiety, tachycardia, tachypnea, and cool clammy skin (diaphoresis) are earlier signs of shock and do not necessarily indicate a decompensated state. Which of the following is MOST indicative of a primary cardiac problem? A: Irregular pulse B: Tachypnea C: Sudden fainting D: Tachycardia - ANSWER A | Reason: An irregular pulse signifies an abnormality within the electrical conduction system of the heart. Tachycardia, sudden fainting (syncope), and tachypnea (rapid breathing) can indicate many things other than cardiac problems, such as shock, heat-related problems, and diabetic complications. You should always consider the possibility of a cardiac problem in a patient with an irregular pulse. A 50-year-old man presents with crushing chest pain of sudden onset. He is diaphoretic, apprehensive, and tachypneic. You should: A: obtain baseline vital signs. B: apply supplemental oxygen. C: ask him if he takes nitroglycerin. D: perform a complete physical exam. - ANSWER B: | Reason All of the interventions and assessments listed in this question should be performed on a patient who presents with chest pain, pressure, or discomfort. However, supplemental oxygen is indicated for any patient with a potential cardiac problem and should be given as soon as possible; this is especially true when the patient has potential respiratory involvement as well (ie, dyspnea, tachypnea). Administer oxygen in a concentration sufficient to maintain an oxygen saturation of 94% or greater. Aspirin (up to 325 mg) should also be administered as soon as possible, unless the patient is allergic to it. After applying oxygen and administering aspirin, you should perform a physical exam and obtain baseline vital signs. You would inquire about any prescription medications the patient is taking (eg, NTG) during the SAMPLE history. Immediately following a generalized motor seizure, most patients are: - ANSWER D: | Reason -After a generalized (grand mal) motor seizure, the patient typically will be confused, sleepy, or in some cases, combative. This is referred to as the postictal phase. The patient's level of consciousness typically improves within 30 minutes. In many cases, the patient's respirations will be fast (tachypnea) following a seizure; this is the body's attempt to eliminate excess carbon dioxide that accumulated in the blood during the seizure. Freshly oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the ? A:vena cavae. B:aorta. C:pulmonary artery. D:pulmonary vein. - ANSWER D: - Reason | The pulmonary vein is the only vein that carries oxygen-rich blood. It carries blood from the lungs back to the left atrium. All other veins in the human body, including the vena cavae, carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. The aorta is the largest artery in the body and branches immediately from the left ventricle, carrying freshly oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for reoxygenation. A 42-year-old man was ejected from his car after it struck a bridge pillar at a high rate of speed. You find him in a prone position approximately 50 feet from his car. He is not moving and does not appear to be breathing. You should: A:manually stabilize his head. B:administer high-flow oxygen. C:assess his breathing effort. D:use the jaw-thrust maneuver. - ANSWER A: | Reason - When a trauma patient is found in a prone ( face down ) position, especially if he or she is unresponsive, your first action should be to manually stabilize his or her head; this action is based on the assumption that he or she has a spinal injury. Next, log roll the patient to a supinr position ( while continuing to manually stabilize the head) , open the air way with the jaw thrust maneuver , clear the airway with suction if needed, and access for breathing, it would be extremely difficult to adequately open the patients airway while he or she is in a prone position. Depending on the patients breathing effort, administer high flow of oxygenor ventilate using a bag mask device The safest emergency vehicle operator is one who: A:has a positive attitude. B:drives with lights and siren. C:drives with due regard. D:is physically fit. - ANSWER C : - One of the most important attributes of a safe emergency vehicle operator is the ability to drive with due regard for others. This means that the operator must be aware of others around him or her and to keep their safety in mind. The EMT should never assume that all drivers will see or hear the ambulance. A positive attitude about one's ability to safely operate an emergency vehicle is also an important attribute. Although sometimes indicated for the patient's condition, the use of lights and siren increase the risk of an ambulance crash. You are dispatched to the scene of a motorcycle crash. Upon arrival, you find the patient lying facedown approximately 25 feet from his bike. He is not wearing a helmet and is moaning. You should: A:apply a cervical collar. B:evaluate the status of his airway. C:stabilize his head manually. D:log roll him to a supine position. - ANSWER You selected C; This is correct! Reason: The mechanism of injury for this patient was significant. In his present position (prone), you cannot effectively assess his airway. Therefore, your first action should be to manually stabilize his head. Then, you must log roll him into a supine position, keeping his head in an in-line position. If possible, log roll him directly onto a long backboard. After the patient is supine, assess the status of his airway, assess his breathing adequacy, administer high-flow oxygen or begin assisted ventilations if needed, and continue with your primary assessment. Apply a cervical collar as soon as possible, but assess his posterior neck first. Internal or external bleeding would be especially severe in a patient: A:who is hypotensive. B:with hemophilia. C:with heart disease. D:who takes aspirin. - ANSWER You selected B; This is correct! Reason: Hemophilia is a condition in which the patient lacks one or more of the blood's clotting factors. There are several forms of hemophilia, most of which are hereditary and some of which are severe. Sometimes bleeding occurs spontaneously in patients with hemophilia. Because the patient's blood does not clot, all injuries, no matter how minor they appear, are potentially serious. Aspirin does not destroy the blood's clotting factors; it decreases the ability of platelets to stick together. Although this may cause prolonged bleeding time, the patient with hemophilia, who lacks key clotting factors, will bleed more severely. Many patients with heart disease take aspirin daily to prevent clot formation in a coronary artery. When blood pressure is low (hypotension), the driving force of the blood through the blood vessels is reduced; as a result, bleeding tends to be less severe relative to patients with high blood pressure. Unfortunately, however, hypotension indicates decompensated shock. When you arrive at a residence for a man who is "not acting right," you enter the house and find him sitting on his couch. Which of the following findings would be MOST indicative of an altered mental status? A:Odor of alcohol. B:Slurred speech. C:Tired appearance. D:Eyes are closed. - ANSWER You selected B; This is correct! Reason: Often, an altered mental status can be difficult to assess, especially if you do not know how the patient normally acts. However, there are key findings that should increase your index of suspicion. An abnormal speech pattern, such as slurring or incoherent words, can be the result of a diabetic problem, alcohol intoxication, or drug ingestion. All of these can cause an altered mental status. The odor of alcohol suggests intoxication as a potential cause of his problem, but cannot be quantified. Just because the patient's eyes or closed or he has a tired appearance does not necessarily indicate that he has an altered mental status. A 50-year-old woman with a history of epilepsy is actively seizing. Care for this patient should focus primarily on: A:protecting her from injury and ensuring adequate ventilation. B:administering high-flow oxygen and requesting an ALS ambulance. C:frequently suctioning her airway and carefully restraining her. D:placing a bite block in between her molars and giving her oxygen. - ANSWER The correct answer is A; Reason: Seizure deaths are most frequently the result of hypoxia. When a person is actively seizing, he or she is not breathing adequately. Your primary focus when treating a seizure patient is to protect him or her from injury and to ensure adequate ventilation and oxygenation. Many seizing patients require assisted ventilation. Suction the oropharynx only if the patient has secretions in his or her mouth. Do NOT insert anything into the mouth of a seizing patient; doing so may cause an airway obstruction or damage the soft tissues of the mouth, resulting in bleeding. Do not attempt to restrain an actively seizing patient; doing so may result in musculoskeletal injuries. Request an ALS ambulance per your local protocols A 16-year-old, 125-pound male ingested a bottle of aspirin approximately 20 minutes ago. Medical control orders you to administer activated charcoal in a dose of 1 g/kg. How much activated charcoal should you administer? A: 51g B: 60g C: 57g D: 54g - ANSWER A: First, you must determine the patient's weight in kilograms (kg). Either of the following formulae can be used to convert pounds to kilograms: Formula 1: weight (in pounds) ÷ 2.2 = weight in kg. Formula 2: weight (in pounds) ÷ 2 - 10% = weight in kg. On the basis of the above formulae, a 125-pound patient weighs 57 kg. Using formula 1, the equation is as follows: 125 (weight in pounds) ÷ 2.2 = 56.81 (57 [rounded to the nearest tenth]). Using formula 2, the equation is as follows: 125 (weight in pounds) ÷ 2 = 62.5 (63 [rounded to the nearest tenth] - 6.3 (10% of 63) = 56.7 (57 [rounded to the nearest tenth]). Since the drug order is for 1 g/kg, you should administer 57 g of activated charcoal to your 125-pound patient. When caring for a patient with an acute behavioral crisis, your primary concern should be: A:gathering all of the patient's medications. B:ensuring you and your partner's safety. C:providing safe transport to the hospital. D:obtaining a complete past medical history. - ANSWER You selected B; This is correct! Reason: When caring for a patient with a behavioral or emotional crisis, your primary concern should be for your own personal safety as well as your partner's safety. Your ultimate goal is to transport the patient to the hospital safely. Gather as much medical history information as possible, but keep in mind that many patients experiencing an emotional or behavioral crisis will not readily provide this information. It is important to remember that patients with emotional or behavioral crises may appear calm initially; however, there is always the potential for them to turn violent. Following an apparent febrile seizure, a 4-year-old boy is alert and crying. His skin is hot and moist. Appropriate treatment this child includes: A:rapidly cooling the child in cold water. B:keeping the child warm and providing transport. C:offering oxygen and providing transport. D:allowing the parents to tranport - ANSWER You selected C; This is correct! Reason: Most children with febrile seizures do not have any permanent aftereffects. The most appropriate treatment is to offer the child oxygen (usually via the blow-by technique), allow a parent to accompany the child in the back of the ambulance, and transport to the hospital. Although most seizures in children result from a simple infection (ie, ear infection) that causes an abrupt rise in body temperature, other illnesses such as meningitis and encephalitis can cause seizures as well and are far more serious. For this reason, any child with fever and seizures should be evaluated in the emergency department. Rapid cooling of the child should be avoided as this will likely cause shivering, which could abruptly increase the child's temperature and cause another seizure. Children with a fever should be kept cool during transport (ie, removing clothing), but not to the point where they shiver. When you begin to assess a woman in labor, she states that her contractions are occurring every 4 to 5 minutes and lasting approximately 30 seconds each. Which of the following questions would be MOST appropriate to ask next? A:Has your bag of waters broken yet? B:At how many weeks gestation are you? C:How many other children do you have? D:Have you had regular prenatal care? - ANSWER The correct answer is B; Reason: When assessing a patient in labor, the first question you should ask is how far along in the pregnancy she is. If she is at less than 37 weeks gestation (37 to 42 weeks is term), you should prepare for possible resuscitation of the newborn if delivery occurs in the field. Other questions, such as asking if her amniotic sac (bag of waters) has ruptured and whether or not she has received prenatal care, also can help you anticipate and prepare for potential complications. You should also inquire as to how many times the patient has been pregnant, regardless of whether she carried the baby to term (gravida), and the number of times she has carried a baby beyond 28 weeks, regardless of whether it was born dead or alive (para). Management for a women who presents with a prolapsed umbilical cord includes all of the following, EXCEPT: A:lifting the baby's head off of the umbilical cord. B:relieving pressure off of the cord by gently pulling on it. C:placing the mother in a position that elevates her hips. D:ensuring that the cord stays moist during transport. - ANSWER You selected B; This is correct! Reason: Management of a prolapsed umbilical cord includes administering high-flow oxygen to the mother; placing the mother in a position that elevates her hips (eg, knee-chest position); carefully inserting your gloved fingers into the vagina to lift the baby's head off of the cord; ensuring that the cord stays moist by covering it with moist, sterile dressings; and transporting rapidly. Never make any attempt to pull on the umbilical cord for any reason; doing so may damage the cord, resulting in severe hemorrhage. A 6-year-old boy presents with a high fever, a headache, and a stiff neck. He is conscious, but is not acting as a normal 6-year-old boy should. His mother told you that he vomited once before your arrival. You should be MOST concerned with: A:the risk of permanent neurological damage. B:the potential for a febrile seizure. C:treating him for severe dehydration. D:performing a secondary assessment at the scene. - ANSWER The correct answer is A; Reason: The child's symptoms (eg, high fever, headache, stiff neck [nuchal rigidity]) are consistent with meningitis, inflammation and infection of the protective coverings of the brain and spinal cord (meninges). Meningitis can be viral, bacterial, or fungal in nature. One form of meningitis, Neisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis), deserves special attention. N. meningitidis is a bacterium that causes a rapid onset of symptoms, and can cause shock, permanent neurological damage, or death; this should be your primary concern. Administer oxygen as tolerated and transport without delay. If the child experiences a seizure, it will likely be the result of increased intracranial pressure secondary to meningitis, not his fever. Nonetheless, you should monitor him carefully and be prepared to treat any seizure activity. The child may be dehydrated; however, there is little you can do for this at the scene; again, transport without delay. A secondary assessment should be performed, if time permits; however, this should be performed en route to the hospital. Which of the following statements regarding crowning is correct? A:It is safe to transport the patient during crowning if the hospital is close. B:Crowning represents the end of the second stage of labor. C:Crowning always occurs immediately after the amniotic sac has ruptured. D:Gentle pressure should be applied to the baby's head during crowning. - ANSWER You selected D; This is correct! Reason: Crowning occurs when the baby's head is visible at the vaginal opening; it is an obvious sign of delivery in progress. When crowning is observed, you should apply gentle pressure to the infant's head to prevent an explosive delivery. Care must be taken to avoid putting pressure on the fontanelles (the soft spots on the infant's head). Crowning represents the end of the first stage of labor and the beginning of the second stage; it does not always occur immediately after the amniotic sac has ruptured. If the infant's head is born and the amniotic sac is still intact, you need to pinch the thin membrane with your fingers, which will usually cause the sac to easily rupture, and then suction the infant's mouth and nose. Upon arriving at a scene in which a tanker truck overturned and is spilling an unknown liquid on the ground, you should: A:quickly identify the material. B:park upwind from the scene. C:turn off your warning lights. D:stay downhill from the scene. - ANSWER The correct answer is B; Reason: At the scene of a potential or actual hazardous materials incident, you should park the ambulance in an area that is both upwind and uphill from the incident. However, you must be prepared to quickly relocate if the wind direction changes. Staying uphill is important because many hazardous materials collect in low-lying areas, such as valleys. After ensuring that you are in a safe place, attempt to identify the chemical involved by reading the placard on the tanker (with binoculars) and referencing the placard number in the emergency response guidebook (ERG). You are called to a local park for a 7-year-old boy with respiratory distress. During your assessment, you find that the patient is wheezing and has widespread hives and facial edema. What should you suspect has occurred? A:Heat illness B:Poison oak exposure C:Acute asthma attack D:Allergic reaction - ANSWER You selected D; This is correct! Reason: Wheezing, hives, and edema are hallmark findings of an allergic reaction. In this case, the patient is having a severe reaction. Although wheezing occurs in patients with asthma, hives and facial edema do not. Wheezing is not associated with head-related illnesses. Exposure to poison oak or poison ivy causes a local reaction, such as redness and itching or burning; it is not commonly associated with systemic symptoms. Your assessment of a mother in labor reveals that a fetal limb is protruding from the vagina. Management of this situation should include: A:applying gentle traction to the protruding limb to remove pressure of the fetus from the umbilical cord. B:positioning the mother in a semi-Fowler's position, administering oxygen, and providing transport. C:giving the mother 100% oxygen and attempting to manipulate the protruding limb so that delivery can occur. D:positioning the mother with her hips elevated, administering high-flow oxygen, and providing transport. - ANSWER You selected D; This is correct! Reason: Limb presentations represent a dire emergency for the newborn and do not spontaneously deliver in the field. You should position the mother in a manner so that her hips are elevated in an attempt to slide the infant slightly back into the birth canal and remove pressure from the umbilical cord. Administer high-flow oxygen to the mother, cover the protruding limb with a sterile sheet (or any clean sheet, if a sterile sheet is not available), and transport immediately. Do NOT pull on the protruding limb as this may cause injury to the newborn. You are called to treat a 55-year-old man who is experiencing difficulty breathing. After making contact with your patient, he extends his arm out to allow you to take his blood pressure. This is an example of: A:implied consent. B:informed consent. C:actual consent. D:formal consent. - ANSWER You selected C; This is correct! Reason: Actual consent, also referred to as expressed consent, is when the patient asks for your help outright. This may also include nonverbal gestures, such as extending the arm to you to allow you to take the blood pressure. Informed consent involves explaining your proposed treatment to the patient, including the potential benefits and risks of the treatment. Implied consent involves treating an unresponsive patient or minor child (when the parents are not present) based on the assumption that the patient (or the parents of a minor) would consent to emergency treatment. You arrive at the scene where a man fell approximately 40 feet and landed on his head. He is unresponsive, has agonal gasps, and a weak carotid pulse. Further assessment reveals an open head injury with exposed brain matter. Upon identifying this patient as an organ donor, you should: A:recognize that the patient's injuries disqualify him as an organ donor. B:provide rapid transport only because the patient likely will not survive. C:request authorization from medical control not to initiate care. D:manage the patient aggressively and provide rapid transport. [Show Less]
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2022/2023 NREMT exam questions and answers
2022/2023 NREMT exam questions and answers what is widely considered to mark the beginning of the modern EMS system? - ANSWER Accidental Death and Di... [Show More] sability: The neglected disease of Modern Society (a.k.a The White Paper) EMS care today is based on: - ANSWER evidence-based medicine what describes the EMT level of training? - ANSWER oxygen and ventilation skills, pulse oximetry, and administration of certain medications EMT roles and responsibilities include - ANSWER strong written and verbal communication skills What EMT activity is considered high risk for the patient? - ANSWER transferring patient care if you believe a scene to be unsafe, you should: - ANSWER leave the area and call for additional resources what statement regarding stress is correct? - ANSWER stress in an inevitable consequence of the profession what is a formalized process to help emergency workers deal with stress? - ANSWER Critical Incident Stress Management what provides the best protection from exposure to an airborne disease? - ANSWER HEPA mask what move is used when the scene is dangerous and the patient must be moved before providing care? - ANSWER emergency move what term refers to the actions an EMS provider is legally allowed to perform based on license or certification level? - ANSWER scope of practice what term refers to the degree of care a reasonable person with similar training should provide in a similar situation? - ANSWER standard of care what is specific to resuscitation efforts and does not affect treatment prior to the patient entering cardiac arrest? - ANSWER DNR order during a negligence lawsuit, if the injury to the plaintiff was, at least in part, due to the EMT's action or inaction, what component of negligence is the EMT guilty of? - ANSWER proximate cause what is a definitive sign of death? - ANSWER decapitation what federal agency regulates all radio operations in the United States? - ANSWER Federal Communications Commission (FCC) What statement regards EMS radio communication correctly? - ANSWER use clear text, not radio codes, for EMS communications what is an example of an objective observation? - ANSWER the patient has slurred speech and an unsteady gait your medical direction has just ordered administration of a medication for your patient. you should immediately: - ANSWER repeat the order back to ensure you have understood it correctly what statement regards the transfer of care report correctly? - ANSWER transfer of care must include a verbal report to an equal or higher medical authority what suggestion should you follow regarding patient care reports (PCR?) - ANSWER if you didn't do it, don't write that you did the minimum data set on a PCR includes: - ANSWER dispatch times your PCR has a section that allows you to free text a description of the call. this is known as the: - ANSWER narrative section your patient is complaining of knee pain following a fall from a bicycle. you ask the patient if he has any neck pain and he states that he does not. in this case, neck pain would be considered: - ANSWER a pertinent negative what abbreviations should you use on your PCR? - ANSWER only abbreviations approved by your agency and medical director what statement on homeostasis is correct? - ANSWER homeostasis is a state of balance or equilibrium within the body the frontal plane divides the body into: - ANSWER anterior and posterior portions from anatomical position, what is a lateral bone in the forearm? - ANSWER the radius ventral refers to the: - ANSWER anterior surface your adult patient is unconscious, breathing adequately, and has a pulse. there is no indication of trauma. the patient should be positioned in: - ANSWER recovery position while assessing an infant, you note depressed fontanelles. this indicates that the infant is: - ANSWER most likely dehydrated your patient is two years old. she would be considered a(n): - ANSWER toddler to ease a child's anxiety, it is usually best to: - ANSWER keep caregivers close by eating disorders are more common among which age group? - ANSWER adolescents accidental trauma is the leading cause of death in what age group? - ANSWER young adults what is the backup system to the CO2 drive? - ANSWER hypoxic drive you have initiated BVM ventilations for your apneic patient. what does it mean if the ventilations are delivering effectively? - ANSWER auscultate lung sounds what indicates a need for supplemental oxygen by nasal cannula or non breather? - ANSWER an SaO2 reading of 93% your patient to responsive to only painful stimuli. the airway is clear. how should you manage the airway? - ANSWER insert an NPA due to the risk of hypoxia, suction time should not exceed: - ANSWER 15 seconds for an adult while obtaining a patient history, you note the patient takes several prescription medications daily. this is known as: - ANSWER polypharmacy symptoms that are important to consider, but denied by the patient are known as: - ANSWER pertinent negatives during your assessment, you note the patient has irregular breathing. this means that the patient: - ANSWER presents with an abnormal breathing pattern your 5-year-old patient is unresponsive. to determine if chest compressions are indicated, you should immediately assess the: - ANSWER carotid pulse your trauma patient has a widening pulse pressure. you should suspect: - ANSWER a head injury what medication is administered enterally? - ANSWER oral glucose what medication is used to reverse the effects of an opioid overdose? - ANSWER narcan what is a common side effect of nitroglycerin administration? - ANSWER reduced blood pressure EMT's can help administer, but cannot carry, what medication? - ANSWER MDI medications (or nitroglycerin) what medication is an absorbent? - ANSWER activated charcoal you have completed the primary assessment on an unresponsive multi-system trauma patient. what should be done next? - ANSWER assess baseline vital signs what always precedes the patient history? - ANSWER primary assessment you have completed the primary on a conscious patient complaining of dyspnea. there is no trauma. what should be done next? - ANSWER obtain a patient history what is always your first priority while performing a physical exam on a patient? - ANSWER you and your partner's safety what is the purpose of the rapid scan? - ANSWER identify any remaining life-threats shock, or hypoperfusion, describes a state of: - ANSWER inadequate tissue perfusion your trauma patient has lost an unknown amount of blood. the patient is alert, his pulse rate is slightly elevated, and his bp is normal. based on this information, the patient is most likely experiencing: - ANSWER compensated shock you are assessing your patient for signs and symptoms of shock. you tachycardia and pale, cool skin. these findings are: - ANSWER examples of the body's defense mechanisms your patient presents with signs and symptoms of hypoperfusion. you note that the patients blood pressure is lower each time you reassess vitals. this indicates the patient is: - ANSWER in decompensated shock what statement regarding shock in pediatric patients is correct? - ANSWER pediatric patients can be in serious danger and still present without hypotension what is a slow disease process that obstructs and damages the lower airways and alveoli? - ANSWER COPD what is an emergency in which the heart does not pump effectively, leading to a backup of fluid and pulmonary edema? - ANSWER CHF (congestive heart failure) laryngotracheobronchitis is also known as: - ANSWER croup what are signs and symptoms of a pulmonary embolism? - ANSWER possible history of recent surgery, or long bone fracture; chest pain, tachypnea what is characterized by rapid breathing and is often associated with distraught patients? - ANSWER hyperventilation syndrome what is true regarding a rear-impact motor vehicle collision? - ANSWER neck injuries due to hyperextension are common the risk of ejection from a motor vehicle collision is highest with: - ANSWER a rollover your patient was a passenger in a vehicle that struck a tree. what is considered the "third collision" based on this mechanism? - ANSWER the patients internal organs striking the internal structures of the body what is true regarding vehicle safety restraint systems (SRS)? - ANSWER a vehicle SRS can reduce deceleration injuries your trauma patient presents with abdominal bruising and distention. what is most likely? - ANSWER internal bleeding your environmental patient is experiencing peripheral vasoconstriction and a slowing metabolic rate. the patient is most likely experiencing: - ANSWER a systemic cold emergency your patient was found wandering outside on a cold, calm night. the patient was only wearing shorts and shoes. what would most likely cause this patient to become hypothermic? - ANSWER radiation rewarming a hypothermic patient too rapidly can cause: - ANSWER ventricular fibrillation what is a common systemic heat emergency caused by a combination of heat exposure and hypovolemia? - ANSWER heat exhaustion if you suspect your patient is experiencing heat stroke, your cooling measures must/should be: - ANSWER rapid and aggressive what regarding cardiovascular changes in the pregnant patient is correct? - ANSWER pregnant patients are at an increased risk of anemia what is a common cause of bleeding in the pregnant patient during the 3rd trimester? - ANSWER placenta previa your patient is 37 weeks pregnant. she is complaining of headache, blurred vision, and swelling. you should suspect: - ANSWER preeclampsia your pregnant patient states her blood pressure has been high each of the last three times she has checked it. you should suspect: - ANSWER pregnancy-induced hypertension your patient is 37 weeks pregnant. you find her supine in bed complaining of weakness and nausea. you should immediately be concerned about: - ANSWER supine hypotensive syndrome you are assessing a pediatric patient with bradycardia and an altered LOC. your immediate priority should be: - ANSWER assessment and management of suspected hypoxia what is one of the three key assessments of the Pediatric Assessment Triangle? - ANSWER appearance what statement is correct regarding management of a pediatric patient you suspect has been abused? - ANSWER you are legally required to report suspected abuse to the appropriate authorities what statement regarding the Rule of Nines for pediatric patients is correct? - ANSWER the pediatric rule of nines assigns a higher percentage to the head what statement regarding SIDS is correct? - ANSWER SIDS only applies to deaths that cannot be explained by autopsy your elderly patient has a curvature of the spine that causes her to have a rounded back. this is known as - ANSWER kyphosis your elderly female patient complains of weakness and non-specific abdominal pain. you should maintain a high index of suspicion for: - ANSWER atypical MI your elderly patient presents with pulmonary edema and respiratory distress. the patient has a history of hypertension and two previous MIs. you should suspect: - ANSWER left heart failure your elderly patient is overweight and recently had surgery for a long-bone fracture. he has decided to take a 12-hour flight overseas to relax and recover. this patient has multiple risk factors for: - ANSWER pulmonary edema your elderly patient complains of abdominal pain, coffee-ground-like emesis, and dark, tarry stool. you should suspect: - ANSWER GI bleeding your patient receives dialysis and has an AV shunt on the left arm. you should: - ANSWER avoid taking blood pressures on the left arm your patient has a tracheostomy tube and presents with signs of hypoxia. you should suspect the tube is partially obstructed, you should: - ANSWER suction the tracheostomy tube your patient has a stoma and requires supplemental oxygen. you should: - ANSWER place an oxygen mask over the stoma your patient is on a home ventilator. the ventilator appears to be malfunctioning. you should immediately: - ANSWER begin ventilating the patient with a BVM your hospice patient has a PCA pump. the PCA pump is used to: - ANSWER self-administer pain medication following a call, you clean and disinfect all of the equipment used. this occurs during the: - ANSWER postrun phase of a call emergency vehicles should usually travel: - ANSWER in the far left lane what is a recommended defensive driving tactic for emergency vehicle operators? - ANSWER always assume the other drivers do not hear or see you you have been asked to set up a landing zone for an incoming EMS helicopter. you should: - ANSWER ensure the LZ is clear of overhead obstructions when working around an EMS helicopter, you should NEVER approach the aircraft from: - ANSWER the rear what is an EMT's primary responsibility at a scene involving extrication or special operations? - ANSWER personal safety when working on roadways or around traffic, federal law requires that you: - ANSWER wear an approved, highly reflective safety vest due to shock-absorbing bumpers, you should approach vehicles involved in an accident from: - ANSWER the side you are caring for a patient involved in a motor vehicle accident. there is an underplayed airbag in the vehicle. you should: - ANSWER maintain about 2 feet of clearance between you and the airbag gaining access to the patient without any tools or breaking glass is known as: - ANSWER simple access the UN number on a diamond placard is used to: - ANSWER identify the substance using the ERG a diamond placard with 4 smaller placards of different colors is used for: - ANSWER fixed storage locations the blue diamond placard on a 4-diamond placard provides information about: - ANSWER health hazards you see the number 4 within a yellow placard on a 4-diamond placard at a storage facility. this means the facility contains: - ANSWER a material that may detonate spontaneously all EMT's are required to have hazardous materials training at the level of: - ANSWER First Responder Awareness what provides an adaptive, standardized approach to any domestic mass casualty incident? - ANSWER NIMS during a large incident, NIMS standards require the use of: - ANSWER clear text radio communications on large incidents, the incident commander is part of the: - ANSWER command section during a mass casualty incident, comprehensive treatment does NOT begin until: - ANSWER all patients have been triaged during an MCI incident, when is secondary triage completed? - ANSWER once the patient arrives in the treatment area what is the most common type of WMD incident? - ANSWER explosives primary blast injuries are caused by: - ANSWER the blast wave [Show Less]
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2022/2023 NREMT EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (verified Q&A)
NREMT EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (verified Q&A) Treatment for a responsive 4-year-old child with a mild airway obstruction, who has respiratory distr... [Show More] ess, a strong cough, and normal skin color, includes: - answersupplemental oxygen and transport Finger sweeps are ONLY indicated if - answerthe patient is unresponsive and you can see the object in his or her mouth Cellular respiration and cellular metabolism are best described as - answerthe use of oxygen and carbohydrates to produce energy and the creation of carbon dioxide and water byproducts. An absence seizure, also called a petit mal seizure, is characterized by - answera blank stare and an absence of tonic-clonic motor activity. A focal motor seizure - answeris isolated to one part of the body, such as an extremity, but can progress to a generalized (full body) seizure. You should assist with the delivery of the baby's head by: - answerplacing your fingers on the bony part of the skull and applying gentle pressure A child between 3 to 5 would have normal vitals if they are? - answerRespirations b/w 20-30 Pulse 80-120 Systolic bp 80-110 You receive a call for a 3-year-old girl with respiratory distress. When you enter her residence, you see the mother holding the child, who does not acknowledge your presence. This finding indicates that the child: - answerhas severe hypoxia When is it MOST appropriate to clamp and cut the umbilical cord? - answeras soon as the cord has stopped pulsating Which of the following is the MOST common cause of shock in infants and children? - answerdehydration A 5-year-old boy was struck by a car when he ran out into the street. When you arrive at the scene and approach the child, you see him lying supine approximately 15 feet from the car. Based on the child's age and mechanism of injury, which of the following should you suspect to be his PRIMARY injury? - answerpelvic injury You are called to the scene of a man down. Dispatch reports the man is pulseless and bystanders are doing CPR. According to the NREMT Cardiac Arrest management/AED skill sheet, which of the following sequences is appropriate? - answerComplete 1 cycle of CPR, attach AED, have everyone stand clear during rhythm check. Your patient is a 41 year old female who was found lying prone in the kitchen. She does not appear to be conscious andthere is a pool of saliva next to her head. You and your partner log roll her into a supine position while maintaining c-spine stabilization. Just as you get the woman rolled over her husband tells you that she has a previous history of heart attacks. What would be the most appropriate course of action to take next? - answerDo a jaw thrust to open her airway. Which position is MOST appropriate for a mother in labor with a prolapsed umbilical cord? - answersupine with hips elevated You are treating a 5-year-old child who has had severe diarrhea and vomiting for 3 days and is now showing signs of shock. Supplemental oxygen has been given and you have elevated his lower extremities. En route to the hospital, you note that his work of breathing has increased. You should: - answerlower the extremities and reassess the child After an advanced airway device (eg, ET tube, multilumen airway, supraglottic airway) has been inserted during cardiac arrest, ventilate the patient at a rate of_____________ breaths per minute (one breath every __________ seconds). This ventilation rate applies to all age groups, except the newborn. - answer8 to 10, 6 to 8 Excessive ventilation (eg, hyperventilation) is detrimental because it causes an increase in intrathoracic pressure, which - answerimpedes blood flow back to the heart and decreases coronary perfusion A 6-year-old boy presents with a high fever, a headache, and a stiff neck. He is conscious, but is not acting as a normal 6-year-old boy should. His mother told you that he vomited once before your arrival. You should be MOST concerned with: - answerthe risk of permanent neurological damage Signs and symptoms of Cushing's triad include all the following except - answertachycardia Your assessmment of a newborn reveals cyanosis to the chest and face and a heart rate of 90 beats/min. What should you do first? - answerbegin artificial ventilations Oxygen and other nutrients are transferred to the developing fetus via the: - answerumbilical vein Hypoxia-induced unresponsiveness during a submersion injury is usually the result of: - answerlaryngospasm General rules to follow when attempting to rescue a patient from the water include - answerreach, row, throw, then go You and your partner arrive at the home of a 60-year-old man with shortness of breath. As you enter the residence, you find the patient sitting in his recliner; he is in obvious respiratory distress. As you approach him, he becomes verbally abusive, stating that it took you too long to get to his home. A small handgun is sitting on a table next to his recliner. You should: - answerslowly back out of the residence and call law enforcement Which of the following statements regarding the function of insulin is correct? - answerfacilitates the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into the cell Which of the following is found just above the kidneys in the abdomen? - answerpancreas By the age of two months, an infant should be able to - answerrecognize faces and focus on things near to him Because fibrinolytic therapy decreases the blood's ability to clot, its use is limited to patients with ______ strokes. - answerischemic Which of the following are characteristics of late adulthood? - answerlung elasticity is diminished, pain perception is diminished, and metabolism is increased It would increase __________ in patients with hemorrhagic stroke; therefore, fibrinolytic therapy is contraindicated for these patients. - answerintracerebral bleeding You will also find that most postictal patients are __________; this is the result of an adrenalin surge that occurs during the tonic-clonic phase of the seizure. - answertachycardic Ticks can carry two infectious diseases: - answerLyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever The age that a person begins to develop a self-concept or self awareness is - answerschool-age Lyme disease signs/symptoms - answerrash beginning about 3 days after bite that may resemble bullseye pattern in 1/3 of patients swelling of joints (especially knees) The Adam's Apple is also known as the - answerlarynx Often, the first sign of inadequate breathing is - answera change in respiratory rate To determine the length of a catheter when suctioning an adult oropharynx, you would - answermeasure from the corner of the patient's mouth to the patient's ear. A bag valve mask that is not hooked up to oxygen will deliver ______% of oxygen to a patient and _____% of oxygen if hooked up. - answer21/100 - answer A respiratory disease where the patient loses surface area, causing them to trap air in their lungs is called: - answeremphysema The respiratory disease that causes a patient to attempt to compensate for los of available surface area in their lungs by making more red blood cells is called: - answeremphysema The structure used by both the respiratory system and the digestive system is called - answerpharynx You are treating a 4 year old female patient who has a barking cough that sounds like a seal. You expect that this patient has: - answercroup, resulting in swelling of the larynx You have used an AED on a patient in a cardiac arrest situation. You know it is time to transport the patient when - answerthe patient regains a pulse, a total of 6 shocks have been delivered, the AED has given 3 consecutive no shocks advised, the patient regains consciousness Rocky Mountain spotted fever signs/symptpoms - answersymptoms begin 7 to 10 days after infected bite nausea, vomiting, headache, weakness, paralysis, and possibly cardiopulmonary failure. Which of the following is a physiologic effect of epinephrine when used to treat anaphylactic shock? - answeras a bronchodilator and vasoconstrictor, it improves the patient's breathing and constricts the blood vessels and increases the patient's blood pressure. You are dispatched to a residence for a 20-year-old male with respiratory distress. When you arrive, you find that the patient has a tracheostomy tube and is ventilator dependent. His mother tells you that he was doing fine, but then suddenly began experiencing breathing difficulty. You should: - answerremove him from the mechanical ventilator and ventilate him manually. You have a patient who just started a new medication today. You arrive on scene and she is complaining of difficulty breathing. As you walk in, you hear a high pitched wheezing sound as she breathes. This means that - answerher laryngeal airway is swelling Wind chill is an example of - answerconvection You respond to a scene to find a patient who you expect to be the victim of prolonged hypothermic exposure; you can assume the patient is severe when - answerthe patient is not responding appropriately All of the following are signs and symptoms of superficial injury to tissue except - answerfirm or frozen feeling on palpation (indicates deep tissue damage) You receive a call to a restaurant where a 34-year-old man is experiencing shortness of breath. When you arrive, you immediately note that the man has urticaria on his face and arms. He is conscious, but restless, and is in obvious respiratory distress. You should: - answerplace a nonrebreathing mask set at 15 L/min on the patient When timing the contraction duration, it should be timed from the - answerbeginning of the contraction until the uterus relaxes If your patient has an arterial bleed on the forearm, the brachial artery would be - answermedial to the injury - apply pressure to the wound and assess the need for a tourniquet In general, you should avoid rewarming a frostbitten body part in the field if: - answerthe affected body part could refreeze after rewarming You are transporting a 30-year-old man who is experiencing an emotional crisis. The patient does not speak when you ask him questions. How should you respond to his unwillingness to speak? - answerremain silent until the patient speaks to you Jaundice (yellow sclera and skin) and right upper quadrant abdominal pain are not common early manifestations of hepatitis; they usually develop within ___________ into the disease process. - answer1 to 2 weeks A 73-year-old male presents with confusion; cool, pale, clammy skin; absent radial pulses; and a blood pressure of 70/40 mm Hg. The patient's wife tells you that he has had abdominal pain for a week and began vomiting a coffee-ground substance yesterday. His past medical history includes hypertension and gastric ulcer disease. Your MOST immediate concern should be that: - answerhe is in shock and requires prompt transport Patients with severe hypothermia (core body temperature < 86°F) who are in cardiac arrest should be managed with - answerbasic life support (chest compressions and ventilations), passive external rewarming (ie, removal of wet clothing, applying warm blankets) and rapid transport to the hospital where they can be actively rewarmed. Which of the following signs is LEAST suggestive of a diabetic emergency? - answerbradycardia narcotics - answerheroin, morphine, codeine, and meperidine (Demerol), propoxyphene (Darvon) barbiturates - answerphenobarbital benzodiazepines - answerValium, Klonopin, and Xanax difference between exertional heat stroke and classic heat stroke - answerclassic heat stroke patients usually have dry skin while exertional heat stroke patients tend to have moist skin Why should you not apply ice to a snakebite? - answerthis will cause local vasoconstriction and may force the venom deeper into the patient's circulation You have just controlled bleeding from an extremity using a pressure dressing. You should now - answercheck distal pulses, motor function, and sensory function accessory muscles used for inspiration - answersternocleidomastoids, scalene muscles, pectoralis minor muscles accessory muscles used for expiration - answerabdominal muscles, intercostal muscles All of the following are functions of the skin except - answerit serves as an area for blood vessels to be protected and flow through the body. The depression between the base of the tongue and the epiglottis is called - answervallecula The area that the endotracheal tube passes through is known as the - answerthe glottic opening In a rush, which of the following can give you a good idea of the appropriate tube size for a pediatric patient? - answercompare tube size to the patient's finger Post successful intubation, placing an oropharyngeal airway can be recommended because - answerthe OPA can function as a bite block [Show Less]
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2022/2023 NREMT Simulation Exam Questions and Answers
NREMT Simulation Exam Questions and Answers The R in OPQRST stands for? - ANSWER Radiate Why is it important to verify a person's blood pressure be... [Show More] fore giving that person nitro? - ANSWER If the person's systolic is under 100 it may drop the blood pressure too low Your patient is a 14-year-old girl who is complaining of vaginal pain after falling onto the center post of her bike. She is alone and very scared. She has called the accident in on her cell phone and stated that she is bleeding very badly and feeling faint. Besides treating for shock, what other things should you consider with this patient? - ANSWER Having a female EMT respond for the patient's modesty You are transporting an unconscious but breathing 55 year old male who has suffered a head injury. He has an oropharyngeal airway in place. You hear gurgling sounds during his respirations and you need to suction his airway. How should this be accomplished? - ANSWER By inserting the catheter and suctioning until the airway is clear 5. During blast trauma the tertiary blast phase would likely cause injury by ____________. - ANSWER Throwing the victim against a stationary object The GCS scale used in assessing consciousness measures what three things? - ANSWER Eye opening, verbal response, and motor response Another name for shock is _______________. - ANSWER Hypoperfusion What condition can ischemic heart disease present with? - ANSWER Acute pulmonary edema The A in AVPU stands for? - ANSWER Alert Which is not a route of medication administration? - ANSWER Suspension Risk factors, signs, or symptoms for suicide may include all of the following except: - ANSWER Psychosis On which side is the radius located? - ANSWER The thumb side of the arm What are the main differences between a child's airway and an adult's airway? - ANSWER A child's airway is narrower at the Cricoid ring and the tongue is larger in proportion to the mouth The root word rhin- refers to what? - ANSWER Nose Planning your message in advance before making a radio transmission will make it: - ANSWER More clear and precise Unique management considerations of black widow bites include all of the following except: - ANSWER Immobilize extremity What are the 3 different tests used within the GCS scale to measure a person's level of responsiveness? - ANSWER Eye opening, verbal response, and motor response CISD stands for ______________. - ANSWER Critical incident stress debriefing The signs and symptoms of heat-related illness (hot skin) include all of the following except: - ANSWER nausea Interventions are _____________. - ANSWER Things that are done to correct a problem The most important treatment when caring for a patient with an irritant gas exposure is? - ANSWER Ventilation Which patient has the right to refuse treatment? - ANSWER An adult who is alert and appears to have descision making capacity. Epinephrine is used to treat ____________________. - ANSWER Severe allergic reaction Amputation is? - ANSWER The traumatic removal of a body part You and your partner Gene respond to a report of a car vs. pedestrian. An elderly man has been struck by a car and is now on the sidewalk lying supine. Gene takes C-spine and you begin an initial assessment noticing that the man's breathing is fast and very shallow. He does not respond to you and also has some liquid or vomit running from his mouth. The best choice of action would be? - ANSWER Suction his mouth All of the following are examples of poisonous ingested substances except: - ANSWER Heroin The AVPU mnemonic is used to assess a patient's level of responsiveness. What does the letter P represent? - ANSWER Pain A subcutaneous injection should be done: - ANSWER At a 45 degree angle Alcohol abuse may present in all of the following ways except - ANSWER Increased resistance to infection Pneumonia is __________________ caused by ____________________. - ANSWER an acute respiratory inflammation / a virus Which of these items should you use during resuscitation of a child while using a BVM? - ANSWER A folded towel under the child's shoulders When a person has an ischemic stroke it is caused by? - ANSWER The blood not reaching parts of the brain Which of the following choices would you include in a detailed physical exam? - ANSWER Auscultating the lungs During reassessment, all of the following components of the chief complaint should be addressed except: - ANSWER Reassess neurological exam You are on scene with a 3 y/o female who had a witnessed seizure. Your assessment leads you to believe this was a febrile seizure. The child's airway is clear, and VS are good. The child is sleepy now. The parents want to know if they can transport the child to the ER in their own vehicle. What do you say? - ANSWER Inform them of the medical problems associated with seizures. Relate to them that oxygen therapy is very therapeutic, and that the child can be transported more safely in a recovery position in an ambulance. Also let them know that it is their choice, but they will have to sign a refusal of transport form if they choose to transport themselves. After the baby's head has delivered you should? - ANSWER Suction the mouth and nose then check if the cord is wrapped around the infant's neck A 16 year old female was riding her personal watercraft on a river when she hit a rock and was thrown into her steering wheel. She is having trouble breathing and is complaining of severe pain on both sides of her chest. Upon auscultation you hear no breath sounds on the right side. This patient may likely have a...? - ANSWER Pneumothorax You arrive on scene with your partner Enrique to find a man who has suffered a spinal injury and is showing signs of shock. Shock as the result of a spinal cord injury is likely caused by ______________________? - ANSWER The nervous system's inability to control the diameter of the vessels You are off duty at a college football game when you see a man at the concession counter fall to the ground. A doctor standing in line behind the man begins to assess and yells, "Call 911, he doesn't have a pulse!" You scan the area for an AED and see nothing. What should you do? - ANSWER Begin CPR and ask a bystander to locate an AED Management of hyperglycemia/ketoacidosis may include aspects of the following except: - ANSWER Oral glucose During secondary assessment, all of the following are aspects of monitoring the pulse that should be addressed except: - ANSWER feel Complications of orthopaedic trauma may include all of the following except: - ANSWER Wheezing Which of the following would be considered a priority patient? - ANSWER A 55-year-old female who has a blood pressure of 178/90 Dispatch has called you and your partner Diego to the scene of a multiple vehicle collision. Your triaged patient is a 6 year old boy who has facial lacerations and is pulseless. You and your partner begin CPR: - ANSWER At a ratio of 15:2 with a compression depth of 2 inches You and your partner Eli are treating a 76-year-old man who has fallen down a flight of stairs. He may have? - ANSWER CHF, MCI, All of above Tissue that connects muscle to bone is called ___________. - ANSWER A tendon If the blood does not contain enough oxygen (PO2) to properly perfuse the tissues it is called? - ANSWER Hypoxemia You and your partner Norm arrive on scene for an unknown illness of a child who is 4 years old. Which of the following choices of vital signs would show the patient is in stable condition? - ANSWER 24 breaths per minute, pulse 120, systolic BP 98 You are called to a youth summer camp for a 12 year old girl having difficulty breathing. En route to the camp you are told that a group of kids were having lunch when a hive of bees was disturbed near by. The kids took off running and when they stopped the patient began having a hard time breathing. She has no known allergies. What is the best course of action? - ANSWER Ask the girl if she is choking. Initiate treatment and immediate transport in a position of comfort M in the SAMPLE history stands for? - ANSWER Medications Dispatch has called you to a house fire where a 1 year old has one full leg burned as well as both arms. According to the rule of 9's, what percentage of this child's body is considered burned? - ANSWER 31.5 percent Assessment findings and symptoms for Cannabis include all of the following except: - ANSWER Organized thinking You and your partner Gustav have just arrived on scene to find a 50 year old woman lying on her side in the kitchen. She is not alert and you log roll her to a supine position with Gustav maintaining c spine. What would you do next? - ANSWER Give her a sternal rub to check responsiveness An upper airway obstruction may produce sounds like: - ANSWER High pitched sounds like stridor on inspiration AHA CPR Guidelines for adults says to deliver rescue breaths at what tidal volume? - ANSWER Enough to make the chest rise The fundamental pathophysiology of the immune systems response to allergens include all of the following except: - ANSWER Envenomation A patient with increased fluids in their tissues would be said to have: - ANSWER Edema Your patient was in a roll over and sustained a head injury as well as multiple lacerations. You recognize the Cheyne-Stokes breathing pattern that is? - ANSWER Abnormal breaths with periods of apnea If your unit is responsible for backcountry or steep terrain rescues, what special training should you have? - ANSWER Belaying You are assessing an 83 year old woman who has COPD and CHF. She is sitting upright in her chair and appears to understand that you are an EMT here to help her. You should? - ANSWER Be honest with the patient about her conditions Within the vascular system, pulses include all of following except: - ANSWER Anterior pulse During a physical exam, you note crepitus in a patient's left humerus. How is this sign observed? What is the most likely treatment? - ANSWER Auditory / Splinting Signs and symptoms of separation of the placenta from the uterine wall include all of the following except: - ANSWER Fever Of the answer choices, which is not among the aspects of blood pressure monitoring to be addressed during the second assessment? - ANSWER Strength About what percentage of a 30 year old's body is comprised of water? - ANSWER 60% Three glands of the endocrine system are? - ANSWER Adrenal, gonads, and thyroid During the focused history of the current illness you would use the mnemonic OPQRST to assess their illness. What question does the letter P represent? - ANSWER Provocation You are called to the scene of a one car rollover involving a 17-year-old male driver. When you arrive on scene an Emergency Medical Responder is already there as well as the police who had been trying to catch the driver for speeding. The patient is standing on the road talking to police and the vehicle is off the road in the trees lying on its side. The driver has small abrasions on both arms and both legs, but other than that he denies any pain anywhere. You should...? - ANSWER Put a collar on this patient and immobilize to a backboard Asthma is a recurring respiratory condition that: - ANSWER Involves the constriction of the bronchioles Your patient is a 76 year old male who is complaining of shortness of breath and weakness. Your initial assessment reveals that he is pale and diaphoretic and has a pulse of 140. His blood pressure is 170/90 and his breath sounds are moist. This man likely - ANSWER has left sided CHF and should be transported in a position of comfort which is usually sitting up Nitroglycerin is used to _________. - ANSWER Dilate the vessels A gastrostomy tube is a tube used for what purpose? - ANSWER Feeding a patient Your patient is a 19 year old female who is G4/P2/A1. Her boyfriend called 911 stating that the woman is a diabetic and pregnant in her third trimester. She is complaining of a headache, abdominal pain, and blurred vision. Upon arrival at the residence, you notice the woman's feet and fingers are swollen. Her pulse is 116 and her respirations are about 16 breaths per minute. The patient's blood pressure is 145/92 and auscultation of the lungs reveals rales. How many live births has this woman had? What is most likely wrong with her and how should she be treated? Choose the best answer. - ANSWER She has had 2 live births. She has preeclampsia and should be transported to the hospital in a left lateral position while on high flow O2. Initiate an IV line TKO if protocols and scope of practice allow Anatomical differences in a child's respiratory system can make opening and maintaining the airway a difficult and challenging process. Which of the following choices correctly states some of the problems and solutions associated with these anatomical differences? - ANSWER A child's tongue is larger and takes up considerably more room in the mouth. Using a tongue depressor to hold the tongue down while inserting an OPA without rotating it will be more effective than techniques used in adults. [Show Less]
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2022/2023 NREMT Practice Exam 223 Questions with Answers
NREMT Practice Exam 223 Questions with Correct Answers Treatment for a responsive 4-year-old child with a mild airway obstruction, who has respiratory ... [Show More] distress, a strong cough, and normal skin color, includes: >>>supplemental oxygen and transport Finger sweeps are ONLY indicated if >>> the patient is unresponsive and you can see the object in his or her mouth Cellular respiration and cellular metabolism are best described as >>>the use of oxygen and carbohydrates to produce energy and the creation of carbon dioxide and water byproducts. An absence seizure, also called a petit mal seizure, is characterized by >>> a blank stare and an absence of tonic-clonic motor activity. A focal motor seizure >>> is isolated to one part of the body, such as an extremity, but can progress to a generalized (full body) seizure. You should assist with the delivery of the baby's head by: >>> placing your fingers on the bony part of the skull and applying gentle pressure A child between 3 to 5 would have normal vitals if they are? >>> Respirations b/w 20-30 Pulse 80-120 Systolic bp 80-110 You receive a call for a 3-year-old girl with respiratory distress. When you enter her residence, you see the mother holding the child, who does not acknowledge your presence. This finding indicates that the child: >>> has severe hypoxia When is it MOST appropriate to clamp and cut the umbilical cord? >>> as soon as the cord has stopped pulsating Which of the following is the MOST common cause of shock in infants and children? >>> dehydration A 5-year-old boy was struck by a car when he ran out into the street. When you arrive at the scene and approach the child, you see him lying supine approximately 15 feet from the car. Based on the child's age and mechanism of injury, which of the following should you suspect to be his PRIMARY injury? >>>pelvic injury You are called to the scene of a man down. Dispatch reports the man is pulseless and bystanders are doing CPR. According to the NREMT Cardiac Arrest management/AED skill sheet, which of the following sequences is appropriate? >>>Complete 1 cycle of CPR, attach AED, have everyone stand clear during rhythm check. Your patient is a 41 year old female who was found lying prone in the kitchen. She does not appear to be conscious andthere is a pool of saliva next to her head. You and your partner log roll her into a supine position while maintaining c-spine stabilization. Just as you get the woman rolled over her husband tells you that she has a previous history of heart attacks. What would be the most appropriate course of action to take next? >>>Do a jaw thrust to open her airway. Which position is MOST appropriate for a mother in labor with a prolapsed umbilical cord? >>> supine with hips elevated You are treating a 5-year-old child who has had severe diarrhea and vomiting for 3 days and is now showing signs of shock. Supplemental oxygen has been given and you have elevated his lower extremities. En route to the hospital, you note that his work of breathing has increased. You should: >>>lower the extremities and reassess the child After an advanced airway device (eg, ET tube, multilumen airway, supraglottic airway) has been inserted during cardiac arrest, ventilate the patient at a rate of_____________ breaths per minute (one breath every __________ seconds). This ventilation rate applies to all age groups, except the newborn. >>>8 to 10, 6 to 8 Excessive ventilation (eg, hyperventilation) is detrimental because it causes an increase in intrathoracic pressure, which >>> impedes blood flow back to the heart and decreases coronary perfusion A 6-year-old boy presents with a high fever, a headache, and a stiff neck. He is conscious, but is not acting as a normal 6-year-old boy should. His mother told you that he vomited once before your arrival. You should be MOST concerned with: >>>the risk of permanent neurological damage Signs and symptoms of Cushing's triad include all the following except >>> tachycardia Your assessmment of a newborn reveals cyanosis to the chest and face and a heart rate of 90 beats/min. What should you do first? >>> begin artificial ventilations Oxygen and other nutrients are transferred to the developing fetus via the: >>> umbilical vein Hypoxia-induced unresponsiveness during a submersion injury is usually the result of: >>> laryngospasm General rules to follow when attempting to rescue a patient from the water include >>> reach, row, throw, then go You and your partner arrive at the home of a 60-year-old man with shortness of breath. As you enter the residence, you find the patient sitting in his recliner; he is in obvious respiratory distress. As you approach him, he becomes verbally abusive, stating that it took you too long to get to his home. A small handgun is sitting on a table next to his recliner. You should: >>>slowly back out of the residence and call law enforcement Which of the following statements regarding the function of insulin is correct? >>>facilitates the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into the cell Which of the following is found just above the kidneys in the abdomen? >>>pancreas By the age of two months, an infant should be able to >>>recognize faces and focus on things near to him Because fibrinolytic therapy decreases the blood's ability to clot, its use is limited to patients with ______ strokes. >>>ischemic Which of the following are characteristics of late adulthood? >>>lung elasticity is diminished, pain perception is diminished, and metabolism is increased It would increase __________ in patients with hemorrhagic stroke; therefore, fibrinolytic therapy is contraindicated for these patients. >>>intracerebral bleeding You will also find that most postictal patients are __________; this is the result of an adrenalin surge that occurs during the tonic-clonic phase of the seizure. >>>tachycardic Ticks can carry two infectious diseases: >>>Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever The age that a person begins to develop a self-concept or self awareness is >>>school-age Lyme disease signs/symptoms >>>rash beginning about 3 days after bite that may resemble bullseye pattern in 1/3 of patients swelling of joints (especially knees) The Adam's Apple is also known as the >>>larynx Often, the first sign of inadequate breathing is >>>a change in respiratory rate To determine the length of a catheter when suctioning an adult oropharynx, you would >>>measure from the corner of the patient's mouth to the patient's ear. A bag valve mask that is not hooked up to oxygen will deliver ______% of oxygen to a patient and _____% of oxygen if hooked up. >>>21/100 >>> A respiratory disease where the patient loses surface area, causing them to trap air in their lungs is called: >>>emphysema The respiratory disease that causes a patient to attempt to compensate for los of available surface area in their lungs by making more red blood cells is called: >>>emphysema The structure used by both the respiratory system and the digestive system is called >>>pharynx You are treating a 4 year old female patient who has a barking cough that sounds like a seal. You expect that this patient has: >>>croup, resulting in swelling of the larynx You have used an AED on a patient in a cardiac arrest situation. You know it is time to transport the patient when >>>the patient regains a pulse, a total of 6 shocks have been delivered, the AED has given 3 consecutive no shocks advised, the patient regains consciousness Rocky Mountain spotted fever signs/symptpoms >>>symptoms begin 7 to 10 days after infected bite nausea, vomiting, headache, weakness, paralysis, and possibly cardiopulmonary failure. Which of the following is a physiologic effect of epinephrine when used to treat anaphylactic shock? >>>as a bronchodilator and vasoconstrictor, it improves the patient's breathing and constricts the blood vessels and increases the patient's blood pressure. You are dispatched to a residence for a 20-year-old male with respiratory distress. When you arrive, you find that the patient has a tracheostomy tube and is ventilator dependent. His mother tells you that he was doing fine, but then suddenly began experiencing breathing difficulty. You should: >>>remove him from the mechanical ventilator and ventilate him manually. You have a patient who just started a new medication today. You arrive on scene and she is complaining of difficulty breathing. As you walk in, you hear a high pitched wheezing sound as she breathes. This means that >>>her laryngeal airway is swelling Wind chill is an example of >>>convection You respond to a scene to find a patient who you expect to be the victim of prolonged hypothermic exposure; you can assume the patient is severe when >>>the patient is not responding appropriately All of the following are signs and symptoms of superficial injury to tissue except >>>firm or frozen feeling on palpation (indicates deep tissue damage) You receive a call to a restaurant where a 34-year-old man is experiencing shortness of breath. When you arrive, you immediately note that the man has urticaria on his face and arms. He is conscious, but restless, and is in obvious respiratory distress. You should: >>>place a nonrebreathing mask set at 15 L/min on the patient When timing the contraction duration, it should be timed from the >>>beginning of the contraction until the uterus relaxes If your patient has an arterial bleed on the forearm, the brachial artery would be >>>medial to the injury - apply pressure to the wound and assess the need for a tourniquet In general, you should avoid rewarming a frostbitten body part in the field if: >>>the affected body part could refreeze after rewarming You are transporting a 30-year-old man who is experiencing an emotional crisis. The patient does not speak when you ask him questions. How should you respond to his unwillingness to speak? >>>remain silent until the patient speaks to you Jaundice (yellow sclera and skin) and right upper quadrant abdominal pain are not common early manifestations of hepatitis; they usually develop within ___________ into the disease process. >>>1 to 2 weeks A 73-year-old male presents with confusion; cool, pale, clammy skin; absent radial pulses; and a blood pressure of 70/40 mm Hg. The patient's wife tells you that he has had abdominal pain for a week and began vomiting a coffee-ground substance yesterday. His past medical history includes hypertension and gastric ulcer disease. Your MOST immediate concern should be that: >>>he is in shock and requires prompt transport Patients with severe hypothermia (core body temperature < 86°F) who are in cardiac arrest should be managed with >>>basic life support (chest compressions and ventilations), passive external rewarming (ie, removal of wet clothing, applying warm blankets) and rapid transport to the hospital where they can be actively rewarmed. Which of the following signs is LEAST suggestive of a diabetic emergency? >>>bradycardia [Show Less]
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