What is difference between Ethics and Morals and what is an Ethical Dilemma?
Difference
Ethics – External (Society) Morals – Internal
... [Show More] (Individual)
Ethical Dilemma
When competing virtues come into conflict and we must choice one "right virtue" over another "right virtue".
4x Rights vs. Rights: Truth vs. Loyalty,Individual vs. Community,Short Term vs. Long Term (is a short term lie justified if it serves a long term good), Justice vs. Mercy
Explain the Ethical Triangle Decision Making Model
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Describe Just War Framework?
Jus ad bellum (Justice of going to war)
Jus in bello (Justice during war)
Jus ad bello (Justice after war)
Jus ad Bellum - responsibility of Political Leaders
Public Declaration by Proper Authority
Just Cause
Right Intention
Probability of Success
Last Resort
Discuss Ends, Ways, and Means and risk associated with Strategy?
Through operational art, commanders link ends, ways, and means to achieve the desired end state” (JP 5-0, III-1)
- Ends: What is the military end state that must be achieved, how is it related to the strategic end state, and what objectives must be achieved to enable that end state?
- Ways: What sequence of actions is most likely to achieve those objectives and the end state?
- Means: What resources are required to accomplish that sequence of actions within given or requested resources?
Risk - Difficult to assess -The gap between what is to be achieved and the WAYs and MEANs available to achieve the END -When risk is too high…you have to adjust ENDS/WAYS/MEANS
How are Strategies Validated?
Second step is to confirm validity.
-Ask these questions to access validity of strategy…
…is the strategy SUITABLE?....is it FEASIBLE?....is it ACCEPTABLE?
•Suitability (Adequacy) – “Will the strategy’s attainment accomplish the effect desired” OR “will the squeeze produce the juice I want?”
•Feasibility – “Can the action be accomplished by the means available?” or “Can I squeeze this fruit with my hand?”
•Acceptability – “Are the effects as well as the methods and resources used to achieve those efforts justified and acceptable to the body politic?” or “Is the juice worth the squeeze?”
Who are the key leaders in the National Security System and what is their role? Specifically, Article 1, Article II and Title 10 leaders.
What is Department of Army’s role in government (Title 10 Functions)?
Does DA use administrative control (ADCON) to exercise its Title 10 responsibilities?
Is ADCON a command (C2) relationship?
Part 1: YES ADCON is used for Title 10
Part 2: No
What are types of organizations that help Army meet Title 10 Functions?
ACOM
ASCC
DRU
FOA
True or False (ADCON Questions)
1. ASCCs are heavily engaged in Title 10 management of units working for CCDR’s.
2. ASCCs can further delegate ADCON to the senior Army HQ operating in a particular area.
3. ADCON is command relationship.
1: True
2: True
3: False
What are the five parts of the Army Plan (TAP)?
Army Vision
Army Strategy
Army Planning Guidance (APG)
Army Programming Guidance Memo (APGM)
Army Campaign Plan (ACP)
What is Congress’s role in Government when dealing with Title 10 (3 ways)?
Oversight(Congressional Hearings, reports, inquires)
Organize (National Defense Act)
Fund (Federal Budget)
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What is Force Management?
is the process the Army uses to manage change while balancing needs (today and in future) with resource constraints
Goal – To provide trained and ready units for the Combatant Commanders
What are the 3 critical Force Management processes that are used by DoD?
JCIDs
PPBE
DAS
How does the Army translate strategy into concepts and requirements? Provide Details?
TAP (The Army Plan)
TAP is a 5 part plan that integrates, prioritizes, and directs execution of the DA’s Title 10 responsibilities. It builds on requirements outlined in the NSS, NDS, and NMS and is informed by the CCDR’s specific requirements.
What is an Organizational Vision?
A Picture of the Future framed by a value based purpose that creates a plan to drive behavior, change, and motivation.
What are the 3 Organizational Leader Levels and what is the difference between these levels?
Direct Leaders – More Technical and Less Conceptual
Organizational Leaders – (Average is all three(Technical/Interpersonal/Conceptual)
Strategic Leaders – More Conceptual and Less Technical
What are the three levels of War?
Tactical Level - individual battles
Operational Level - Campaign Battles
Strategic Level - Strategy
Describe the Civil – Military Relationship on the Strategic and Operational Level of War?
Directive (SECDEF as agent for President exercises Article 2 CINC authority vs. Advisory (CJCS as principle military advisor via Title 10 USC authority)
SecDEF as authority, direction, and control over DOD and overseas broad defense policy.
Responsible for all aspects of OSD, Joint Staff, Military Services, Combatant Commands, DOD Agencies.
CJCS – More advisory role for President. Provides independent assessments, advises NSC/HSC and assist President and SecDef with providing unified strategic directions to the Army Forces.
CJCS responsible for Concepts, Doctrine, Capabilities, Requirements, and Training with focus on Joint.
What is PMESII-PT and what is it used for?
Political, Military, Economic, Social, Information, Infrastructure-Physical environment and Time
Used to assist in conducting an analysis of a certain State or Non-State Actor to assist in strategic planning or give CCDR planning considerations in respective area. How geopolitics, geostrategy, society, region, culture shape CCDR’s planning considerations.
What does CCJO stand for and what is it used for?
Capstone Concept for Joint Operations
This is concept for how joint operations should prepare for the security environment the U.S. will soon face. Joint doctrine.
What is DIME?
Diplomatic / Informational / Military / Economic
is a recent military term reinvigorated to remind the leadership and policy makers above them to consider national power as not limited to the military power alone
Who are the State Actors and Non-State Actors on the International Stage?
State Actors: Permanent population, defined territory, a government, capacity to enter into relations with other states
Non-State Actors
Nations – Similar culture or ideas
Multi-National Corporations(MNC)– Apple/Exxon
Non-Government Organizations (NGO’s) – Red Cross
International Finance Institutions – World Bank
Intergovernmental Organizations: UN/EU/NATO
What is Hard and Soft Power?
What is difference between Realism and Liberalism?
Realism:
-Just war promotes national interest
-All vs. all…danger of war is always lurking in the background
-Skeptical of the outside world…weary of trusting other as the expense of self-preservation-End State – Zero sum game
Liberalism:
-Lots of possibilities for good outcomes
-International system creates opportunity for cooperation and conflict…important actors are states BUT other organizations matter – End State=Progress via cooperation
What is Sovereignty?
The authority of a state to govern itself , manage their international affairs...other states will not violate and it's at the heart of the international system.
-Came into existence with the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia (end of 30 Years War in Europe).
What are the three Key National Security Policy Advisory Councils to the President?
National Security Council (NSC) – Advise on integration of domestic, foreign, and military policies
Homeland Security Council (HSC) – Advise on homeland security matters
National Economic Council (NEC) – Coordinate the economic policy-making process for domestic and international economic issues.
Who are the Statutory members of the NSC? Who are the Statutory Advisors?
Statutory Members: President, VP, Sec of State, Sec of Def, Sec of Energy, Sec of Treasury
Statutory Advisors: Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff, Director of National Intelligence
- Other council members are determined by each President and various others are invited to attend meetings based upon the issues under consideration.
Who are the statutory members of the HSC?
Statutory Members: President, VP, Sec of Homeland Sec, the Attorney General, the Sec of Def, and others designated by the president.
What are the steps in producing a Strategic Estimate?
1. Mission or Problem statement (Or End State)
2. Strategic Direction
3. Strategic Environment
4. Major Strategic and Operational Challenges
5. Potential Opportunities
6. Assessment of Risk
Relationship Matrix or other visual to CCDR
What are the 5 Purported Military Revolutions?
Military Revolutions
17th Century National Centralization of Military – Consolidated militaries under a single monarch
French Revolution – People’s War, Fighting for Pride vs for your Monarch
Industrial Revolution – Seen first during Civil War; Rail, Telegraph, Professional Army, Ironclad Ships, Submersible Vessels, War on the Population
WWI – Scale of death and participation, advancements in weapons, mass politics, resource pull
Nuclear, Mutually Assured Destruction and the scale of war became limited.
What are Geoffrey Parkers Five Descriptors of Western War?
1. Technology to overcome numbers
2. Discipline and training
3. Continuity of Military Theory
4. Challenge-Response Dynamic / competing states in West
5. State financing of innovation
What is Revolutions in Military Affairs (RMA)?
Require the assembly of a complex mix of tactical, organizational, doctrinal, and technological innovations to implement a new conceptual approach to warfare or to a specialized sub-branch of warfare. Like: Gunpowder, Aircraft Carriers, submarines, airborne ops, etc... Things, that when introduced, changed the form of warfare.
What is Unified Action, Unity of Effort, and Unity of Command?
-Unified Action: The synchronization, coordination, and/or integration of the activities of governmental and nongovernmental entities with military operation to achieve unity of effort.
-Unity of Effort: Coordination and cooperation toward common objectives, even if the participants are not necessarily part of the same command or organization, which is the product of successful unified action.
-Unified Command: The operation of all forces under a single responsible commander who has the requisite authority to direct and employ those forces in pursuit of common purpose.
What are the Principles of Joint Operations?
What is the Common Operating Precepts for Joint Operations?
What are the four Command and/or relationships within a Combatant Command? List all 4 in order from most authority to least authority. [Show Less]