Rotoscoping definition
"Filming live action (1) by tracing each frame with a smalll change to create a life like motion (1)
Stop motion
... [Show More] definition
Using still images and making them appear to move (1) by moving an object a small amount each time between taking photographs (1)
Animation definition
Moving text / moving image
Explain the importance of frame rates
A frame rate that is too slow will have a similar effect where it appears to stop and start A higher frame rate means that your animation plays smoothly If the frame rate is too fast it will blur the details of the animation"
Persistence of vision definition
(The human eye / retina / brain continues to) see an image for a short period after the image has disappeared or The process by which the eye is fooled into thinking that still pictures are moving
Storyboard definition
A story board is a plan - 1 mark
Any one of:
Frame-by-frame
Comic book
Scene-by-scene
Detailing key elements
Sequence/order of events
Types of application software
spreadsheet, word processing, dtp, database payroll, billing, etc
Features of computer aided design
Library, rendering/hatching (finishes), textures, walk through, birds-eye view, wireframe, stress/strain, 2D to 3D, rotation, zoom, measurements/dimensions, calculations, costings,
3D view/design / images, materials, lighting
Features of CAL software
Videos
Animation
Sound, hyperlinks, self- assessment (quizzes)
Text tools
Interactive boards
Advantages of using CAL
Pupils can learn on their own / in own time / at own speed/ without teacher present
Pupils can go over topics repeatedly
Pupils can monitor own progress
It can reveal who does not understand
It can give instant feedback
Makes learning fun/ allows for different learning styles
Allows the teacher to spend more time with those that need help
Disadvantages of using CAL
The teacher may not be aware of a pupil who has some difficulties
Limited interaction with teacher
Less social interaction
It takes time for teachers to develop their own software
Cost of software NOT expensive on its own
Power cuts
Equipment failure / internet/broadband down
Easily distracted by other software
Possible training required
How does a command line interface work
Users type a set of instructions (1) using a set of words and symbols. (1)
Disadvantage of command line interface
Only suitable for skilled users (1) as commands have to be known. (1)
Services of an ATM
Cash
Change PIN Number
Check/print balance
Transfer money between accounts
Printed mini statement
Order cheque books and statements
Select language
Order theatre tickets
Mobile phone top ups
Advantages of ATM for the customer
Provide 24-hour services
Access ATM's in many locations
Cuts down on queues in banks / faster service for customers
Advantages of ATM for the bank
Save on staff costs
Allows staff to concentrate on other work e.g. selling mortgages or other
Save on building costs/services/utilities
Increased revenue from withdrawal fees
Reasons for encoding data
File size is smaller / saves memory / storage space NOT 'space'
Saves time typing it in / faster to type in / editing is easier/faster
More data can be displayed on screen
Accuracy if qualified, e.g. less mistakes / fewer mistakes / less chance of error
Faster to search if qualified WHY? e.g. to find size / colour / match in table
Advantages of using ICT systems to store and process data
Data is easily shared
Data is easier to back-up / copy
Data is easily transferred using networks
Data can be accessed/processed more quickly - searches, sorts
Data can be encoded when stored
Less physical storage space needed NOT less space
Data can be edited more easily
(Different) reports can be produced
Disadvantages of using ICT systems to store and process data
Loss of data / corrupted data due to power cuts / hardware failure
Copying data - copyright issues
Data can be copied quickly - personal data can be stolen
Reliance on networks - network failures
Training needed to enable staff to access data
Security issues - viruses
Hacking
Describe hash total
Hash total (1), to add meaningless data (1)
Describe batch total
Batch total (1), to add purposeful data (1)
Name applications for the following:
OMR Registration in schools, Exams, Lottery tickets, Questionnaires
OCR Reading post codes/identifying addresses, scanning text, number plates by police/DVLC
MICR Bank cheques
Bar code Libraries, (checkout at) supermarket/shop, POS, stock control
Examples of what sensors could measure in a hospital
Heart rate / pulse rate (acceptable on its own)
Temperature / body heat - whether temperature is abnormal / rising / falling
Brain waves - measuring activity in the brain
Nerve impulses - measuring nerve activity
Oxygen - the amount of oxygen entering the body
CO2 levels - Amount of CO2 in breath coming out of body
Blood gasses - amount of different gasses in blood
Blood pressure - whether level is normal/abnormal
Blood sugar levels - whether level is abnormal
Advantages of using ICT for data logging
More accurate readings / Makes fewer mistakes
Can read at specific intervals e.g. every 30 seconds or every hour
Can read more frequently than humans
Can keep going 24/7 / Don't need breaks
Data can be automatically analysed
Can be used in hazardous situations
Different outputs can be used
Humans don't have to be there
Disadvantages of using ICT for data logging
Initial cost of logging equipment
Logging too much may take up too much storage
Reliance upon equipment
Maintain equipment
Power failure
Reliant on correct calibration
Data validation for DOB
Drop down list Day, month, year on different drop downs
Range check Between one and twelve in months, or similar
Format check / input mask 99/99/99
Validation definition
Checking data is sensible / reasonable / within stated ranges
Factors to consider when preparing an image for a website
Justify colour - red/green combinations
House style
Patterned graphics
Layout (accept only once e.g. size on screen / footprint)
Uploading time / size of file
Optimisation
Purpose
Animation
File format
Check copyright
Resolution of the image
Digital imaging tools used to edit photographs
Zoom Selection Transforming Sizing Scaling Copying Moving Cloning Brush settings Layering Red-eye Spot clearing Skew Rotate Distortion Colour palette Contrast Brightness Text
Principle for protection of data held about you by organisations
data holders should protect the data against loss, theft or corruption / data must be kept securely
Principle that prevents data from containing errors
data must be accurate (and where relevant kept up to date)
DPA principles
Data should not be kept longer than necessary
Data should not be transferred to countries outside EU or without adequate provision
Data should be fairly and lawfully processed
Data should kept secure against loss
Data should be processed within the rights of the data subject
Personal data should be accurate and up to date
Data should be adequate, relevant and not excessive
Data must not be used other than for the lawful stated purpose
Exemptions from the DPA
National security, detection of crime, for home use, data for wage, pension or tax
Accept also Govt., police, medical (professions), medical records, hospitals,
customs and excise, school pupil's work, domestic use, newsagents, family
history, surveys, charities,
Actions an individual can take if data is incorrect
See the personal data
Insist on the data being correct
Organisations not required to register with the DPA
National Security / military
Government
Crime / Law and order / police
Payroll / staff administration
Tax purposes / Inland Revenue / HMRC
Small clubs (not for profit organisations)
Household use
For distribution of literature / advertisements / marketing
Maintenance of a public register
Research / statistical / historical data
Rights individuals have regarding data held about them
Right of access - can see the personal data
can sue if damages occur
Right of correction - can insist on the data being correct / deleted if wrong
Right to prevent distress - can prevent use of information likely to cause distress
Right to prevent direct marketing - can stop data being used in attempts to sell them things
e.g. junk mail or cold calling (Have the right to ask to be taken off mailing list)
Right to prevent automatic decisions - can specify don't want data used through points
scoring, for example, a computer deciding on a loan application
Right of complaint to the Information Commissioner - can ask for personal information to
be reviewed by the Commissioner (who can enforce a ruling using the DPA)
Methods of protecting data on a network
Passwords
Physical locks
Biometric access restrictions
Train users
Keep backups?
Use a firewall
Use virus checking software / keep virus checking software up to date
Access rights
Bitmap graphic definition
Made up of thousands of dots/ pixels (1) where the state of each individual pixel is stored (1)
Benefits of v.graphics over bitmap
Vector graphics can be enlarged without changing the quality of the image
Allows you to zoom in and out on object
Allows you to transform/rotate image
Smaller file sizes
Vector graphic definition
Geometrical objects are drawn (1) the instructions for drawing the shape are
stored rather than the image itself (1)
Input device used to draw image
Mouse, graphics tablet
Features of GUI
Windows Icons Menus Pointers Office assistants / help files / online help Tutorials Favourite settings / change environment Colour Shortcuts Hot keys Buttons Task bar / Ribbon bar / Tabs
Impact of ICT systems on the way people work (advantages to employees)
Easier / faster access to large amounts of data
Savings in journey to work time
Can share expertise more easily
Less stressful without delays at airports / road works / accidents
Savings in travel and hotel expenses going to meetings to discuss topics or see products
Less time away from home / Improved family life
Greener less pollution
Ideal for disabled/housebound people
More flexible working hours, especially for worker with young children - No need to take time off when workmen calling
Can work in a different location to where you live
Limits the amount of travelling people need to do so has environmental benefits reducing carbon footprint
Can see people talking and read their body language
Impact of ICT systems on the way people work (disadvantages to employees)
Weak signals or blind spots can make mobile working difficult/impossible
Unemployment due to competition from online shopping / e-commerce / automated production
Never get to 'leave the working environment' and can end up working longer hours than being paid for
Less face to face contact with customers
Need to be digitally literate
Social isolation from colleagues. Some people feel they go unnoticed and get passed over for promotion. / Delays in finding out what is going on in the organisation
Home heating / lighting costs higher
Some teleworkers paid less than office workers
Loss of status - no fancy office
Increased need for security against theft / mugging for expensive equipment
Greater risk of work related health problems such as rsi
People could feel Impersonal and isolated / People still like to have face to face discussions when making important decisions / People can be self-conscious and not perform well
Examples of advantages
Impact of ICT systems on the way people work (advantages to employers)
Savings on office space
Savings on costs of retail outlets, etc, as orders can be sent directly wherever in the world that warehouse or producer is
Can take advantage of a global market
Retain skilled staff due to maternity or who have children at home - flexible working hours
Meetings can be held at short notice and can be anywhere in the world
Can lead to easier international collaboration for example with designers in far away countries being able to show designs to fashion designers in UK
Cut down on absences due to babysitting problems
Hiring on short term basis of productivity or hire only when needed e.g. processing orders in a batch processing system
Greater productivity per individual who are not distracted by office colleagues
Factories can work 24/7 / robots don't need holidays
Impact of ICT systems on the way people work (disadvantages to employers)
Loss of personal contact with colleagues
Initial cost of providing the hardware and software at home
Security issues in transferring data electronically across the Internet/extranet
Difficulties in monitoring productivity
Expensive to buy peripherals
Digital documents can be passed around but objects cannot
Increase in online shopping might lead to shops closing
Robots are expensive to buy / maintain
Advantages of using voice recognition
Speech input is much faster than keyboard input NOT writing in
No need to learn to type
Less danger of RSI
Reduces typing mistakes such as spelling / hitting wrong key
Keyboard takes up room on the desk
Faster to issue commands (e.g. open word processor)
People with a disability that prevents typing can use speech input / helps with dyslexia
Users can do something else with their hands
Increased security (setting a voice password)
Disadvantages of using voice recognition
It takes a long time to train the computer to understand how someone speaks
Background noise interferes with speech recognition - cannot use computer with music in background
Unable to have a chat or use telephone and perform input at same time
Computer will never know all the proper nouns, for example Nantyffyllon
Will not understand user when they have a speech impediment, sore throat or cold DO NOT accept ill or reference to illness which does not affect voice.
Will not understand user when they have a strong accent
Will always need a keyboard for special keys e.g. function keys, ctrl, alt / to make alterations / as a backup if the voice recognition system fails
People with a disability that prevents speech could use a keyboard
Can't use in a quiet environment like library or quiet train
Can't keep private as people can hear what you are saying so no good for entering passwords
May not recognise words that sound the same such as 'too' and 'two' [Show Less]