D) personality
1) Esther Lugo has gone for an interview at an advertising firm in Manhattan and has been asked to complete a self-report survey to help
... [Show More] interviewers understand if she is the right candidate for the job. From the interview, they have found that she is extroverted, empathic, scrupulous, and cooperative in nature, which are key characteristics needed for the job. These characteristics about Lugo indicate her ________.
A) genealogy B) talent C) skill D) personality E) knowledge
E) extraverted
Ellen Athers works as a communication executive at a travel house. She is known to be friendly with her colleagues and interacts with them regularly to build strong work relationships. She knows that her rapport with her co-workers is a crucial part of her work and invests time in these relationships. In addition, while making decisions, she is assertive and colleagues take her decisions seriously. Which of the following personality types is Athers most likely to be characterized by according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification? _______
A) introverted B) perceiving C) solitary D) brooder E) extraverted
B) An individual's personality is determined by molecular structure of the genes.
Which of the following does the heredity approach state?
A) An individual's personality is determined by the social background one is brought up in.
B) An individual's personality is determined by molecular structure of the genes.
C) An individual's personality is influenced by the economic settings he is surrounded by.
D) A person's personality traits are created by the company he keeps i.e., his friends and family.
E) A person's personality traits are largely influenced by global trends and characteristics.
C) Conscientiousness
___________ is as important for managers as for front-line employees and, among all Big Five Model traits, is most consistently related to job performance.
A) Extroversion
B) Agreeableness
C) Conscientiousness
D) Emotional stability
E) Openness to experience
A) They are committed to their goals and set ambitious goals.
Which of the following statements is true about people with positive core self-evaluations ?
A) They are committed to their goals and set ambitious goals.
B) They view themselves as powerless over their environment.
C) They tend to question their capabilities and capacities.
D) They lack persistence to achieve goals.
E) They tend to be disliked by superiors and co-workers.
A) They give high importance to achievement and material success
Which of the following is true of the baby boomer generation?
A) They give high importance to achievement and material success.
B) They rate highest in friendship and pleasure on the RVS.
C) They are more questioning and entrepreneurial than the other generations.
D) They lead lives shaped mainly by globalization.
E) They give the highest importance to flexibility and life options.
D) They are more likely than others to be seen as leaders.
Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding people with proactive personalities?
A) They react passively to situations.
B) They tend to display their true dispositions and attitudes in every situation.
C) They tend to be selfish and exploitive and believe others exist for their benefit.
D) They are more likely than others to be seen as leaders.
E) They are narcissistic in nature and require constant admiration.
D) They never change irrespective of external factors.
Which of the following is true of values ?
A) They are void of a judgmental element
B) They are invariably fluid and flexible in nature.
C) They have content and intensity attributes.
D) They never change irrespective of external factors.
E) They are always established in a person's later years.
C) personal discipline
9. Which of the following is an instrumental value according to the Rokeach value survey?
A) economic success
B) social recognition
C) personal discipline
D) world peace
E) meaning in life
terminal values
Rokeach - Desirable end-states of existence; the goals a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime.
instrumental values
Rokeach -Preferable modes of behavior or means of achieving one's terminal values.
personality-job fit theory
theory that identifies six personality types and proposes that the fit between personality type and occupational environment determines satisfaction and turnover.
A) An employee is late to work because of a punctured tire.
Which of the following is an example of externally caused behavior?
A) An employee is late to work because of a punctured tire.
B) An employee postpones a meeting because he overslept.
C) An employee was fired because he violated a company policy.
D) An employee was promoted when he achieved more than the assigned objectives.
E) An employee closed a sale with an important corporate client because of his excellent negotiation skills.
C) low on consistency
According to the attribution theory, if a behavior scores ________, we tend to attribute it to external causes.
A) low on distinctiveness
B) low on adaptability
C) low on consistency
D) high on stability
E) low on consensus
C) self-fulfilling prophecy
Which of the following terms refers to a situation in which a person inaccurately perceives a second person, and the resulting expectations cause the second person to behave in ways consistent with the original perception?
A) confirmation bias
B) attribution theory
C) self-fulfilling prophecy
D) bandwagon effect
E) contrast effect
D) It assumes that an individual is able to identify all relevant options in an unbiased manner.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the rational decision-making model?
A) It takes into consideration the limited information-processing capability of individuals.
B) It involves constructing simplified models without capturing all their complexity.
C) It deals with satisficing decisions by seeking solutions that are satisfactory and sufficient.
D) It assumes that an individual is able to identify all relevant options in an unbiased manner.
E) It is an unconscious decision-making process created from distilled experience.
A) bounded rationality
A process of making decisions by constructing simplified models that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity is known as
A) bounded rationality
B) active selection
C) incremental decision making
D) optimal decision making
E) intuitive decision making
perception
A process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.
attribution theory
An attempt to determine whether an individual's behavior is internally or externally caused.
fundamental attribution error
The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others.
self-serving bias
The tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to internal factors and put the blame for failures on external factors.
selective perception
The tendency to selectively interpret what one sees on the basis of one's interests, background, experience, and attitudes.
halo effect
The tendency to draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic.
contrast effect
Evaluation of a person's characteristics that is affected by comparisons with other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics.
stereotyping
Judging someone on the basis of one's perception of the group to which that person belongs.
self-fulfilling prophecy
A situation in which a person inaccurately perceives a second person, and the resulting expectations cause the second person to behave in ways consistent with the original perception.
D) confirmation
The tendency to seek out information that reaffirms past choices and to discount information that contradicts past judgments is known as a(n) ________ bias.
A) anchoring
B) distinction
C) impact
D) confirmation
E) omission
B) availability
A manager doing performance appraisals gives more weight to recent employee behaviors than to behaviors of 6 or 9 months earlier. This shows that the manager's perception is affected by a(n) ________ bias.
A) self-serving bias
B) availability
C) impact
D) distinction
E) hindsight
C) She will strictly control all the details of any project she is managing.
If Alberta is a categorized as a Theory X manager, which of the following behaviors is she most likely to exhibit?
A) She will let her employees choose their own goals.
B) She will trust her employees to use their discretion in most matters.
C) She will strictly control all the details of any project she is managing.
D) She will delegate authority extensively to junior managers.
E) She will empower her subordinates.
anchoring bias
A tendency to fixate on initial information, from which one then fails to adequately adjust for subsequent information.
confirmation bias
The tendency to seek out information that reaffirms past choices and to discount information that contradicts past judgments.
availability bias
The tendency for people to base their judgments on information that is readily available to them.
escalation of commitment
An increased commitment to a previous decision in spite of negative information.
risk aversion
The tendency to prefer a sure gain of a moderate amount over a riskier outcome, even if the riskier outcome might have a higher expected payoff.
utilitarianism
A system in which decisions are made to provide the greatest good for the greatest number.
three-component model of creativity
The proposition that individual creativity requires expertise, creative thinking skills, and intrinsic task motivation.
two-factor theory
A theory that relates intrinsic factors to job satisfaction and associates extrinsic factors with dissatisfaction. Also called motivation-hygiene theory.
McClelland's theory of needs
A theory that states achievement, power, and affiliation are three important needs that help explain motivation.
C) Sarah
18. You manage a department of five employees. You have identified that Joe has a high need for achievement, Mary has a high need for power, and Tim has a high need for affiliation. Sarah scored high on the need for power and low on the need for affiliation. Doug scored low on both need for power and need for affiliation.
Which of these five employees is most suitable for handling your responsibilities when you are on a vacation?
A) Doug B) Joe C) Sarah D) Tim E) Mary
Instrumental values
A person is broadminded, courageous, and forgiving.
Which type of values are these?
Choose 1 answer
Terminal values
Transitory values
Determinate values
Instrumental values
Intrinsic reward
An employee enjoys having a large span of responsibility and is motivated to do well because of personal feelings.
Which kind of reward is this?
Intrinsic reward
Extrinsic reward
Affiliation reward
Compensatory reward
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory
Which theory of motivation focuses on 5 levels of needs, and further separates those needs by lower-order needs and higher-order needs?
Choose 1 answer
McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y
McClelland's Theory of Needs
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory
Two-Factor Theory
Equity theory
Manager A supervises 10 district units with 100 employees and receives $100,000 in compensation. Manager B supervises 5 district units with 50 employees and also receives $100,000 in compensation. Manager A is upset by this relationship and is looking for a new job.
Which theory explains A's motivation to look for a new job?
Equity theory
Inequity theory
Perception theory
Perceptual fairness theory
Specificity and feedback
A manager challenged an employee to produce an average of 24 assemblies each day for a week. This production goal was higher than the employee had ever achieved during any week. The manager gave the employee a tally sheet to mark after each assembly was completed.
Considering the goal-setting theory of motivation, the manager was counting on which factors to influence the employee to achieve the production goal?
Choose 1 answer
Challenge and direction
Feedback and reflection
Specificity and feedback
Challenge and power
Norming
Which stage of the five-stage group development model is characterized by developing close relationships and cohesiveness?
Forming
Norming
Storming
Performing
Group role
What defines a set of expected behavior patterns attributed to a person occupying a given position in a social unit?
Choose 1 answer
Group role
Group norm
Group status
Group conformity
Formal group
Which type of group is defined by the organization's structure?
Unified group
Formal group
Informal group
Designated group
Physically isolate the group
Management has noticed that the quality improvement work group is struggling because members seem to be working in different directions.
Which suggested action can the company take to increase group cohesiveness?
Make the group larger
Physically isolate the group
Establish more rigid roles for group members
Decrease the difficulty of becoming a group member [Show Less]