Which of the following is not a cellular function? - correct answers ✅Combustion -
All living cells must absorb and metabolize sources of energy,
... [Show More] excrete waste and by-products of those processes, and reproduce to continue offspring. Pyrotechnic processes (i.e. combustion) are generally metaphorical.
What are mitochondria responsible for? - correct answers ✅Energy production -
Mitochondria are the energy production organelles of the cell responsible for the major metabolic processes of creating units of energy (e.g., ATP).
Which if the following can cause edema? - correct answers ✅Increased lymphatic pressure -
Decreased vascular and lymphatic pressure does not generally result in the movement and accumulation of fluid into extravascular spaces. Increased plasma pressure in the vascular results in hypertension, while increased lymphatic pressure will readily result in the pooling of lymphatic drainage into third spaces (i.e. edema).
Which of the following best describes the result of cellular reproduction? - correct answers ✅Two diploid cells, called daughter cells, are produced -
The resultant offspring of cellular reproduction is the creation of two daughter cells after the completion of mitosis or meiosis. Interphase is the longest period that a cell spends its life cycle and is the preparatory stage before cellular reproduction. Anaphase is the separation of genetic materials to the opposing centromeres of the cell, followed by telophase.
What indicates hypokalemia? - correct answers ✅Serum K decreases to less than 3.5 -
Normal serum potassium (K), also known as eukalemia, is generally 3.5-5.5 mEq/L, with some variations of +/- 0.1-0.3 mEq/L depending on the laboratory testing, age, and other potential patient-specific conditions and variations. Alterations in fluid volume or the administration of a supplement alone do not necessarily contribute to the development of hypokalemia.
What is an example of both hyperplasia and hypertrophy? - correct answers ✅Uterine enlargement due to pregnancy -
Hyperplasia is the increase in the number of cells of an organ or tissue, while hypertrophy is the enlargement of the cells of a given organ or tissue without a change in the number of cells. Muscle cells grow and enlarge (hypertrophy) in response to increased work or stress from exercise or increased cardiovascular pressures. When a liver is damaged or part of it is removed, it is the one internal solid organ capable of regeneration to repair itself creating more cells (hyperplasia). During pregnancy, the uterus must both grow to create more cells and enlarge those existing cells in preparation for the support of a fetus.
What regulates the sodium balance? - correct answers ✅Aldosterone -
Aldosterone is a regulatory hormone produced by the adrenal glands to affect the kidneys' regulation of sodium, potassium, and water excretion.
What is the alteration if the extracellular fluid volume is less than normal? - correct answers ✅Hypotonic -
In hypotonic states, the cell size is increased as a result of water moving from the extracellular fluid (ECF) into the cell to increase intracellular fluid. Iso- or normotonic states are a balanced state between intra- and extracellular fluid volumes. Hypertonic states cause water to shift out of the cell to increase the ECF above normal.
When in excess, what do buffers absorb? - correct answers ✅Hydrogen -
Excesses of acid or base, H+ or hydroxyl ion (OH−), are absorbed for the purpose of maintaining pH homeostasis (pH of 7.38-7.42)
Which of the following would a patient with metabolic acidosis have? - correct answers ✅pH below 7.35; Bicarbonate level below 22 mEq/L -
The diagnosis of metabolic acidosis requires that the testing of arterial blood finds that the pH is less than 7.35 and the bicarbonate level is less than 22 mEq/L.
What is the process by which RNA directs the synthesis of polypeptides? - correct answers ✅Translation -
Translation refers to this process. Transcription is another process in which RNA is synthesized. Mutation means genetic material has been modified through inheritance. Creation is a term that does not apply in this context.
What is the recurrence rate for autosomal dominant disease? - correct answers ✅50% -
For a couple in which one or both partners are affected by the disease, the chance of each child being heterozygous affected is 50%. [Show Less]