WGU C790 Nursing Informatics
goal of EBP - Answer is improvement of systems and microsystems within healthcare, with these improvements based on
... [Show More] science
STEEEP principles - Answer The Institute of Medicine (IOM) expert panel issued recommendations for urgent action to redesign healthcare so that it is safe, timely, effective, efficient, equitable, and patient-centered
(S) in STEEEP - Answer Safe-Avoid injuries to patients from the care that is intended to help them.
(T) in STEEEP - Answer Timely-Reduce waits and sometimes harmful delays for both those who receive and those who give care.
(E) in STEEEP - Answer Effective-Provide services based on scientific knowledge to all who could benefit, and refrain from providing services to those not likely to benefit.
(E) in STEEEP - Answer Efficient-Avoid waste, including waste of equipment, supplies, ideas, and energy.
(E) in STEEEP - Answer Equitable-Provide care that does not vary in quality because of personal characteristics such as gender, ethnicity, geographic location, and socioeconomic status.
(P) in STEEEP - Answer Patient-centered Provide care that is respectful of and responsive to individual patient preferences, needs, and values, and ensure that patient values guide all clinical decisions.
ACE Star Model of Knowledge Transformation
Advancing Research and Clinical Practice through Close Collaboration (ARCC)
Model of Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing and Healthcare
Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Model and Guidelines
Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice
Stetler Model of Research Utilization - Answer FOCUS: EBP, research use, and knowledge transformation processes
DESCRIPTION: Direct a systematic approach to synthesizing knowledge and transforming research findings to improve patient outcomes and the quality of care
Address both individual practitioners and healthcare organizations Focus on increasing the meaningfulness and utility of research findings in clinical decision making
Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARiHS)
Vratny and Shriver Model for Evidence-Based Practice Pettigrew and Whipp Model of Strategic Change
Outcomes-Focused Knowledge Translation
Determinants of Effective Implementation of Complex Innovations in Organizations
Ottawa Model of Research Use - Answer FOCUS: Strategic and organizational change theory to promote uptake and adoption of new knowledge
DESCRIPTION:Trace mechanisms by which individual, small group, and organizational contexts affect diffusion, uptake, and adoption of new knowledge and innovation
Premise is that interventions, outcomes evaluations, and feedback are important methods to promote practice change
Collaborative Model for Knowledge Translation between Research and Practice Settings
Framework for Translating Evidence into Action
Knowledge Transfer and Exchange
Canadian Institutes of Health Research Knowledge Translation within the Research Cycle Model or Knowledge Action Model
Interactive Systems Framework for Dissemination and Implementation - Answer FOCUS: Knowledge exchange and synthesis for application and inquiry
DESCRIPTION: Structure ongoing interactions among practitioners, researchers, policy-makers, and consumers to facilitate the generation of clinically relevant knowledge and the application of knowledge in practice
All parties are engaged in bidirectional collaboration across the translation continuum
Knowledge Transformation - Answer (Ace Star Model)
is defined as the conversion of research findings from discovery of primary research results, through a series of stages and forms, to increase the relevance, accessibility, and utility of evidence at the point of care to improve healthcare and health outcomes by way of evidence-based care.
Ace Star Model - Answer These five points are discovery research, evidence summary, translation to guidelines, practice integration, and evaluation of process and outcome
clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) - Answer The IOM defines clinical guidelines as "systematically developed statements to assist practitioner and patient decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical circumstances.
usability - Answer 1.Increased user productivity and efficiency 2.Decreased user errors and increased safety 3.Improved cognitive support
human factors - Answer is "the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance."
In healthcare, human factors might concern the design of a new operating room to better support teamwork and patient flow.
ergonomics - Answer used interchangeably with human factors by the HFES in Europe but in the U.S. and other countries its focus is on human performance with physical characteristics of tools, systems, and machines
i.e. power drill fitting in hand
Human-computer interaction (HCI) - Answer is the study of how people design, implement, and evaluate interactive computer systems in the context of users' tasks and work
usability - Answer is often used interchangeably with HCI when the product is a computer but usability also concerns products beyond computers. Usability is also more focused on interactions within a specific context or environment for a specific product.
Formally, the ISO defines usability as the extent to which a product can be used by specific users in a specific context to achieve specific goals with effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction.
allows users to achieve goals
joint cognitive systems - Answer imply that information is shared or distributed among humans and technology. This framework is useful for examining teamwork in healthcare where team members work together on patient care
Health Human-Computer Interaction (HHCI) Framework - Answer Humans or products can initiate interactions. The information is processed through either the product or the humans according to characteristics. The recipient then reacts to the information; for example, a healthcare provider could read and respond to email from a patient or a product might process interactions after the "enter" key is pressed. Iterative cycles continue as humans behave and products act according to defined characteristics. Goals and planning are implicit within the tasks displayed in the framework.
discount usability methods - Answer reduce the number of required users in usability projects and to use early design prototypes.
These methods offer economies of time, effort, and cost and can be completed at any point in the systems life cycle.
Two common techniques are heuristic evaluation and think-aloud protocol.
Heuristic evaluations - Answer compare products against accepted usability guidelines to reveal major and minor usability issues.
think-aloud protocol - Answer also involves a small number of users and has them talk aloud while they interact with a product. Users voice what they are trying to do, indicate where interactions are confusing, and provide other thoughts about the product during interactions.
This allows a detailed examination of the specified tasks, in particular to uncover major effectiveness issues.
used in conjunction with other techniques
task analysis - Answer generic term for a set of more than 100 techniques that range from a focus on cognitive tasks and processes (called cognitive task analysis) to observable user interactions with an application (e.g., a systematic mapping of team interactions during a patient code).
Task analyses are systematic methods that are used to understand what users are doing or required to do with a product by focusing on tasks and behavioral actions of the users and products.
These methods provide a process for learning about and documenting how ordinary users complete actions in a specific context.
Methods of task analysis include the following: •Interviews •Observations •Shadowing users at their actual work sites •Observing users doing tasks •Conducting ethnographic studies or interviews
focused ethnographies - Answer concentrate on individuals' points of view, their experiences and interactions in social settings, rather than on just the actions of those individuals
During observations, detailed descriptions are generated with an emphasis on social relationships and their impact on work.
Usability Questionnaires - Answer System Usability Scale (SUS)- industry standard, 10-scale
Questionnaire for User Interaction Satisfaction (QUIS)-computer system or application assessed
Purdue Usability Testing Questionnaire-100 open ended questions
Software Usability Measurement Inventory (SUMI)-
Exploratory Test - Answer conducted early in the systems life cycle after requirements are determined. These tests are conducted on very basic or preliminary designs or redesigns where few resources have been committed to programming the product. The objective of an exploratory test is to assess the effectiveness of emerging design concepts
informal
Assessment Test - Answer conducted early in or midway through the development of a product application. After the organization and general design are determined, this kind of test assesses lower-level operations of the application, stressing the efficiency goals of the product (versus effectiveness) and how well the task is presented to users.
conducted whens system partially developed
validation test - Answer completed later in the systems life cycle using a more mature product. This type of test assesses how this particular product compares to a predetermined standard, benchmark, or performance measure.
Comparison Study - Answer can conduct comparison studies at any point in the systems life cycle but they are more commonly done to compare an existing design with a redesign or an early prototype with a more mature product.
The major objective of this usability test is to determine which application, design, or product is more effective, efficient, and satisfying
Steps for Conducting Usability Tests - Answer 1) define a clear purpose
2) assess constraints
3) Use an HCI framework to define pertinent components.
4) Match methods to the purpose, constraints, and framework assessment.
human factors - Answer The complex interactions among multiple users, products, and environments with varying characteristics in health information technology is referred to
project - Answer is a planned undertaking, with a beginning and end that produces a well-defined result or product.
information system development project - Answer a planned undertaking that produces a new information system [Show Less]