What is the basic structure of an amino acid? What do they look like? - ANSWER
==amino group (NH2 or NH3), carboxyl group (COO or COOH), alpha carbon
... [Show More] (C), and
variable group
How do you identify the 3 different types of side chains: non-polar/hydrophobic, polar,
and charged? - ANSWER ==Non-polar/hydrophobic - end with CH or "can't have"
water. Polar - end with OH, SH, or NH. Charged - end with a charge
what kinds of bonds do each of the 3 different types of side chains make? - ANSWER
==ionic, hydrophobic/non-polar, charged
What are the 4 levels of protein structure? - ANSWER ==Primary - linear structure,
Secondary - Folded into helix or pleated sheet caused by hydrogen bonding, tertiary -
3D structure caused by side chain interactions, quaternary - 1+ amino acid chains
combine = multiple subunits MUST have 1+ subunit
What enviormental change breaks each type of bond? - ANSWER ==hydrophobic -
temperature change, ionic - salt or decreased pH, hydrogen - temperature, change in
pH, disulfide - reducing agents
what type of amino acid side chain leads to protein aggregration? - ANSWER
==hydrophobic bonds
how do environmental changes affect protein folding? - ANSWER ==Extreme temp
can cause hydrogen bonds to break apart = malformation of protein folding
how do mutations affect protein structure? - ANSWER ==Can cause structure to
change. Protein loses form = loses function. May form a different protein.
What is an electron? - ANSWER ==Negatively charged atom on outer ring for bonding
What is energy: - ANSWER ==Power derived fro chemical interaction
what are covalent bonds? - ANSWER ==chemical bond, atoms share 1+ valence
electrons
what is an ionic bond? - ANSWER ==bond between positive and negative
what is a hydrogen bond? - ANSWER ==weak bond between positive and negative
with an amino? - ANSWER ==piece of amino acid, NH2 or NH3
what is a carboyxl? - ANSWER ==piece of amino acid, COO or COOH
What is hydrophobic? - ANSWER ==Doesn't like water, end with CH
what is hydrophilic? - ANSWER ==Water Lovering, end with OH, NH, or SH
what is disulfide bond? - ANSWER ==strongest bond between reduction agents,
formed between SH's.
what are zwitterions? - ANSWER ==amino with positive and negative charges =
overall charge of zero
what is a polypeptide - ANSWER ==polymer of amino acids
What is dehydration synthesis? - ANSWER ==Process of forming peptide bonds
what is hydrolysis? - ANSWER ==adding water to destroy bonds
what is an alpha helix? - ANSWER ==twisted secondary structure, formed by
hydrogen bonds
what is a beta sheet? - ANSWER ==folded second structure shape, formed by
hydrogen bonds
what is denaturation? - ANSWER ==loss of shape duet o interruption of chemical
bonds; occurs via extreme salt, temp, pH
what is aggregation? - ANSWER ==clumping of inner or outer cellular proteins caused
by misfolded proteins leading to diseases such as Alzheimers, ALS, Parkinson's
how do enzymes catalyze reactions? - ANSWER ==bind with substrates to decrease
activation energy required and decrease reaction rate
how do enzymes affect reaction rate and activation energy? - ANSWER ==decrease
activation energy and decrease reaction rate [Show Less]