ability ✔✔An individual's capacity to perform the various tasks in a job.
accommodating ✔✔The willingness of one party in a conflict to place the
... [Show More] opponent's interests
above his or her own.
action research ✔✔A change process based on systematic collection of data and then selection of
a change action based on what the analyzed data indicate.
affect ✔✔A broad range of feelings that people experience.
affect intensity ✔✔Individual differences in the strength with which individuals experience their
emotions.
affective component ✔✔The emotional or feeling segment of an attitude.
affective events theory (AET) ✔✔A model that suggests that workplace events cause emotional
reactions on the part of employees, which then influence workplace attitudes and behaviors.
agreeableness ✔✔A personality dimension that describes someone who is good natured,
cooperative, and trusting.
allostasis ✔✔Working to change behavior and attitudes to find stability.
anchoring bias ✔✔A tendency to fixate on initial information, from which one then fails to
adequately adjust for subsequent information.
anthropology ✔✔The study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities.
appreciative inquiry (AI) ✔✔An approach that seeks to identify the unique qualities and special
strengths of an organization, which can then be built on to improve performance.
arbitrator ✔✔A third party to a negotiation who has the authority to dictate an agreement.
assessment centers ✔✔A set of performance-simulation tests designed to evaluate a candidate's
managerial potential.
attitudes ✔✔Evaluations employees make about objects, people, or events.
attribution theory of leadership ✔✔A leadership theory that says that leadership is merely an
attribution that people make about other individuals. An attempt to determine whether an
individual's behavior is internally or externally caused.
authentic leaders ✔✔Leaders who know who they are, know what they believe in and value, and
act on those values and beliefs openly and candidly. Their followers would consider them to be
ethical people.
authority ✔✔The rights inherent in a managerial position to give orders and to expect the orders
to be obeyed.
automatic processing ✔✔A relatively superficial consideration of evidence and information
making use of heuristics.
autonomy ✔✔The degree to which a job provides substantial freedom and discretion to the
individual in scheduling the work and in determining the procedures to be used in carrying it out.
availability bias ✔✔The tendency for people to base their judgments on information that is readily
available to them.
avoiding ✔✔The desire to withdraw from or suppress a conflict.
BATNA ✔✔The best alternative to a negotiated agreement; the least the individual should accept.
behavioral component ✔✔An intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something.
behavioral ethics ✔✔Analyzing how people actually behave when confronted with ethical
dilemmas.
behavioral theories of leadership ✔✔Theories proposing that specific behaviors differentiate
leaders from nonleaders.
behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS) ✔✔Scales that combine major elements from the
critical incident and graphic rating scale approaches. The appraiser rates the employees based on
items along a continuum, but the points are examples of actual behavior on the given job rather
than general descriptions or traits.
behaviorism ✔✔A theory that argues that behavior follows stimuli in a relatively unthinking
manner.
Big Five Model ✔✔A personality assessment model that taps five basic dimensions.
biographical characteristics ✔✔Personal characteristics—such as age, gender, race, and length of
tenure—that are objective and easily obtained from personnel records. These characteristics are
representative of surface-level diversity.
bonus ✔✔A pay plan that rewards employees for recent performance rather than historical
performance.
boundary spanning ✔✔When individuals form relationships outside their formally-assigned
groups.
bounded rationality ✔✔A process of making decisions by constructing simplified models that
extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity.
brainstorming ✔✔An idea-generation process that specifically encourages any and all alternatives
while withholding any criticism of those alternatives.
bureaucracy ✔✔An organization structure with highly routine operating tasks achieved through
specialization, very formalized rules and regulations, tasks that are grouped into functional
departments, centralized authority, narrow spans of control, and decision making that follows the
chain of command.
centralization ✔✔The degree to which decision making is concentrated at a single point in an
organization.
chain of command ✔✔The unbroken line of authority that extends from the top of the organization
to the lowest echelon and clarifies who reports to whom.
challenge stressors ✔✔Stressors associated with workload, pressure to complete tasks, and time
urgency.
change ✔✔Making things different.
change agents ✔✔Persons who act as catalysts and assume the responsibility for managing change
activities.
channel richness ✔✔The amount of information that can be transmitted during a communication
episode.
charismatic leadership theory ✔✔A leadership theory that states that followers make attributions
of heroic or extraordinary leadership abilities when they observe certain behaviors.
circular structure ✔✔An organizational structure in which executives are at the center, spreading
their vision outward in rings grouped by function (managers, then specialists, then workers).
citizenship ✔✔Actions that contribute to the psychological environment of the organization, such
as helping others when not required.
coercive power ✔✔A power base that is dependent on fear of the negative results from failing to
comply.
cognitive component ✔✔The opinion or belief segment of an attitude.
cognitive dissonance ✔✔Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior
and attitudes.
cognitive evaluation theory ✔✔A version of self-determination theory which holds that allocating
extrinsic rewards for behavior that had been previously intrinsically rewarding tends to decrease
the overall level of motivation if the rewards are seen as controlling.
cohesiveness ✔✔The degree to which group members are attracted to each other and are motivated
to stay in the group.
collaborating ✔✔A situation in which the parties to a conflict each desire to satisfy fully the
concerns of all parties.
collectivism ✔✔A national culture attribute that describes a tight social framework in which
people expect others in groups of which they are a part to look after them and protect them.
communication ✔✔The transfer and the understanding of meaning.
communication apprehension ✔✔Undue tension and anxiety about oral communication, written
communication, or both.
communication process ✔✔The steps between a source and a receiver that result in the transfer
and understanding of meaning.
competing ✔✔A desire to satisfy one's interests, regardless of the impact on the other party to the
conflict.
compromising ✔✔A situation in which each party to a conflict is willing to give up something.
conceptual skills ✔✔The mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations.
conciliator ✔✔A trusted third party who provides an informal communication link between the
negotiator and the opponent [Show Less]