personality
Enduring characteristics that describe an individual's behavior
Heredity
Factors determined at conception; one's biological,
... [Show More] physiological, and inherent psychological makeup
personality traits
Enduring characteristics that describe an individual's behavior
Big Five model
A personality assessment model that taps five basic dimensions
extroversion
A Big Five personality dimension describing someone who is sociable, gregarious, and assertive
agreeableness
A Big Five personality dimension that describes someone who is good-natured, cooperative, and trusting
conscientiousness
A Big Five personality dimension that describes someone who is responsible, dependable, persistent, and organized
emotional stability
A Big Five personality dimension that characterizes someone as calm, self-confident, secure (positive) versus nervous, depressed, and insecure (negative)
openness to experience
A personality dimension that characterizes someone in terms of imagination, sensitivity, and curiosity
core self-evaluation
Bottom-line conclusions individuals have about their capabilities, competence, and worth as a person
Machiavellianism
The degree to which an individual is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and believes that ends can justify means
narcissism
The tendency to be arrogant, have a grandiose sense of self-importance, require excessive admiration, and have a sense of entitlement
self-monitoring
A personality trait that measures an individual's ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors
proactive personality
People who identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs
Other-orientation
A personality trait that reflects the extent to which decisions are affected by social influences and concerns vs. our own well-being and outcomes
values
Basic convictions that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-state of existence (content & intensity)
value system
A hierarchy based on a ranking of an individual's values in terms of their intensity
terminal values
Desirable end-states of existence; the goals a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime
instrumental values
Preferable modes of behavior or means of achieving one's terminal values
personality-job fit theory
A theory that identifies six personality types and proposes that the fit between personality type and occupational environment determines satisfaction and turnover
person-organization fit
Argues that people are attracted to and selected by organizations that match their values, and they leave organizations that are not compatible with their personalities
power distance
A national culture attribute that describes the extent to which a society accepts that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally
masculinity
A national culture attribute that describes the extent to which the culture favors traditional masculine work roles of achievement, power, and control. Societal values are characterized by assertiveness and materialism.
femininity
A national culture attribute that indicates little differentiation between male and female roles; a high rating indicates that women are treated as the equals of men in all aspects of the society.
uncertainty avoidance
A national culture attribute that describes the extent to which a society feels threatened by uncertain and ambiguous situations and tries to avoid them.
long-term orientation
A national culture attribute that emphasizes the future, thrift, and persistence
short-term orientation
A national culture attribute that emphasizes the past and present, respect for tradition, and fulfillment of social obligations
perception
A process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment
perceiver, situation, target
The factors in these three areas influence perception
attribution theory
An attempt to determine whether an individual's behavior is internally or externally caused [Show Less]