What is the complimentary DNA sequence to this sequence
5' - ATC CTT TAG GTT-3'
5'-AAC CTA AAG GAT-3'
Which answer choice displays the tRNA
... [Show More] anticodon of the mRNA codon
5'- UGA-3'?
5'-UCA-3'
What would be the resulting mRNA sequence from the template strand with this sequence:
5'-CAG CTC GTC-3'
5'-GAC GAG CUG-3'
What is the coding strand DNA that would be made from this template strand?
5'-AAA TAC CGG GAT-3'
5'-ATC CCG GTA TTT-3'
What is the coding strand sequence if the non-template strand sequence is
5'-AGC CTT TAA CTA-3'
3'-ATC AAT TTC CGA-5'
Given this template sequence 5'-GAT TAA CGA-3' what is the corresponding mRNA sequence?
5' UCG UUA AUC-3
What is the complementary strand to the following DNA sequence
5'-GCC CGG TTA AGC-3'
5'- GCT TAA CCG GGC-3'
The DNA sequence 3'-ATG ATC CTT-5' is part of the template strand during DNA replication. Which of the following would be the correct sequence for the newly made DNA?
5'-TAC TAG GAA-3'
What is the complementary DNA strand for the DNA sequence 5'-ATT CGG GCT CCC -3'?
5'- GGG AGC CCG AAT-3'
What is one direct effect of inhibiting translation?
The production of proteins would stop
Which of the following is NOT part of mRNA processing prior to translation?
Promoters (this is part of transcription) tdahlke
What is the function of DNA polymerase in the process of PCR?
It recognizes (not synthesizes) the primers and uses the available dNTPs to replicate the template DNA sequence
Nonsense Mutation
Changes one amino acid to a Stop codon
Missense Mutation
Changes one amino acid to a different one
Insertions/Deletions of a codon
Alters the gene's reading frame causing a frameshift mutation
Silent Mutation
One single base is changed but the amino acid stays the same
Studies have shown that increased expression of two genes called SIRT1 and SIRT2 is associated with chronic exposure to cocaine and contributes to drug addiction, what difference in the regions of the SIRT1 and SIRT2 genes in ppl addicted to cocaine increase their expression?
The nucleosomes become more widely spaced.
What scenario describes epigenetic regulation of the agouti gene?
Mother mice fed methyl-rich diets during pregnancy give birth to offspring with decreased agouti gene expression compared to those fed methyl-poor diet.
Oxidative damage to DNA can often result in the alteration of a single nucleotide. Which DNA repair mechanism would repair this type of damage?
Base Excision Repair
XP is a recessive genetic disease that occurs when one or more of the genes that perform nucleotide excision repair are nonfunctional. Why do XP patients have a much higher incidence of skin cancer that the general population?
The mutation rate of all other genes is higher due to failure to repair.
What reaction is responsible for the formation of polypeptides.
Dehydration
What reaction is responsible for the destruction/breaking of polypeptides.
Hydrolysis
Hydrophobic/External Hydrocarbons in the R-Group (H+) are considered?
Non-polar amino acids
Bent/hydroxyl group (OH) and an amino group (NH2) are considered?
Polar amino acids
Order of amino acids
Primary Structure
When using heat to denature a protein, as heat increases, this creates a
Hydrophobic interaction
What bonds are disrupted by the denature method: PH (acid/base) and Salt
Ionic/hydrogen bonds
What bonds are disrupted by the denature method: Reducing agent
Disulfide bonds
What bonds are disrupted by the denature method: heat
hydrophobic bonds
How can alteration in the protein structure lead to a disease state?
A mutation replaces an isoleucine with aspartic acid in a transcription factor protein, which blocks normal folding of the protein and it's function in the expression of certain genes.
In which situation would body function be disrupted by altering protein structure?
A mutation in aconite blocks an essential step in aerobic metabolism.
What is the driving mechanism of plaque formation in prion disease?
Propagation of misfiling from one protein to another
Bohr effect
An increase in CO2 production leads to a decrease in blood ph, causing hemoglobin to release O2 more readily.
What statement describes the binding of oxygen gas to a heme group?
The binding of oxygen gas to heme changes the structure of the heme group.
How does pH level promote the deoxygenated conformation of Hgb?
When ph lowers, excess H+ binds to negatively charged side chains on the Hgb and changes ionic bonds between subunits to favor the T state.
How does Hgb keep blood pH neutral during exercise?
Deoxygenated Hgb binds to excess H+
What is feedback inhibition?
Reversible, noncompetitive inhibition of an enzyme in a pathway by a product of the pathway. This form of enzyme regulation is likely to be used by an organism to control the catalytic activity of it's enzymes as it adapts to changes in the available nutrients.
Induced fit
Substrate binding causes a conformation change.
What type of inhibition occurs when a particular drug binds to the allosteric site of an enzyme and subsequently changes the enzyme structure?
Noncompetitive Inhibition
How is energy provided for ATP production during the final stage of aerobic metabolism?
Protons diffuse through a transmembrane protein
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Stimulates the uptake of glucose from the blood by cells in the body.
How does insulin reduce blood glucose levels?
It increase the translocation of the GluT4 transporter tot he cell membrane
What cellular condition prompts the cell to perform fermentation rather than Krebs Cycle?
Lack of O2
Beta Oxidation
Involves coenzymes A, NAD, FAD, is the process of breaking down fatty acids for energy. Occurs in the Cytoplasm.
What is the role of oxygen in aerobic metabolism?
Its acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain
What pathway is triggered by increased levels of epinephrine?
Gylcogenolysis
Which type of molecule can be used in gluconeogenisis?
Amino Acids
Which molecule acts as the primary signal for glycogen breakdown?
Glucagon
What is the possible chemical formula for a monounsaturated fatty acid?
C8H14O2
Eicoosanoids
Act as signaling molecules, they are another class of lipids that act as hormones. Act in very low concentration and help with regulating bp, pain, fever, blood coagulation and reproduction.
which component of RBC's determine blood type in the ABO blood group?
Gylcolipids and glycoproteins
Which event is stimulated by release of glucagon into the blood?
Increase in lipolysis of triglycerides
What occurs in the otherwise healthy person whose diet has very few carbs and high levels of fats?
Acetone is produced in the blood
What occurs during the process of alternative splicing of mRNA?
Alternate combinations of exons within the same gene are linked together.
What type of mammalian DNA damage repair requires the presence of the chromosome that is homologous to the damaged chromosome?
Recombination [Show Less]