WGU Biochem C785: Unit 4 DNA and RNA
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) Correct Answer: An organisms genetic material found in the nucleus of a
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Double stranded helical nucleic acid molecule consisting of nucleotide monomers with deoxyribose sugar and nitrogenous bases (A, C, G, T) capable of replicating
Which nucleotides/bases are used in DNA? Correct Answer: A - Adenine
C - Cystine
G - Guanine
T - Thymine
RNA (ribonucleic acid) Correct Answer: A nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and nitrogenous bases (A, C, G, U)
Usually single stranded
Functions in protein synthesis, gene regulation, and as the genome of some viruses
Central Dogma Correct Answer: DNA -> RNA -> Protein
DNA -> Transcription ->mRNA -> Translation -> Protein
The process by which the instructions in DNA are converted into a functional product
The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA protein
Which nucleotides/bases are used in RNA? Correct Answer: A - Adenine
C - Cystine
G - Guanine
U - Uracil
Which nucleotides/bases pair together to form DNA? Correct Answer: A - T
C - G
Which nucleotides/bases pair together to form RNA? Correct Answer: A - U
C - G
Genes Correct Answer: A segment of a DNA molecule that information or directions on how to build a protein
Gene Expression Correct Answer: When a gene in DNA is "turned on" or used to make the protein is specifies
Includes 2 Stages: Transcription and Translation
Nucleotides Correct Answer: Basic units of DNA molecule, composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and one of 4 DNA bases
Antiparallel Correct Answer: The opposite arrangement of the sugar-phosphate backbones in a DNA double helix (5'-3', 3'-5')
Complementary (coding) Strand Correct Answer: A strand of DNA or RNA that has complementary bases to the template strand, another strand of DNA or RNA
Ex/ During DNA replication, the new strand that is formed is a complementary strand
Complementary Bases: A-U, C-G
Runs in 5' to 3' direction
Template DNA Correct Answer: The piece of DNA that the RNA polymerase enzyme assembles the messenger (mRNA) along.
Called a template because it fits the formal definition fo a template
Coding DNA Correct Answer: The opposite strand of DNA in the double helix
The complementary, antiparallel partner DNA strand
Also called the Non-Template Strand
Replication Correct Answer: The process of copying a molecule of DNA
Transcription Correct Answer: The process where a gene's DNA is copied and (transcribed) into an RNA molecule to make a protein
3 Phases
- Initiation
-Elongation
- Termination
Initiation Correct Answer: The DNA molecule unwinds and separates
Elongation Correct Answer: RNA polymerase moves along the template strand, synthesizing mRNA molecules
Termination Correct Answer: When a stop codon is reached and translation is stopped
The point at which the ribosome releases the polypeptide
RNA Polymerase Correct Answer: Enzyme that attaches to the DNA strand and moves to the promoter
It breaks hydrogen bonds in the DNA double helix so that free nucleotides can attach to the exposed strand which develops the RNA strand
Promoter Correct Answer: A specific nucleotide sequence or "spot" in DNA located near the start of a gene that is the binding site for RNA Polymerase and the place where transcription begins
Transcription Factors Correct Answer: Important proteins that help determine which genes are active in each cell
Collection of proteins that mediate the binding of RNA polymerase and the initiation of transcription
mRNA Correct Answer: Messenger RNA: A pre messenger molecule of RNA that encodes a chemical "blueprint" for a protein product
Type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes
Can be read by multiple ribosome at a time
Must be read from 5' to 3' to interpret codons correctly
Translation Correct Answer: The synthesis of a of a polypeptide using genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule
There is a change of "language" from nucleotides to amino acids
Ribosomes Correct Answer: The sites of Translation that facilitate the orderly linking of amino acids into polypeptide chains
tRNA Correct Answer: Transfer RNA
An RNA molecule that functions as an carrier by picking up specific amino acids in the cytoplasm and transferring them to the ribosome putting them where the codon and anticodon attach creating a chain of amino acids
Codons Correct Answer: Group of three nucleotide bases in mRNA molecule that specify a particular amino acid to be synthesized into a protein
Basic unit of genetic code
Stop Codon Correct Answer: Tells the ribosomes its time to STOP translating a protein strand
Anticodons Correct Answer: A specific sequence of three nucleotides on a tRNA molecule that is complementary to a codon triplet on mRNA
What is their proper sequence for these steps?
1. Translation
2. RNA processing
3. Transcription
4. Modification of protein Correct Answer: 1. Transcription
2. RNA Processing
3. Translation
4. Modification of Protein
How do we make complementary DNA (ie - coding to template, or tem [Show Less]