What are the main steps during the Hydrologic cycle? - correct answer 1. Evaporation
2. Condensation
3. Transportation
4. Transpiration
5.
... [Show More] Precipitation
6. Runoff
Evaporation - correct answer Defined as: Water is transferred from earths surface to atmosphere.
-80% occurs from oceans
-Evaporation occurs more at warm temperatures
Condensation - correct answer Defined as: Conversion of water vapor to liquid
-excess water vapor condenses to form cloud droplets
Transportation - correct answer Defined as: Movement of water in the atmosphere
-Also referred to as Advection
Precipitation - correct answer rain, hail, snow, sleet, freezing rain
-Amount varies by location & time
-Ecosystems are structured by:
1. Precipitation
2. Temperature
Where is ground water found within soil? - correct answer Zone of aeration & zone of saturation
Groundwater - correct answer Defined as: Water that has penetrated the surface and is found in the soil
Watertable - correct answer Defined as: The boundary between zone of saturation and zone
What are two steps during hydrologic cycle that are considered as "pure water" processes? Why are they important? - correct answer 1. Evaporation- movement of "sea" water
2. Evaportranspiration- movement of water through plants.
They are important because they are " pure water" processes humans rely on for fresh water.
Excess water usage & development around water resources result in? - correct answer 1. Decline in water quantity
2. Decline in water quality
Potable water - correct answer Defined as: Water fit for human consumption
Pathogen - correct answer Defined as: Disease causing organism including; viruses, bacteria, and protozoans
Compare & Contrast Characteristics of Groundwater & Surface water - correct answer Groundwater:
*Uniform quality
-Low turbidity
-low taste/odor
-low color
-low/ no dissolved oxygen
-Undesirable minerals- High Fe, Mn, CaCO3
-High hardness
Surface Water:
*Variable quality
-High turbidity
-colored
-Dissolved Oxygen
-Low hardness
-Taste & odor
What are the objectives of public drinking water treatment - correct answer 1. Provide potable water for safe human consumption
2. To provide aesthetically acceptable water
- Turbidity
- Color
- Taste
-Odors
outline the sources of groundwater vs. sources of surface water - correct answer Groundwater-
-Deep wells (more dissolved materials)
-Shallow wells
Surface Water
-Rivers
-Lakes
-Reservoirs
~sometimes springs
What is the main process of surface water treatment? Why? - correct answer Clarification-to remove suspended particles (turbidity) & color
What are the main steps during the clarification process - correct answer Coagulation
Sedimentation
Filtration
Disinfection
What are the main steps in surface water treatment? Explain each process. - correct answer Sources -> Rapid mix-> Flocculation-> Sedimentation->sludge out->
Filtration -> Disinfection-> Distribution system
Rapid mix-Provides a dispersion of chemicals into water by mechanical & & hydraulic mixing
Flocculation- Agitation of chemically treated water to induce coagulation
Sedimentation- particles removed from water by gravity
Filtration- Designed to remove particles that are too small to be removed by sedimentation
Disinfection- Goals include;
1. remove pathogens by killing them
2. provide chorinal residue
What is the main process used in groundwater treatment? - correct answer The main process for groundwater treatment is precipitation to remove hardness & other minerals
What are the steps for the groundwater treatment process? Explain each step. - correct answer Supply-> Rapid Mix->Flocculation-> Sedimentation-> sludge out-> Recarbonation (CO2)-> Filtration-> Disinfection-> Distribution system
Rapid mix-Provides a dispersion of chemicals into water by mechanical & & hydraulic mixing
Flocculation- Agitation of chemically treated water to induce coagulation
Sedimentation- particles removed from water by gravity
Recarbonation- Goal is to lower pH of softened water
-pH>11 used to precipitate Mg (~or remove)
Filtration- Designed to remove particles that are too small to be removed by sedimentation
Disinfection- Goals include;
1. remove pathogens by killing them
2. provide chorinal residue
Flocculation Mechanism - correct answer Flocs are grouped colloids :) Main process for removing turbidity
Growth & size of floc depends on
1. Inter-molecular forces
2. Physical action
*Paddles rotate slowly to cause collision of particles- causing growth of flocs to sizes easily removed by sedimentation
Types of coagulants used during flocculation processes - correct answer Alum- Al2(SO4)3`14 H2O
Ferric Chloride- FeCl3
Ferric Sulfate-FeSO4
Polyelectrolytes
Sedimentation/Settling Mechanisms - correct answer Floc formation during flocculation & coagulation are removed using settling
-to achieve settling - flocs passed to settling basins
-Low floc with little turbulence
-3 hr retention time for floc to settle [Show Less]