often precedes squamous cell carcinoma - ANSWER actinic keratosis
primary adrenocortical deficiency - ANSWER Addison's disease
polyostotic fibrous
... [Show More] dysplasia, precocious puberty, cafe-au-lait spots, short stature, young girls - diagnosis? - ANSWER Albright's syndrome
hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness - ANSWER Alport's syndrome
anti-basement membrane antibodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER Goodpasture's syndrome
anticentromere antibodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER scleroderma (CREST)
anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies (ANA antibodies) - diagnosis?
- what hypersensitivity type? - ANSWER SLE - type III hypersensitivity
anti-epithelial cell antibodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER pemphigus vulgaris
antigliadin antibodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER celiac disease
antihistone antibodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER drug-induced SLE
anti-IgG antibodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER rheumatoid arthritis
antimitochondrial antibodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER primary biliary cirrhosis
antineutrophil antibodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER vasculitis
antiplatelet antibodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
arachnodactyly - diagnosis? - ANSWER Marfan's syndrome
Argyll-Robertson pupil - diagnosis? - ANSWER neurosyphilis
Arnold-Chiari malformation - ANSWER cerebellar tonsillar herniation
Aschoff bodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER rheumatic fever
atrophy of the mammillary bodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER Wernicke's encephalopathy
Auer rods - diagnosis? - ANSWER acute myelogenous leukemia (especially promyelocytic type)
autosplenectomy - diagnosis? - ANSWER sickle cell anemia
Babinski's sign is associated with what? - ANSWER UMN lesion
"bamboo spine" on x-ray - ANSWER ankylosing spondylitis
basophilic stippling of RBCs - diagnosis? - ANSWER lead poisoning
defective dystrophin, less severe than Duchenne's - ANSWER Becker's muscular dystrophy
LMN CN VII palsy - ANSWER Bell's palsy
Bence Jones proteins - possible diagnoses?
- in each case, what are the proteins? - ANSWER multiple myeloma - kappa or lambda light chains
Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia - IgM
IgA nephropathy - diagnosis? - ANSWER Berger's disease
Bernard-Soulier disease - what is the defect? - ANSWER defect in platelet adhesion
bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis - diagnosis? - ANSWER sarcoidosis
Birbeck granules on EM - diagnosis? - ANSWER histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma)
bloody tap on LP - diagnosis? - ANSWER subarachnoid hemorrhage
"blue bloater" - ANSWER chronic bronchitis
blue-domed cysts - diagnosis? - ANSWER fibrocystic change of the breast
blue sclera - diagnosis? - ANSWER osteogenesis imperfecta
boot-shaped heart on x-ray - possible diagnoses? - ANSWER tetralogy of Fallot or RVH
Bouchard's nodes - diagnosis?
- where are they located?
- why do they occur? - ANSWER osteoarthritis - on PIP secondary to osteophytes
boutonniere deformity - diagnosis? - ANSWER rheumatoid arthritis
branching rods in oral infection - diagnosis? - ANSWER Actinomyces israelii
"brown tumor" of bone - possible diagnoses?
- what causes the brown color? - ANSWER hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (von Recklinghausen's disease)
- color is due to hemorrhage in cysts
X-linked agammaglobulinemia - ANSWER Bruton's disease
posthepatic venous thrombosis - diagnosis? - ANSWER Budd-Chiari syndrome
Buerger's disease - what size arteries does it affect? - ANSWER small or medium-artery vasculitis
Burkitt's lymphoma - what is the translocation?
- what virus is it associated with?
- appearance on histology? - ANSWER 8:14 translocation
EBV
starry sky appearance
Burton's lines - diagnosis? - ANSWER lead poisoning
what types of ANCA are associated with Wegener's granulomatosis and microscopic polyangiitis? - ANSWER Wegener's - c-ANCA
MPA - p-ANCA
cafe-au-lait spots on skin - diagnosis? - ANSWER neurofibromatosis
calf pseudohypertrophy - diagnosis? - ANSWER Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
Call-Exner bodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary
cardiomegaly with apical atrophy - diagnosis? - ANSWER Chagas' disease
trypanosome infection - diagnosis? - ANSWER Chagas' disease
painless chancre - diagnosis? - ANSWER primary syphilis
painful chancroid - cause? - ANSWER Haemophilus ducreyi
Charcot's triad of multiple sclerosis - ANSWER nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech
Charcot's triad of cholangitis - ANSWER jaundice, RUQ pain, fever
Charcot-Leyden crystals - diagnosis?
- what are they? - ANSWER bronchial asthma - eosinophil membranes
what is the defect in Chediak-Higashi disease? - ANSWER phagocyte deficiency
cherry-red spot on macula - possible diagnoses? - ANSWER Tay-Sachs or Niemann-Pick disease
what are Cheyne-Stokes respirations, and in what circumstance do they occur? - ANSWER central apnea in CHF and increased intracranial pressure
"chocolate cysts" - ANSWER endometriosis
what does chronic atrophic gastritis predispose to? - ANSWER gastric carcinoma
Chvostek's sign - what is it, and what does it indicate? - ANSWER facial muscle spasm upon tapping - sign of hypocalcemia
DES exposure in utero predisposes to what? - ANSWER clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
clue cells - diagnosis? - ANSWER Gardnerella vaginitis
Codman's triangle on x-ray - diagnosis? - ANSWER osteosarcoma
cold agglutinins - possible diagnoses? - ANSWER Mycoplasma pneumonia or infectious mononucleosis
cold intolerance - sign of what? - ANSWER hypothyroidism
condylomata lata - diagnosis? - ANSWER secondary syphilis
continuous machinery murmur - indicates what? - ANSWER patent ductus arteriosus
what is the defect in Cori's disease? - ANSWER debranching enzyme deficiency
cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, fever - diagnosis? - ANSWER measles
Councilman bodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER toxic or viral hepatitis
Cowdry type A bodies - caused by what? - ANSWER herpesvirus
crescents in Bowman's capsule - diagnosis? - ANSWER rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
what is Crigler-Najjar syndrome? - ANSWER congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia - due to absent UDP glucuronyl transferase
acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns - ANSWER Curling's ulcer
currant-jelly sputum - diagnosis? - ANSWER Klebsiella
Curschmann's spirals - diagnosis?
- what are they? - ANSWER bronchial asthma - whorled mucous plugs
acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury - ANSWER Cushing's ulcer
D-dimers - diagnosis? - ANSWER DIC
depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra - diagnosis?
- where is the defect?
- symptoms? - ANSWER Parkinson's disease - basal ganglia disorder
- rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia
dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea - diagnosis? - ANSWER pellagra (niacin/vitamin B3 deficiency)
dog or cat bite - infected with? - ANSWER Pasteurella multocida
what is Dressler's syndrome? - ANSWER post-MI fibrinous pericarditis
what is Dubin-Johnson syndrome?
- what is the defect?
- what is the pathologic consequence? - ANSWER congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia - due to defective liver excretion of conjugated bilirubin, causing black liver
what is the defect in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy?
- what is the inheritance pattern? - ANSWER deleted dystrophin gene - X-linked recessive
eburnation - diagnosis? - ANSWER osteoarthritis
trisomy 18 associated with rocker-bottom feet, low-set ears, heart disease - ANSWER Edwards' syndrome
what is Eisenmenger's complex? - ANSWER late cyanosis shunt (reversal of an uncorrected L-R shunt to an R-L shunt)
elastic skin - diagnosis? - ANSWER Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
where and what is Erb-Duchenne palsy? - ANSWER superior trunk injury to brachial plexus (C5-6) - "waiter's tip"
erythema chronicum migrans - diagnosis? - ANSWER Lyme disease
genetically inherited aplastic anemia - ANSWER Fanconi's anemia
what is Fanconi's syndrome? - ANSWER proximal tubular reabsorption defect (causes excretion of many things - leads to, among other things, rickets, metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia)
"fat, female, forty, and fertile" - at risk for? - ANSWER acute cholecystitis
fatty liver - associated with? - ANSWER alcoholism
ferruginous bodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER asbestosis
colon polyps with osteomas and soft tissue tumors - diagnosis? - ANSWER Gardner's syndrome
what is the defect in Gaucher's disease? - ANSWER glucocerebrosidase deficiency
Ghon focus - diagnosis? - ANSWER primary TB [Show Less]