Bolded answer = said in office hours Yellow highlight = getting more detail
Cirrhosis- 7 questions
● What is the best confirmatory test to diagnose
... [Show More] cirrhosis?
● What are physical exam findings for hepatic encephalopathy?
● What treatments would be used for hepatic encephalopathy and why?
● What behavioral changes might we see in a patient with hepatic encephalopathy?
● What are nursing interventions that we would incorporate for a pt who has esophageal
● What medication would we use to treat ascites? ○ Diuretics to remove excess fluid from the body ○ “Dont need to know specific name”
● After a paracentesis to treat ascites what are concerning findings we would look out for?
GERD/HH- 3 questions
● What are lifestyle recommendations for someone with GERD/HH?
● What does Barrett's esophagus raise a risk for?
● How would you educate a patient for pharmacological treatment r/t GERD, specifically
PPIs?
■ SEs: decreased bone density, kidney disease, decreased B12/mag,
dementia
○ Ex. omeprazole, prilosec- PPIs decrease HCl secretion and esophageal irritation
IBD: Crohn’s & Ulcerative Colitis- 5 questions
● What is a normal presentation of Crohns?
● Scenario for a pt- determine who needs to be seen most urgently/prioritization
● What type of education would we provide to a patient who is getting a colonoscopy?
What should the pt expect?
● What surgical intervention is used for Crohns?
○ Uncommon, but done for complication.
○ Resection of disease sections with reanastomosis- removal of unhealthy intestine
and reconnect the healthy intestine
■ Recurrence likely
■ Short bowel syndrome possible
● Can be caused by surgical removal which results in inadequate
surface reabsorption to maintain life
○ Strictureplasty: opening narrowed areas
● What is a typical presentation of ulcerative colitis? What is going to be our nursing
priority r/t their labs?
● What surgical intervention is used for ulcerative colitis?
○ Curactive total proctocolectomy
■ Temporary: Ileal pouch/anal anastomosis: removes colon and rectum
while preserving the anal sphincter. Pouch is formed at the end of the sm
intestine; 8-12 weeks
■ Permanent ileostomy: one stage operation of removal with closure. End
of the terminal ileum is brought out of the stomach, usually RLQ
○
Diverticulosis/Diverticulitis- 2 questions
● What is the typical presentation for diverticulitis? (scenario question & need to identify
the conditiib)
● How would we treat diverticulitis?
IBS/Hemorrhoids- 3 questions
● IBS-C: how do we manage it? (SATA, know general lifestyle recommendations)
○ Stress management, high fiber diet, food diary, low FODMAP diet (AVOID
fruits, sugar, caffeine, alcohol, eggs, and wheat) get adequate fluids, exercise,
and sleep, smoking cessation
○ Symptom-based treatment
● What would teach a patient who has hemorrhoids to do? What type of diet should they
be on? How to provide pain relief? What could they take?
● What would we teach the pt post-hemorrhoidectomy? What would make their BM more
comfortable?
Urinary Incontinence/Urinary Retention- 7 questions
● What is stress incontinence? How do we manage it?
● What is urge incontinence? How do we manage it? (if have a question r/t mixed
incontinence, know we would treat the urge portion with anticholinergics)
● What is functional incontinence? How do we manage it?
● What is overflow incontinence? How do we manage it?
● What test would we use to evaluate for urinary retention?
● For chronic urinary retention, what do we encourage the patient to do to manage it/what
tool would we use to help them empty their bladder?
Polycystic Kidney Disease (PCKD)- 2 questions
● “If someone has PCKD what type of drugs will we avoid?”
○ “NSAIDs”
● What do patients with PCKD go on to develop?
Chronic Kidney Disease- 5 questions
● What are different labs for different stages do CKD patients present with? How would we
assess for stage 3? Stage 5? What is the best test?
● ●
What are risk factors for CKD?
○ DM #1, HTN #2, educate the pt that these factors predispose them to potentially
progressing to CKD
○ To prevent progression, need to manage each of those conditions
● What are early s/s of CKD?
● What are important labs for CKD? What is our concern with low EPO & what do we need
to monitor for?
End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)- 2 questions
● What classifies a patient to be stage 5 CKD or ESRD? What labs?
● What other findings might we see with stage 5 CKD/ ESRD?
● If a patient has ESRD and are on hemodialysis, what would we expect their labs to look
like predialysis and postdialysis? What changes do we expect?
● In ESRD, do we have hypo or hyperparathyroidism? Identify clinical signs with ESRD.
Dialysis- 2 questions
● What are some complications/most common complications from peritoneal dialysis?
○ PD Complications
■ Exit site or tunnel infection -> if untreated can cause peritonitis
■ Monitor for S/S: cloudy or opaque outflow is an early sign, fever, rebound
abdominal tenderness, N/V, maintain meticulous sterile technique,
prevent the catheter insertion site dressing from becoming wet
■ Gastrointestinal: D/V, distention
● Treat with antibiotics
● Repeat infections may cause adhesions
■ Hernias
● d/t Increased abdominal pressure from dialysate
● Treatment: hernia repair
■ Lower back problems
● Intraperitoneal infusion increases pressure
● Treatment: binders and exercise
■ Bleeding
● Common with initial catheter placement
● New-active intraperitoneal bleeding; check BP and hematocrit
■ Pulmonary
● Decreased lung expansion -> atelectasis, pneumonia, or
bronchitis
● Elevate HOB, repositioning, deep breathing ■ Protein loss- monitor nutrition ???
● If we have abdominal pain, tachycardia, and cloudy fluid draining, what are we now
concerned for?
● With disequilibrium syndrome, what can we do to help combat this if we have a pt
showing these s/s?
CVA- 7 questions
● How would we communicate with a patient who has had a stroke? What types of
questions should we ask?
● What can we delegate to a nursing assistant regarding a patient who had a stroke?
● What does FAST stand for?
● If a patient has a LEFT sided stroke, what do we have more issues with? Where?
● How would you handle an aggressive stroke patient?
■ Look at the 3 P’s- pain potty positioning
○ Redirect??
● We want to bowel train for patients with a stroke if they have fecal incontinence
○
● How do we want stroke patients to be in their care?
○ Encourage pt to still participate in their own care after stroke even tho they
may have difficulties want to allow and encourage them to participate
Parkinson's Disease- 4 questions
● What is the classic presentation of parkinsons?
● What drug helps with Parkinson's the most? What sx does it help?
● How would we want a patient with parkinsons to get up?
● What is the most common finding for someone with dementia?
● How could we assess a patient with possible dementia/what could we ask them to
assess their short-term memory?
● How would you manage a confused/agitated dementia patient?
● What is the importance of maintaining a regular routine for these patients?
Myasthenia Gravis (MG)- 2 questions
● What kinds of food do we want to give patients with MG? What consistency is
recommended?
● If completing the tensilon test, what result would suggest a cholinergic crisis?
● If pt has increased muscle strength after taking tensilon →
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) - 3 questions
● What is our goal for treatment of MS?
● What is the cause of MS?
● MS patients may have a flaccid bladder- how would we treat that?
● If confused and agitated dementia patient how would you manage
that?
● Diet- what kind of foods do we want to give them? What consistency
of food is recommended?
● What is our goal for treatment? To slow progression
● What is the cause of MS?
● MS pts may have flaccid bladder, how would we trx that? [Show Less]