UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHSIOLOGY 6
TH EDITION TEST BANK
BY SUE E.HUETHER;KATHRYN L MCCANCE
TEST BANKFOR
Understanding Pathophysiology 6
th Edition
By:
... [Show More] Sue E. Huether;Kathryn L. McCance
PART ONE: BASIC CONCEPTS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Unit 1:The Cell
Chapter1: Cellular Biology
Chapter 2. Genes and Genetic Diseases
Chapter 3.Epigeneticsand Disease
(NEW)
Chapter 4. Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology
Chapter 5. Fluidsand Electrolytes, Acids and
Bases Unit 2: Mechanisms of Self-Defense
Chapter 6. Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound
Healing Chapter 7. Adaptive Immunity
Chapter 8. Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of
Defense Chapter 9. Stress and Disease
Unit 3: Cellular Proliferation: Cancer
Chapter 10. Biology of Cancer
Chapter11. CancerEpidemiology
Chapter 12. Cancer in Children and Adolescents
PARTTWO: BODY SYSTEMS AND DISEASES
Unit 4:The Neurologic System
Chapter13. Structure and Function of the Neurologic
System Chapter 14. Pain,Temperature, Sleep, and
Sensory Function
Chapter15. Alterationsin Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamicsand MotorFunction
Chapter 16. Disorders of the Centraland Peripheral Nervous Systems and Neuromuscular
Junction Chapter 17. Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children
Unit 5:The Endocrine System
Chapter18. Mechanisms of Hormonal
Regulation Chapter 19. Alterations of Hormonal
Regulation Unit 6: The Hematologic System
Chapter 20. Structure and Function of the Hematologic
System Chapter 21. Alterations in Hematologic Function
Chapter 22. Alterations of Hematologic Function in
Children Unit 7: The Cardiovascular and Lymphatic
Systems
Chapter 23. Structure and Function of the Cardiovascularand Lymphatic Systems
Chapter 24. Alterations of CardiovascularFunction
Chapter 25. Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in
Children Unit 8: The Pulmonary System
Chapter 26. Structure and Function of the Pulmonary
System Chapter 27. Alterations of Pulmonary Function
Chapter 28. Alterations of PulmonaryFunction in
Children Unit 9: The Renal and Urologic Systems
Chapter 29. Structure and Function of the Renaland Urologic
Systems Chapter 30. Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract
Function
Chapter 31. Alterations of Renaland UrinaryTract Function in
Children Unit 10: The Reproductive Systems
Chapter 32. Structure and Function of the Reproductive
Systems Chapter 33. Alterations of the Female Reproductive
System Chapter 34. Alterations of the Male Reproductive
System
Unit 11:The Digestive System
Chapter 35. Structure and Function of the Digestive
System Chapter 36. Alterations of Digestive Function
Chapter 37. Alterations in Digestive Function in
Children Unit 12:The Musculoskeletaland
Integumentary Systems
Chapter 38. Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System
Chapter 39. Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function
Chapter 40. Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in
Children Chapter 41. Structure, Function,and Disorders of
the Integument Chapter 42. Alterations of the Integument in
Children
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A student isobservingacellunder the microscope. It is observed to havesupercoiled DNA with histones.
Which of the following would also be observed by the student?
a. A single circular chromosome
b. A nucleus
c. Free-floatingnuclear material
d. No organelles
ANS: B
Thecelldescribed isaeukaryotic cell, so it hashistonesandasupercoiled DNAwithin its nucleus;
thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular chromosome called a prokaryote contains
free-floating nuclear material but has no organelles.
REF:p. 2
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse describing
whenan isolatedcellabsorbs oxygenanduses it to transform nutrients toenergy? a.
Metabolic absorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: D
The cell’s abilityto absorboxygen is referredto as respiration while its communication ability
involves maintenance of a steady dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and
secretion allows for the synthesizing of new substances.
REF:p. 2
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In whichregionof the cell would most of the genetic
information be contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus Cytoplasm
ANS: C
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic acid,
most of the DNA, and DNA-binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is located within the cell’s
nucleus. Mitochondria is associated with cellular respiration, while ribosomes are involved with
protein manufacturing. Cytoplasm is a fluid filling that is a component of the cell.
REF:p. 2
4. Whichof the following canremove proteins attached tothe cell’s bilayer bydissolving the layer
itself?
a. Peripheral membraneproteins
b. Integral membraneproteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Celladhesion molecules
ANS: B
Proteinsdirectlyattachedto the membrane bilayer can be removed bythe actionof integral
membrane proteins that dissolve the bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins reside at the surface
while cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane. Glycoprotein marks cells and
does not float.
REF:p. 7
5. Whichof the following canbind toplasma membrane receptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids
d. Ligands
ANS: D
Ligands are theonlyspecific molecules that canbind with receptorsonthe cell membrane.
REF:p. 9
6. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What alternation in the ea.xtr
Decreasedacellular mat fibronectinrix would support the diagnosis of metastatic cancer?
b. Increasedcollagen
c. Decreasedelastin
d. Increasedglycoproteins
ANS: A
Onlya reducedamountof fibronectin is found insometypesofcancerouscells, allowing them to
travel or metastasize.
REF:p. 10
7. Whichform ofcellcommunication is used to relate toother cells indirect physicalcontact? a.
Cell junction
b. Gap junction
c. Desmosome
d. Tight junction
ANS: A
Cell junctions hold cells together andpermit molecules topass from cell to cell.
Gap junctionsallow forcellularcommunicationbetweencells. Neitherdesmosomes nor tight junctions
are associated with cellular communication.
REF:p. 11
8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from neighboring alpha
cells.This action is anexample of whichof the followingsignaling types? a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS: A
Paracrinesignaling involves thereleaseof localchemical mediators that arequickly takenup, destroyed,
or immobilized, as in the case of insulin and the inhibition of the secretion of glucagon. None of theother
options involvesignaling that is associated witha localchemical mediator like insulin.
REF:p. 12
9. Incellular metabolism, eachenzyme has a highaffinityfora: a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS: B
Eachenzyme has a highaffinity for asubstrate,aspecific substance convertedto a productof the
reaction. Cellular metabolism is not dependent on an attraction between an enzyme and any of the
remaining options.
REF:p. 16
10. Anathleteruns a marathon, after whichhis muscles feel fatiguedandunable tocontract.The athlete
asks the nurse why this happened. The nurse’s response is based on the knowledge that the problem
is result of a deficiency of:
a. GTP
b. AMP
c. ATP
d. GMP
ANS: C
When ATP isdeficient, impaired musclecontractionresults. Noneof theotheroptionsare involved in
muscle contraction.
REF:p. 16
11. Whichphase ofcatabolism produces the most ATP?
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citric acidcycle
ANS: D
Whilesome ATP isproducedduringtheoxidationandglycolysisphases, mostof the ATP is generated
during the citric acid cycle. Digestion does not produce any ATP.
REF:p. 16
12. A nurse is teaching thestaffabout thephasesofcellular catabolism. Whichphasesshould the nurse
include?
a. Digestion,glycolysis,oxidation,andthecitricacid cycle
b. Diffusion,osmosis,and mediatedtransport
c. S phase, G phase, and M phase
d. Metabolicabsorption, respiration,andexcretion
ANS: A
Onlydigestion,glycolysis,oxidation,andthecitric acid cyclearethephasesofcellular catabolism.
REF: p. 16
13. A runnerhasdepletedall theoxygenavailable for muscleenergy. Whichof the following will facilitate
his continued muscle performance? a. Electron-transport chain
b. Aerobicglycolysis
c. Anaerobicglycolysis
d. Oxidativephosphorylation
ANS: C
Whennooxygenisavailable, anaerobicglycolysis occurs.Theelectron-transportchain is part of the
citric acid cycle. Aerobic glycolysis involves the presence of oxygen. Oxidative phosphorylation is the
mechanism by which the energy produced from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins is transferred to ATP. It is
not part of muscle performance.
REF:p. 16
14. A faculty member asks astudent to identifythe appropriate term for the movement ofasolute from
an area of greater to lesser concentration. Which answer indicates the nursing student understood
the teaching? a. Osmosis
b. Diffusion
c. Hydrostaticpressure
d. Activetransport
ANS: B
Diffusion is the movement ofa solute molecule from an area ofgreater solute concentration to an
area of lesser solute concentration through a permeable membrane. Osmosis is the movement of
water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration tooneof
lowerconcentration. Hydrostaticpressure is the forceof fluidagainst a cell membrane. In active
transport, molecules move up a concentration gradient.
REF:p. 19
15. Whichdescriptionaccuratelydescribes electrolytes?
a. Small lipid-soluble molecules
b. Largeprotein molecules
c. Micronutrientsused to produce ATP
d. Electricallycharged molecules
ANS: D
Electrolytesareelectricallycharged molecules.Theyarenot lipidsoluble, theyarenot made up of
protein, and theydo not play a role in ATP production.
REF:p. 18
16. A nurse is readingachart andsees theterm oncotic pressure.Thenurserecalls that oncotic
pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by: a. the concentration of sodium.
b. plasmaproteins.
c. hydrostaticpressure.
d. the availabilityof membrane transporter proteins.
ANS: B
Oncotic pressure is determined by the effect of colloids or plasma proteins. The concentration of
sodium plays a role in tonicity. Hydrostatic pressure is the force within a vessel. Membrane
transporter proteins are involved in active transport within a concentration gradient.
REF:p. 20
17. A patient has abodyfluid of 300 mOsm/kg.This labresult is measuring: a. osmolality.
b. osmolarity.
c. osmoticpressure.
d. oncoticpressure.
ANS: A
Osmolality measures the number of milliosmoles per kilogram of water, or the concentration of
molecules per weight of water, while osmolarity measures the number of milliosmoles per liter of
solution, ortheconcentrationof molecules per volumeofsolution. Osmotic pressure is the amount of
hydrostatic pressure required to oppose the osmotic movement of water.
Oncoticpressure is from plasmaproteins, not bodyfluids.
REF:p. 19
18. A nurse is discussing the movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary membranes into
the interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary. Which process of fluid movement is the nurse
describing?
a. Hydrostaticpressure
b. Osmosis
c. Diffusion
d. Activetransport
ANS: A
Blood reaching the capillary bed has a hydrostatic pressure of 25–30 mm Hg, which is sufficient force
to push water across the thin capillary membranes into the interstitial space. Osmosis involves the
movement of fluid from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Itdoesnot
involve pressureor force. Diffusionis thepassive movement of a solute from an area of higher solute
concentration to an area of lower solute concentration. Active transport involves movement up a
concentration gradient.
REF:p. 19
19. How arepotassium and sodium transportedacross plasma membranes?
a. Bypassive electrolyte channels
b. Bycoupled channels
c. Byadenosinetriphosphateenzyme (ATPase)
d. Bydiffusion
ANS: C
The transporter protein ATPase is directly related to sodium and potassium transport via active
transport.Electrolyte movements requireenergyanddo not movepassively,norare they
transported bydiffusion. Enzymes, not electrolytes, are passed via coupled channels.
REF:p. 21
20. The iontransporter that moves Na+
and Ca2+ simultaneouslyinthesamedirectionis an
example of which of the following types of transport? a. Biport
b. Uniport
c. Antiport
d. Symport [Show Less]