TMN 3705 EXAM PACK 2023 LATEST UPDATE
WITH CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
QUESTION 1: [30 marks]
1) List and explain any two learning theories. (10
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Behaviourism
Behaviourism assumes a learner is essentially passive, and will be shaped through positive or negative reinforcement. Learning is therefore defined as achange in behaviour. Skinner (1974) believed that behaviour is a function of its consequences, i.e. learners will repeat the desired behaviour if positive reinforcement is given. The behaviour should not be repeated if negative feedback is given. Giving immediate feedback, whether positive or negative, should enable your learners to behave in a certain way. Positive reinforcement or rewards can include verbal feedback such asThat’s great, you’ve produced that document without any errorsorYou’re certainly getting on well with that task, through to more tangible rewards such as a certificate at the end of the grade.
Cognitivism
Piaget (1936) was the first psychologist to make a systematic study of cognitive development. His contributions include a stage theory of child cognitive development, detailed observational studies of cognition in children, and a series of simple but ingenious tests to reveal different cognitive abilities. Cognitivism focuses on what happens in the mind – such as thinking and problemsolving. New knowledge is built upon prior knowledge and learners need active participation in order to learn.
Changes in behaviour are observed, but only as an indication of what is taking place in the learner’s mind.
3) How can a Natural Science and Technology teachers accommodate all types of learners in their lesson planning? (5 marks)
VISUAL
AUDITORY
READ/WRITE
KINESTHETIC
Learn by seeingLearn
by hearing
Learn by
reading and writing
Learn by doing
Picture aidsRead-alou
dDictionaries
Practical
assessment
Power pointsVerbal in
structionNote-takingHan
ds on
GraphicsDiscussions
BooksPhysical work
NSTech teachers can accommodate all types of learners with the above-mentioned learning styles so learners can be assisted and be given the support they need. Learners must be given sufficient resources to describe the lessons to [Show Less]