TMN 3705 EXAM PACK 2024 LATEST UPDATE
WITH CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
QUESTION 1: [30 marks]
1) List and explain any two learning theories. (10
... [Show More] marks)
Behaviourism
Behaviourism assumes a learner is essentially passive, and will be shaped through positive or negative reinforcement. Learning is therefore defined as achange in behaviour. Skinner (1974) believed that behaviour is a function of its consequences, i.e. learners will repeat the desired behaviour if positive reinforcement is given. The behaviour should not be repeated if negative feedback is given. Giving immediate feedback, whether positive or negative, should enable your learners to behave in a certain way. Positive reinforcement or rewards can include verbal feedback such asThat’s great, you’ve produced that document without any errorsorYou’re certainly getting on well with that task, through to more tangible rewards such as a certificate at the end of the grade.
Cognitivism
Piaget (1936) was the first psychologist to make a systematic study of cognitive development. His contributions include a stage theory of child cognitive development, detailed observational studies of cognition in children, and a series of simple but ingenious tests to reveal different cognitive abilities. Cognitivism focuses on what happens in the mind – such as thinking and problemsolving. New knowledge is built upon prior knowledge and learners need active participation in order to learn.
Changes in behaviour are observed, but only as an indication of what is taking place in the learner’s
mind.
3)How can a Natural Science and Technology teachers accommodate all types of learners in their lesson planning? (5 marks)
VISUAL AUDITORY READ/WRITE KINESTHETIC
Learn by seeingLearn by hearing Learn by
reading and writing Learn by doing
Picture aidsRead-alou dDictionaries Practical
assessment
Power pointsVerbal in structionNote-takingHan ds on
GraphicsDiscussions BooksPhysical work
NSTech teachers can accommodate all types of learners with the above-mentioned learning styles so learners can be assisted and be given the support they need. Learners must be given sufficient resources to describe the lessons to the learners so they can understand it properly.
4)How does indigenous knowledge differ from western knowledge regarding Technology? (5 marks)
Indigenous knowledge Western knowledge
Seeks to understand the world in a more holistic way and connecting through all the parts. Tries to understand the natural world by studying each part individually.
Weak in predictive principlesWeak in local areas
Lengthy acquisition Rapid acquisition
Explanations based on examplesExplanations b ased on hypothesis
Long-term wisdom Short term prediction
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QUESTION 2: [25 marks]
1.List the seven components of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). (14 marks)
Content Knowledge (CK)– “Teachers’ knowledge about the subject matter to be learned or taught. The content to be covered in middle school science or history is different from the content to be covered in an undergraduate course on art appreciation or a graduate seminar on astrophysics… As Shulman (1986) noted, this knowledge would include knowledge of concepts, theories, ideas, organizational frameworks, knowledge of evidence and proof, as well as established practices and approaches toward developing such knowledge” (Koehler & Mishra, 2009).
Pedagogical Knowledge (PK)– “Teachers’ deep knowledge about the processes and practices or methods of teaching and learning. They encompass, among other things, overall educational purposes, values, and aims. This generic form of knowledge applies to understanding how students learn, general classroom management skills, lesson planning, and student assessment.” (Koehler & Mishra, 2009).
Technology Knowledge (TK)– Knowledge about certain ways of thinking about, and working with technology, tools and resources. and working with technology can apply to all technology tools and resources. This includes understanding information technology broadly enough to apply it productively at work and in everyday life, being able to recognize when information technology can assist or impede the achievement of a goal and being able continually adapt to changes in information technology (Koehler & Mishra, 2009).
Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK)– “Consistent with and similar to Shulman’s idea of knowledge of pedagogy that is applicable to the teaching of specific content. Central to Shulman’s conceptualization of PCK is the notion of the transformation of the subject matter for teaching.
Specifically, according to Shulman (1986), this transformation occurs as the teacher interprets the subject matter, finds multiple ways to represent it, and adapts and tailors the instructional materials to alternative conceptions and students’ prior knowledge. PCK covers the core business of teaching, learning, curriculum, assessment and reporting, such as the conditions that promote learning and the links among curriculum, assessment, and pedagogy” (Koehler & Mishra, 2009). [Show Less]