Digests & absorbs food - small intestine
Houses bacteria that produces several vitamins - Large intestine
Produces bile - liver
Secretes hormones to
... [Show More] maintain blood glucose levels - Pancreas
Begins digestion of carbohydrates - mouth
Diet quality can affect the gut microbiome by enhancing or limiting the diversity of
beneficial microorganisms in the gut. Select the foods that are supportive of a
healthy microbiome. Select all that apply.
a. Omega-3 fatty acids
b. Refined/processed grains
c. Vegetables
d. Plant-derived proteins
e. Artificial sweeteners
f. Fruits - a. Omega-3 fatty acids
c. Vegetables
d. Plant-derived proteins
f. FruitsResponse Feedback:
A diet that is not supportive of a healthy gut is predominant in the following foods:
Processed meats, Saturated fats, Refined/processed grains, Sugar, Salt, Alcohol,
Corn-derived fructose, HFCS, Artificial sweeteners
On the other hand, a diet predominant in the following foods support gut health:
Fruits, Vegetables, Fiber: 28-35g daily, Plant-derived proteins, Monounsaturated
fatty acids, Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, Fermented foods and drinks.
What are the three macronutrients?
a. minerals, vitamins, and water
b. carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins
c. carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
d. fats, proteins, and glucose - c. carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
Response Feedback:
Macronutrients are fat, carbohydrate, and protein. They are energy-yielding
nutrients.
The total amount of energy in a bowl of soup that contains 5 g of protein, 2 g of
fat, and 20 g of carbohydrate is _____ kcal.
a. 27
b. 133
c. 118
d. 108 - c. 118Response Feedback:
Protein provides 4 kcal/g; fat provides 9 kcal/g; carbohydrate provides 4 kcal/g.
Therefore, the soup contains 118 kcal ([5 × 4] + [2 × 9] + [20 × 4] = 20 + 18 + 80).
The primary site of carbohydrate digestion is in the
a. small intestine
b. large intestine
c. stomach
d. mouth - a. small intestine
Response Feedback:
The small intestine is the major organ of digestion, and and the final stages of the
digestive process occur here. The digestive process of carbohydrates begins in the
mouth, but the majority of digestion takes place in the small intestine.
Essential amino acids can be made by the body, so they do not have to be eaten in
the diet. True or false? - False
Response Feedback:
There are nine amino acids that the human body either cannot make at all or cannot
make in sufficient quantity to meet its needs. These nine amino acids must be
supplied by the diet; they are essential.
What is the primary function of fat?
a. to facilitate protein metabolismb. to provide energy
c. to promote the absorption of fat soluble vitamins
d. to facilitate carbohydrate metabolism - b. to provide energy
Response Feedback:
Fat is the densest form of stored energy in food and our bodies providing 9 kcal/g.
Fats can produce more than twice the energy than carbohydrates and protein.
Vitamins...
a. Are soluble in either water or fat
b. Perform best when linked in long chains
c. Yield energy when broken down
d. Are inorganic compounds - a. Are soluble in either water or fat
Response Feedback:
Vitamins are organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and
sometimes nitrogen or other elements. Vitamins facilitate biochemical reactions
within cells to help regulate body processes such as growth and metabolism. They
are essential to life and needed in tiny amounts in the diet both to prevent
deficiency diseases and to support optimal health. Vitamins are different from the
three macronutrients. Vitamins:
Are individual molecules, not long chains of molecules linked together
Do not provide energy but are needed for the metabolism of energy
Are needed in microgram or milligram quantities, not gram quantities, and so are
called micronutrients
xerophthalmia - Vitamin ARickets & osteoporosis - Vitamin D
Bleeding disorders - Vitamin K
Scurvy - Vitamin C
Anemia - Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
Bone & tooth formation - calcium
Blood pressure & fluid regulation - Sodium
Intracellular fluid regulation - Potassium
Assists thyroid with metabolism - Iodine
Carries oxygen to cells - Iron
Populations at greatest risk for malnutrition include
a. Very young children
b. Elderly adults
c. Excessive dieters
d. Chronic alcoholicse. All the above - e. All the above
Response Feedback:
All individuals are potentially at risk for malnutrition, but there are certain
populations of people at greatest risk for malnutrition. These include very young
children, older adults, those with incomplete diets (chronic alcoholics, excessive
dieters, eating disorders, poorly planned vegetarian diets), those with dementia,
depression, swallowing disorders, decreased mobility, those taking drugs with anti
nutrient or catabolic properties, clients in hypermetabolic states, and clients with
no oral intake and/or receiving standard IV solutions for 10 days (adults) or 5 days
(older adults).
True or false? It takes about 10 days for fat stores to be depleted during starvation.
- False
Response Feedback:
It takes 4-6 weeks for fat stores to be depleted during starvation. [Show Less]