Fortinash: Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, 5th Edition
Table of Contents Chapter 01: Psychiatric Nursing: Theory, Principles, and Trends
... [Show More] ................................ ........... 2 Chapter 02: Nursing Practice in the Clinical Setting ................................ ........................ 7 Chapter 03: The Nursing Process and Standards of Practice ................................ .............. 13 Chapter 04: Therapeutic Communication ................................ ................................ .. 24 Chapter 05: Adaptation to Stress................................ ................................ .......... 38 Chapter 06: Neurobiology in Mental Health and Mental Disorder ................................ ......... 44 Chapter 07: Human Development Across the Life Span ................................ ................... 53 Chapter 08: Culture, Ethnicity, and Spirituality ................................ ............................ 62 Chapter 09: Legal and Ethical Aspects in Clinical Practice ................................ ................. 75 Chapter 10: Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders ................................ ............................... 84 Chapter 11: Somatoform, Factitious, and Dissociative Disorders ................................ .......... 96 Chapter 12: Mood Disorders: Depression, Bipolar, and Adjustment Disorders ........................... 104 Chapter 13: Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders ................................ ............... 119 Chapter 14: Personality Disorders ................................ ................................ ....... 133 Chapter 15: Substance-Related Disorders and Addictive Behaviors ................................ ...... 143 Chapter 16: Cognitive Disorders: Delirium, Dementia, and Amnestic Disorders .......................... 155 Chapter 17: Disorders of Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence ................................ ........... 167 Chapter 18: Eating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa ................................ .. 179 Chapter 19: Sleep Disorders: Dyssomnias and Parasomnias ................................ ............ 189 Chapter 20: Sexual Disorders: Sexual Dysfunctions and Paraphilias ................................ ..... 196 Chapter 21: Crisis: Theory and Intervention ................................ .............................. 203 Chapter 22: Suicide Prevention and Intervention................................ ......................... 215 Chapter 23: Violence: Anger, Abuse, and Aggression ................................ ..................... 228 Chapter 24: Forensic Nursing ................................ ................................ ............ 243 Chapter 25: Psychopharmacology ................................ ................................ ........ 249 Chapter 26: Therapies: Theory and Clinical Practice ................................ ...................... 263 Chapter 27: Complementary and Alternative Therapies ................................ .................. 280 Chapter 28: Grief: In Loss and Death ................................ ................................ ..... 287 Chapter 29: Mental and Emotional Responses to Medical Illness ................................ ........ 298 Chapter 30: Community Mental Health Nursing for Patients with Severe and Persistent Mental Illness .. 305
1 | P a g eChapter 01: Psychiatric Nursing: Theory, Principles, and Trends
1. Which understanding is the basis for the nursing actions focused on
minimizing mental health promotion of families with chronically mentally
ill members?
a. Family members are at an increased risk for mental illness.
b. The mental health care system is not prepared to deal with family crises.
c. Family members are seldom prepared to cope with a chronically ill
individual.
d. The chronically mentally ill receive care best when delivered in a formal
setting.
ANS: A
When families live with a dominant member who has a persistent and severe
mental disorder the outcomes are often expressed as family members who are at
increased risk for physical and mental illnesses. The remaining options are not
necessarily true.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 3
2. Which nursing activity shows the nurse actively engaged in the primary
prevention of mental disorders?
a. Providing a patient, whose depression is well managed, with medication on
time
b. Making regular follow-up visits to a new mother at risk for post-partum
depression
c. Providing the family of a patient, diagnosed with depression, information
on suicide prevention
d. Assisting a patient who has obsessive compulsive tendencies prepare and
practice for a job interview
ANS: B
Primary prevention helps to reduce the occurrence of mental disorders by staying
involved with a patient. Providing medication and information on existing illnesses
are examples of secondary prevention which helps to reduce the prevalence of
mental disorders. Assisting a mentally ill patient with preparation for a job interview
is tertiary prevention since it involves rehabilitation.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 4
3. Which intervention reflects attention being focused on the patient’s
intentions regarding his diagnosis of severe depression?
a. Being placed on suicide precautions
b. Encouraging visits by his family members
c. Receiving a combination of medications to address his emotional needs
d. Being asked to decide where he will attend his prescribed therapy
sessions
ANS: D
A primary factor in patient treatment includes consideration of the patient’s
intentions regarding his or her own care. Patients are central to the process that
determines their care as their abilities allow. Under the guidance of PMH nurses and
other mental health personnel, patients are encouraged to make decisions and to
2 | P a g eactively engage in their own treatment plans to meet their needs. The remaining
options are focused on specifics of the determined plan of care.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 5
4. When a patient’s family asks why their chronically mentally ill adult child is
being discharged to a community-based living facility, the nurse responds:
a. “It is a way to meet the need for social support.”
b. “It is too expensive to keep stabilized patients in acute care settings.”
c. “This type of facility will provide the specialized care that is needed.”
d. “Being out in the community will help provide hope and purpose for
living.”
ANS: D
Hospitalization may be necessary for acute care, but, when patients are stabilized,
they move into community-based, patient-centered settings or are discharged home
with continued outpatient treatment in the community. Concentrated efforts are
made to reduce the patient’s sick role by providing opportunities for the
development of a purposeful life and instilling hope for each patient’s future.
Although social support is important, such a living arrangement is not the only way
to achieve it. Although acute care is expensive, it is not the major concern when
determining long-term care options. Community-based facilities are not the only
option for specialized care.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 5
5. What is the best explanation to offer when the mother of a chronically ill
teenage patient asks, “Under what circumstances would he be considered
incompetent?”
a.
“When you can provide the court with enough evidence to show that he is not
able to care for himself safely.”
b. “It is not likely that someone his age would be determined to be incompetent
regardless of his mental condition.”
c.
“He would have to engage in behavior that would result in harm to himself or to
someone else; like you or his siblings.”
d. “If the illness becomes so severe that his judgment is impaired to the point whe
the decisions he makes are harmful to himself or to others.”
re
ANS: D
When a person is unable to cognitively process information or to make decisions
about his or her own welfare, the person may be determined to be mentally
incompetent.
Providing self-care is not the only criteria considered. Age is not a factor considered.
The decision is often based on the potential for such behavior.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 6
6. Which psychiatric nursing intervention shows an understanding of integrated care?
a. A chronically abused woman is assessed for anxiety.
b. A manic patient is taken to the gym to use the exercise equipment.
c. The older adult diagnosed with depression is monitored for suicidal ideations.
d. A teenager who refuses to obey the unit’s rules is not allow to play video game
s.
ANS: A
The majority of health disciplines now recognize that mental disorders and physical
illnesses are closely linked. The presence of a mental disorder increases the risk for
3 | P a g ethe development of physical illnesses and vice versa. Assessing a chronically abused
individual for anxiety call should attention to the psychiatric disorder that could
develop from the abuse. The remaining options show interventions that are
appropriate for the mental disorder.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 6
7. What reason does the nurse give the patient for the emphasis and attention being
paid to the recovery phase of their treatment plan?
a. Recovery care, even when intensive, is less expensive than acute
psychiatric care.
b. Effective recovery care is likely to result in fewer relapses and subsequent
hospitalizations.
c. Planning for recovery care is time consuming and involves dealing with
many complicated details.
d. Recovery care is usually done on an outpatient basis and so is generally
better accepted by patients.
ANS: B
Much attention is paid to recovery care since effective recovery care helps improve
patient outcomes and thus minimize subsequent hospitalizations. Recovery care is
not necessarily less expensive than acute care. Although effective recovery care
planning may be time consuming and detail oriented, that is not the reason for
implementing it. Recovery care is not necessarily well accepted by patients.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 7
8. The nurse is attending a neighborhood meeting where a half-way house is
being proposed for the neighborhood when a member of the community states,
“We don’t want the facility; we especially don’t want violent people living near
us.” The response by the nurse that best addresses the public’s concern is:
a. “In truth, most individuals with psychiatric disorder are passive and withdrawn
and pose little threat to those around them.”
b. “The mentally ill seldom behave in the manner they are portrayed by movies;
they are people just like the rest of us.”
c.
“Patients with psychiatric disorder are so well medicated that they do not displa
violent behaviors.”
d. “The mentally ill deserve a safe, comfortable place to live among people who
truly care for them.”
y
ANS: A
A major reason for the existence of the stigma placed on persons with mental
illness is lack of knowledge. The main fear is of violence, although only a small
percentage of patients with mental illness display this behavior. Providing the public
with accurate information can help reduce stigma. The remaining options do not
directly address the concerns stated.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Pages 13-14
9. Which activity shows that a therapeutic alliance has been established between
the nurse and patient?
a. The nurse respects the patient’s right to privacy when visitors are spending tim
with the patient.
e
b. The patient is eagerly attending all group sessions and working independently o
identifying their personal stressors.
4 | P a g e
c. The patient is freely describing their feelings related to the physical and
emotional trauma they experienced as a child with the nurse.
d. The nurse dutifully administers the patient’s medications on time and with
appropriate knowledge of the potential side effects.
nANS: C
A primary aspect of working with patients in any setting and particularly in the
psychiatric setting is the development of a therapeutic alliance with the patient. Such
an alliance is established on trust. It is a professional bond between the nurse and
the patient that serves as a vehicle for patients to freely discuss their needs and
problems in the absence of the nurse’s criticism or judgment. Any nurse has an
obligation to respect the patient’s rights and administer care effectively. The
patient’s willingness to participate in the plan of care reflects self motivation.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 9
10. Mental health care reform has called for parity between psychiatric and
medical diagnoses. Which is an example of such parity?
a. Depression treatment is not paid for as readily as is treatment for asthma.
b. The mentally ill patient will be protected by law against social stigma.
c. Medical practitioners are trained to be proficient at treating mental disorders.
d. Psychiatric service reimbursement will be equivalent to that of medical services
ANS: D
The term parity as used here refers to payments for mental health services that
equal payment schedules for medical or surgical conditions. The remaining
options(B and C) do not relate to financial reimbursement or funds allocated for
mental health care being equal to those of medical diagnoses.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 15
1. Which assessment findings suggest to the nurse that this patient has
characteristics seen in an individual who has reached self-actualization? Select all
that apply.
a. Reports to have, “found peace and security in my religious faith”
b. Effectively “changed occupations” when a chronic vision problem
worsened
c. Has consistently earned a six-figure salary as an architect for the last 10
years
d. Has been in a supportive, loving relationship with the same individual for
15 years
e. Provides free literacy tutoring help at the local homeless shelter 3 evenings
a week
ANS: A, B, D, E
Characteristics of self actualization would include: spiritual well-being, open and
flexible, relationally fulfilled, and generosity toward others. Salary doesn’t necessarily
reflect self- actualization.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application
REF: Page 4
2. Which nursing activities represent the tertiary level of mental health care?
Select all that apply.
5 | P a g e
a. Providing a depression screening at a local college
b. Helping a mental-challenged patient learn to make correct change
c. Reporting an incidence of possible elder abuse to the appropriate legal agency
d. Regularly assessing a patient’s understanding of their prescribed antidepressan
e. Providing a 6-week parenting class to teenage parents through a local high scho
.ts
o
l
ANS: B, D
Tertiary prevention reduces the residual effects of the disorder such as depression
and mental retardation. There is no quaternary level of prevention. Primary
prevention reduces occurrences of mental disorders such as screenings and
parenting classes, and secondary prevention reduces the prevalence of disorders
as evidenced by assessing
knowledge.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 4
3. Which nursing actions indicate an understanding of the priority issues
currently facing psychiatric mental health nursing today? Select all that
apply.
a. Working on the facility’s ‘Safe Use of Restraints Policy’ revision committee
b. Advocating for increased salaries for all levels of psychiatric mental health nurse
c. Attending a political rally for increased state funding for mental health service
providers
d. Offering an in-service to facility staff regarding the cultural implications of carin
for the Hispanic patient
e. Joining the state nursing committee working on the role and scope of practice o
the advanced practice psychiatric nurse
s
g
f
ANS: A, C, D, E
Priority issues include funding, safety issues in psychiatric treatment centers—
particularly the use of patient restraints, quality-of-care issues, access to health care
for minority populations, and standardization of advanced practice nurse roles.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 9
4. Which assessment findings describe risk factors that increase the potential
risk for mental illness? Select all that apply.
a. Possesses high tolerance for stress
b. Is very curious about ‘how things work’
c. Admits to being a member of an ethnic gang
d. Only practicing Jew among school classmates
e. Has a younger sibling who is mentally challenged
ANS: C, D, E
Risk factors are internal predisposing characteristics and external influences that
increase a person’s vulnerability and potential for developing mental disorders.
Types of risk factors and examples include the following: having a mentally-
challenged family member in the home; belonging to a punitive gang; and being the
object of reject or bullying. The remaining options are protective factors.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 11
5. Which nursing actions show a focus on the fundamental goals that guide
6 | P a g e
a. Offering an informational session of identifying signs of depression at a local
senior center
b. Attending a workshop on evidence practice interventions for the chronically
depressed patientpsychiatric mental health nurses in providing patient care? Select all that apply.
h
ANS: A, B, D, E
Standard objectives guide PMH nurses and members of related disciplines in the
care of patients (individuals, families, communities, and organizations). The
objectives and criteria are as follows: the promotion and protection of mental
health, the prevention of mental disorders, the treatment of mental disorders, and
recovery and rehabilitation.
Keeping appropriate boundaries is a generalized nursing
responsibility. DIF:
Cognitive Level: Analysis
REF:
Page 3
Chapter 02: Nursing Practice in the Clinical Setting
1. Which nursing action is a reflection of Hildegard Peplau’s theoretic
framework regarding psychiatric mental health nursing?
a. Basing patient outcomes on expected instinctual responses
b. Discussing a patient’s feelings regarding parents and siblings
c. Providing the patient with clean clothes and wholesome food
d. Centering professional practice in a state run psychiatric facility
ANS: B
Peplau’s pioneering endeavors and contributions were largely influenced by
interpersonal psychotherapy. She believed that disorders evolved in the social
context of interpersonal interactions. (i.e., what went on between people). Instinctual
responses are more related to intrapersonal interactions. Florence Nightingale was
instrumental in the holistic approach to nursing care, whereas Linda Richards’
practice was centered on institutional care of the mental ill.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 18
2. The nurse is attempting to provide a safe environment for a patient at great
risk for self-harm. Which intervention shows an understanding of evidence-
based practice (EBP)?
a. Using physical restraints only after all other options have been proven ineffectiv
b. Referring to the facility’s policies manual for guidelines for applying physical
restraints
c. Collecting data regarding the short-term effects of using physical restraints on a
aggressive patient
d. Requiring constant monitoring of a patient whose inability to self-regulate ange
has required the use of physical restraints
7 | P a g e
n
r
eANS: B
Health care systems are participating in the shift in nursing practice by
encouraging research in their facilities and by implementing interventions that
increase nurses’ knowledge about EBP. Nurses are participating to make
evidence-based nursing practices available for their use, and they are helping to
determine the outcomes that will benefit patients. The remaining options are
examples of long-standing practice related to the use of physical restraints.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 19
3. Which statement by the patient reflects patient education that was based on
the concept of integrated patient care?
a. “I know I’m anxious when I get a tension headache.”
b. “My anxiety is a result of stressors I don’t cope well with.”
c. “Medication has helped me tremendously with anxiety control.”
8 | P a g ed. “Anxiety runs in my family; my entire family is trying to deal with it.”
ANS: A
Integrated patient care is the recognition of the interplay between physical and
mental health. In integrated care, these disorders are not treated as separate
illnesses; rather, they are treated together. The remaining options make no mention
of a relationship between mental and physical illness.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 19
4. The nurse demonstrates objective patient care when:
a. Being sympathetic to the patient’s recent loss of a spouse
b. Protecting the anxious patient by eliminating stressors in the milieu
c. Responding to the patient by stating, “I know exactly how you feel.”
d. Facilitating the patient’s exploration of various stress reduction techniques
ANS: D
The nurse demonstrates objectivity by helping the patient to process and
organize thoughts that are directed toward the solving of his or her own
problems. With sympathy, the nurse loses objectivity and moves into his or her
own personal feelings. Removing all stress does not allow the patient to develop
necessary coping skills.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Pages 21- 22
5. Which nursing intervention would be appropriately addressed during the
orientation phase of the nurse–patient relationship?
a. Self reflection by the nurse regarding personal biases and prejudices
regarding the patient
b. Patient works at prioritizing personal needs and develops realistic
expected outcomes
c. Establishing the contract between the nurse and the patient regarding
mutual needs and expectations
d. Patient commits to the reinforcement of positive personal characteristics
while working on problems and concerns
ANS: C
A contract or agreement is established during the orientation phase of the
relationship. The contract defines limits and expectations of both the patient and the
nurse. Self Reflection occurs during the pre-orientation phase while the remaining
options are addressed during the working phase of the relationship.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis
REF: Page 22
6. Which action on the part of a novice psychiatric mental health nurse shows a
need for future development of altruism?
a. Excusing a patient from attending group because, “all that talking makes me so
anxious”
b. Not permitting two patients who are physically attracted to each other to engag
in public displays of affection
c. Placing a physically aggressive patient in restraints when they are unable to
internally calm their anger
d. Self-reflecting on “why I continue to work with patients who are so emotionally
damaged they will never be normal”
9 | P a g e
eANS: A
This option shows a misguided kindness that will ultimately have a negative
impact on the patient’s treatment. The remaining options show responsible
nursing interventions that include self-reflection of personal motivation for such
work.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application
REF: Page 24
7. The greatest negative outcome resulting from a nurse’s fear of a mentally ill
patient is that the:
a. Nurse will reinforce negative stereotyping of the mentally ill.
b. Patient will experience increased bias against the nursing staff.
c. Public’s fearfulness of the mentally ill will continue to be exaggerated.
d. Therapeutic alliance between the nurse and patient will not develop
effectively.
ANS: D
Unrealistic preconceived images, stereotyping, and biases have an effect on nurses
that, when resulting in fear, will negatively impact the therapeutic effectiveness of the
nurse and the care provided. The remaining options do not have the priority that
providing quality patient care has.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 26
8. Which action on the part of a novice mental health nurse will best minimize
fear related to effectively working with the psychotic patient?
a. Be knowledgeable about psychotropic medications and their affect on
psychosis.
b. Always arrange for staff support when working one-on-one with a
psychotic patient.
c. Take advantage of opportunities to attend workshops devoted to the care of
the psychotic patient.
d. Recognize that the psychotic patient is not in control of their behaviors due
to their altered though processes.
ANS: C
Fear breeds avoidance, but knowledge and preparation diminish fear and bring
confidence. Being prepared before entering the psychiatric setting includes having
knowledge and understanding of mental disorders. The remaining options do not
provide confidence but rather means of controlling or avoiding the psychotic
patient.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis
REF: Page 26
9. Which response by the nurse manager to a novice mental health nurse is
most effective when the nurse asks, “How do I justify not keeping a
patient’s secret?”
a. “Never promise the patient that you will keep a secret for them.”
b. “Always stop the patient from telling you something as a secret.”
c.
“Let the patient know that you will not keep a secret that could ultimately
cause harm or affect their treatment.”
d. “Keep reminding yourself that you are not the patient’s friend but
rather a professional mental health provider.”
10 | P a g eANS: C
Nurses and other healthcare professionals do not keep secrets or make promises to
patients when the secret may interfere with the patient’s treatment or put them or
others at risk for harm. The remaining options offer appropriate nursing actions but
do not effectively answer the nurse’s question.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis
REF: Page 30
10. The nurse is effectively facilitating the nurse-patient relationship when:
a. Sharing with an angry patient who is verbally abusive that, “Although I can
accept that you are angry, I cannot and will not accept your verbal abuse.”
b. Focusing on the patient’s life experience without relating to the similarities of
one’s own experiences
c. Objectively providing constructive criticism that is directed to helping the patie
identify inappropriate behaviors
d. Refraining from abandoning the patient regardless of the frustration the
interaction causes
nt
ANS: A
Accepting the patient’s feelings is essential; however, it is not necessary to accept all
of the patient’s behaviors. Assist the patient by setting limits on patient behaviors
that are self-defeating or that threaten the patient or others in any way. Setting
these limits allows for mutual respect in the therapeutic alliance. The remaining
options enhance the patient’s clinical experience rather than the nurse-patient
relationship.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 35
11. An often expressed intrinsic reward of psychiatric mental health nursing is:
a. Seeing the seriously ill recover their health
b. Working with patients of all ages and walks of life
c. Working with well-trained, caring health care providers
d. Having time to really focus on the human who is the patient
ANS: D
Psychiatric mental health nurses are able to spend the time to know the patient not
only as a patient but as an individual. This is an opportunity most nurses whose
practice is based on the physical care of the patient is not afforded. The remaining
options are not necessarily unique to psychiatric nursing.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 36
12. Which statement is an example of an inference?
a. “He is an alcoholic because his wife nags a lot.”
b. “He states he binges after arguing with his wife.”
c. “You say your alcohol intake exceeds a quart a day.”
d. “So you are saying that you were drinking earlier today.”
ANS: A
An inference is an interpretation of behavior that is made by finding motive and
forming conclusions without having all the necessary information. The nurse
interprets the patient’s behavior, decides on a reason, assigns a motive, and forms a
conclusion. The remaining options are validations of observations.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 34
11 | P a g e1. Which interactions are likely outcomes of a well-established therapeutic
alliance? Select all that apply.
a. The nurse states, “I’m not here to judge but rather to help.”
b. The patient states, “I really think I can handle this problem now.”
c. The patient asks his abusive father to attend counseling with him.
d. The nurse sets boundaries for a patient who has few social skills.
12 | P a g ee. The patient with anger issues voluntarily goes into the seclusion room.
ANS: A, B, C, E
The alliance serves as a vehicle that provides patients with an opportunity to
freely discuss their needs and problems in the absence of judgment and criticism,
to gain insight into their abilities, to practice new coping skills, and to heal
emotional wounds. Setting boundaries is not an outcome of such an alliance.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 19
2. Which nursing interventions are directly related to the principles on
which a therapeutic alliance is based? Select all that apply.
a. Graciously declining to, “Come visit when I get discharged.”
b. Establishing the topic to be discussed at each group session
c. Explaining to the patient the purpose of terminating the alliance
d. Sharing how the nurse also has experienced the same problems
e. Providing subjective feedback to the patient’s efforts at therapy
ANS: A, B, C
The principles that focus on the development and maintenance of a healthy alliance
include: the relationship is therapeutic rather than social; the focus remains on the
patient’s needs and problems rather than on the nurse; the relationship is
purposeful and goal directed; the relationship is objective rather than subjective in
quality; and the relationship is time-limited rather than open-ended. The sharing of
experiencing is not patient centered.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 20
3. The nurse is attempting to minimize the group’s display of resistance during
a therapy session. Which patients are at risk for displaying such behavior?
Select all that apply
a. The patient who is cognitively impaired
b. The patient who is older and well educated
c. The patient who is aggressive and attention seeking
d. The patient who has attended similar therapy groups in the past
e. The patient who has been diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia
ANS: A, D, E
A patient who redirects the focus away from himself or herself by changing the
subject is engaging in resistance behavior. Patients divert the topic for one or more of
several reasons: a fear of being judged; avoiding the repetition of material that has
been previously discussed; or the inability to stay cognitively focused. The attention-
seeking patient may attempt to monopolize the discussion but not necessarily be at
risk for resisting the topic. Age and education are not risk factors.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Pages 20-21
Chapter 03: The Nursing Process and Standards of Practice
1. The patient asks the nurse, “I’ve heard the student nurses talk about the
nursing process. Why is there so much emphasis on using the nursing
13 | P a g eprocess?” The response that explains the need for nurses to understand [Show Less]