1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins.
b. Cells can secrete
... [Show More] digestive
enzymes.
c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
d. Cells can synthesize fats.
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from
their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of
cellular metabolicabsorption.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of
RNA, most ofthe cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones,
which regulate its activity. The mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration
and energy production.
Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes
functionas the intracellular digestive system.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
Test Bank - Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th) 6
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen
to removehydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: B
Test Bank - Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th) 7
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to
remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces
H2O2, which is apowerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or
escapes from peroxisomes.
Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the
nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope
called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from
the Golgi complex and containmore than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases,
which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. An
endosome is a vesical that has been pinched off from the cellular membrane.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell
injury?
a. Ribosome
b. Golgi complex
c. Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
d. Lysosomes
ANS: D
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive
enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the
cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular
injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their
specific substrates, causing cellular self- digestion. The chief function of a ribosome is
to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. TheGolgi complex is a network of
flattened, smooth vesicles and membranes often located near thecell nucleus. The
smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid hormone production and
removing toxic substances from the cell.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
5. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
Test Bank - Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th) 8
a. Increased heart rate and force of
contraction
b. Secretion of cortisol
c. Increased retention of water
d. Breakdown of fat
ANS: C
Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body.
Epinephrine causes increases in heart rate and force of contraction. Increased
cortisol secretion is due to ACTH.Breakdown of fat is due to glucagon.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
Test Bank - Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th) 9
ANS: B
The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the
periodbetween the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S
phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2
phase, during whichRNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the
completion of DNA synthesis and thenext phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which
includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as
receptors,transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
ANS: C
Proteins have several functions, including acting as receptors, transport channels for
electrolytes,and enzymes to drive active pumps Lipids help act as the “glue” holding cell
membranes together. Proteases cause the breakdown of protein. Carbohydrates are
involved in cellular protection and lubrication and help produce energy via oxidative
phosphorylation.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades may be useful in designing
drug therapyfor which human diseases?
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal
disorders
ANS: B
Test Bank - Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th) 10
Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing
drug interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many
human diseases,including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative
disorders. Cardiac, vascular, gastrointestinal, renal, and endocrine disorders do
not involve this process.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
9. Which structure prevents water-soluble molecules from entering cells across
the plasmamembrane?
a. Carbohydrate chains
b. Glycoprotein channels
c. Membrane channel
proteins
d. Lipid bilayer
ANS: D
Test Bank - Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th) 11
The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the plasma
membrane. It is impermeable to most water-soluble molecules (molecules that dissolve
in water) because the water-soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily core region. The
bilayer serves as a barrier to the diffusion of water and hydrophilic substances while
allowing lipid-soluble molecules, such asoxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to
diffuse through it readily. Carbohydrate chains, glycoprotein channels, and membrane
channel proteins do not prevent water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the
cell membrane.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
10. A student asks for an explanation of the absolute refractory period of the action
potential. Whatresponse by the professor is best?
a. A stronger than normal impulse will evoke another response.
b. No stimulus is able to evoke another response at this time.
c. Multiple stimuli can produce more rapid action potentials.
d. The hyperpolarized state means a weaker stimulus produces a
response.
ANS: B
During the absolute refractory state of the action potential, no stimulus is able to
evoke anotherresponse from the cell. A stronger than normal impulse may generate a
response in the relative refractory period. This period of time is not related to the
number of stimuli. A hyperpolarized state means a stronger than normal stimulus
would be needed to generate a response.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
11. Which form of cell communication is used to communicate within the cell itself and
with othercells in direct physical contact?
a. Protein channel (gap junction)
b. Plasma membrane-bound signaling molecules
c. Hormone secretion such as neurotransmitt [Show Less]