Details of TEST BANK NESTER'S MICROBIOLOGY A Human Perspective 8TH EDITION DENISE G. ANDERSONContents
Chapter 01 Humans and the Microbial World
... [Show More] ................................ ................................ ...... 2 Chapter 02 The Molecules of Life ................................ ................................ ............... 27 Chapter 03 Microscopy and Cell Structure ................................ ................................ ....... 53 Chapter 04 Dynamics of Prokaryotic Growth ................................ ................................ ..... 83 Chapter 05 Control of Microbial Growth ................................ ................................ ........ 108 Chapter 06 Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth ................................ ................................ .... 131 Chapter 07 The Blueprint of Life, from DNA to Protein ................................ ............................ 158 Chapter 08 Bacterial Genetics ................................ ................................ ................. 188 Chapter 09 Biotechnology and Recombinant DNA ................................ ................................ 213 Chapter 10 Identification and Classification of Prokaryotic Organisms ................................ ............... 237 Chapter 11 The Diversity of Prokaryotic Organisms ................................ .............................. 260 Chapter 12 The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World ................................ ....................... 287 Chapter 13 Viruses, Viroids, and Prions ................................ ................................ ......... 313 Chapter 14 The Innate Immune Response ................................ ................................ ....... 370 Chapter 15 The Adaptive Immune Response ................................ ................................ .... 398 Chapter 16 Host-Microbe Interactions ................................ ................................ .......... 429 Chapter 17 Immunologic Disorders ................................ ................................ ............ 460 Chapter 18 Applications of Immune Responses ................................ ................................ .. 490 Chapter 19 Epidemiology................................ ................................ ..................... 516 Chapter 20 Antimicrobial Medications ................................ ................................ .......... 544 Chapter 21 Respiratory System Infections ................................ ................................ ....... 569 Chapter 22 Skin Infections ................................ ................................ .................... 599 Chapter 23 Wound Infections ................................ ................................ ................. 629 Chapter 24 Digestive System Infections ................................ ................................ ......... 653 Chapter 25 Blood and Lymphatic Tract Infections ................................ ................................ 680 Chapter 26 Nervous System Infections ................................ ................................ ......... 703 Chapter 27 Genitourinary Infections ................................ ................................ ........... 727 Chapter 28 HIV Disease and Complications of Immunodeficiency ................................ ................... 756 Chapter 29 Microbial Ecology ................................ ................................ ................. 776 Chapter 30 Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted ................................ ... 791
1 | P a g eChapter 01
Humans and the Microbial World
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The scientist usually considered the first to see microorganisms, which he called
"animalcules", was
A.
Redi.
B.
van Leeuwenhoek.
C.
Pasteur.
D.
Tyndall.
Bloom's Level: 1.
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Outcome: 01.01
Section: 01.01
Topic: History of Microbiology
2. The word "animalcule" was coined by
A. Pasteur.
B. van Leeuwenhoek.
C. Redi.
D. Tyndall.
Bloom's Level: 1.
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2 | P a g eOutcome: 01.01
Section: 01.01
Topic: History of Microbiology
3.
The idea of spontaneous Generation postulated that
A. organisms could evolve into the next generation of organisms.
B. organisms could spontaneously combust.
C. organisms could spontaneously arise from other living organisms.
D. living organisms could spontaneously arise from non-living material.
Bloom's Level: 2.
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Outcome: 01.01
Section: 01.01
Topic: History of Microbiology
4. Which of these scientist(s) was/were involved in, among other things, investigating the idea
of spontaneous generation?
A. Redi
B. van Leeuwenhoek
C. Pasteur
D. Escherich
E. Redi AND Pasteur
Bloom's Level: 1.
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Outcome: 01.01
Section: 01.01
Topic: History of Microbiology
5. The work of Tyndall and Cohn
A. supported the idea of spontaneous generation.
B. was used to explain why others investigating spontaneous generation had obtained
results that were opposite of those obtained by Pasteur.
C. showed that microbes caused disease.
D. allowed scientists to see microorganisms.
Bloom's Level: 2.
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Outcome: 01.01
Section: 01.01
3 | P a g eTopic: History of Microbiology
6.
The structures present in the hay infusions used in experiments on spontaneous generation
that made them difficult to sterilize are
A. chlorophyll.
B. toxins.
C. organelles.
D. endospores.
Bloom's Level: 1.
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Outcome: 01.01
Section: 01.01
Topic: History of Microbiology
7. The opposite results obtained by scientists apparently doing the same experiments
in investigating spontaneous generation
A. shows the importance of repeating experiments.
B. shows the importance of exactly duplicating experimental conditions.
C. led to further experiments that ultimately furthered knowledge.
D. All of the choices are correct.
Bloom's Level: 2.
Understand Learning
Outcome: 01.01
Section: 01.01
Topic: History of Microbiology
8.
If while investigating spontaneous generation, Pasteur had his laboratory located in a stable
A. the results would, most likely, have supported the idea of spontaneous generation.
B. the results would, most likely, have not supported the idea of spontaneous generation.
C. this would have had no effect on his results.
D. this would have shown his love of horses.
Bloom's Level: 3.
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Outcome: 01.01
Section: 01.01
4 | P a g eTopic: History of Microbiology
9. Cellulose is a major component of plants and is only directly digested by
A. herbivores.
B. carnivores.
C. termites.
D. microorganisms.
Bloom's Level: 2.
Understand Learning
Outcome: 01.02
Section: 01.02
Topic: Environmental Microbiology
10. Plants are dependent on microorganisms for
A. providing oxygen.
B. providing water.
C. changing atmospheric nitrogen to a usable form.
D. providing carbohydrates.
Bloom's Level: 2.
Understand Learning
Outcome: 01.02
Section: 01.02
Topic: Environmental Microbiology
11. Microorganisms are involved in
A. causing disease.
B. curing/treating disease.
C. preparing food.
D. cleaning up pollutants.
E. All of the choices are correct.
Bloom's Level: 2.
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Outcome: 01.03
Section: 01.02
Topic: Applied and Industrial Microbiology
12. Bacteria have been used to help produce or modify food products
A. for several thousand years.
B.
5 | P a g esince the Middle Ages.
C. since the late 1800s.
D. since the 1950s.
Bloom's Level: 1.
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Outcome: 01.03
Section: 01.02
Topic: Applied and Industrial Microbiology
13. Microorganisms are involved in
A. production of medicinal products.
B. transforming atmospheric nitrogen to a form useful to plants.
C. food production.
D. pollution cleanup.
E. All of the choices are correct.
Bloom's Level: 2.
Understand Learning
Outcome: 01.03
Section: 01.02
Topic: Applied and Industrial Microbiology
14. Bioremediation refers to
A. rehabilitating wayward bacteria.
B. using bacteria to clean up pollutants.
C. vaccine development.
D. monitoring newly discovered disease organisms.
Bloom's Level: 1.
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Outcome: 01.03
Section: 01.02
Topic: Applied and Industrial Microbiology
15. The Golden Age of Medical Microbiology
A. occurred during the late 1800s to early 1900s.
B. started in the 1990s with the advent of genetic engineering.
C. is a time when the knowledge of and techniques to work with bacteria blossomed.
D. was when people realized that diseases could be caused by invisible agents.
E. occurred during the late 1800s to early 1900s, is a time when the knowledge of and
techniques to work with bacteria blossomed AND was when people realized that diseases
6 | P a g ecould be caused by invisible agents.
Bloom's Level: 1.
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Outcome: 01.04
Section: 01.02
Topic: History of Microbiology
16.16.
Newly emerging or reemerging diseases
A. may be due to changing lifestyles.
B.
are exemplified by Lyme disease and toxic shock syndrome.
C. may reflect a breakdown in sanitation/social order.
D. may be related to global cooling.
E.
may be due to changing lifestyles, are exemplified by Lyme disease and toxic shock
syndrome, AND may reflect a breakdown in sanitation/social order.
Bloom's Level: 2.
Understand Learning
Outcome: 01.04
Section: 01.02
Topic: Infection and Disease
17.17.
Lyme disease is an example of a disease
A. that is due to a greater degree of interaction between humans and tick-carrying animals.
B. that is due to a decline in vaccinations.
C. that is due to a mutation in the human genome.
D. that is due to climate change leading to a greater mosquito population.
Bloom's Level: 2.
Understand Learning
Outcome: 01.04
Section: 01.02
7 | P a g eTopic: Infection and Disease
18. The outbreak of measles within the last few years was due to
A. mutation of the virus.
B. change in the environment.
C. a decline in vaccination of children in the previous years.
D. increase in sensitivity of detection techniques.
Bloom's Level: 2.
Understand Learning
Outcome: 01.04
Section: 01.02
Topic: Infection and Disease
19. Smallpox
A. has been eliminated as a naturally occurring infection in human beings.
B.
still occasionally occurs in third world countries.
C. probably only had a human reservoir.
D. was dealt with by vaccination.
E. has been eliminated as a naturally occurring infection in human beings, AND was dealt
with by vaccination.
Bloom's Level: 2.
Understand Learning
Outcome: 01.04
Section: 01.02
Topic: History of Microbiology
20. Smallpox
A.
aided European domination of new world nations.
B. has not occurred naturally anywhere in the world since 1977.
C. has potential as a weapon of bioterrorism.
D. has killed millions of people.
E. All of the choices are correct.
Bloom's Level: 1.
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Outcome: 01.04
Section: 01.02
8 | P a g eTopic: History of Microbiology
21. Diseases such as ulcers and cardiovascular disease
A. have been shown to be, or may be due to, a bacterial infection.
B. are solely due to lifestyle.
C. are solely due to genetics.
D. are due to new mutations in bacteria.
Bloom's Level: 2.
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Outcome: 01.04
Section: 01.02
Topic: Infection and Disease
22. Bacteria are useful to study because
A. they produce protein in a similar manner to more complex organisms.
B. they replicate DNA in a similar manner to more complex organisms.
C. they produce energy in a similar manner to more complex organisms.
D. they are grown quickly, easily, and cheaply.
E. All of the choices are correct.
Bloom's Level: 2.
Understand Learning
Outcome: 01.05
Section: 01.03
Topic: Tools and Methods of Culturing, Classifying, and Identify Microorganisms
23. Bacteria
A. are not found on our bodies.
B. are only found on small select parts of our bodies.
C.
provide protection to us from disease by covering our bodies, crowding out "bad" invading bacteria.
D. always cause disease when growing on our bodies.
Bloom's Level: 2.
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Outcome: 01.04
Section: 01.02
Topic: History of Microbiology
9 | P a g e24. Bacteria are present on the body
A. only during disease-causing infections.
B. constantly.
C. only in certain restricted areas.
D. never.
Bloom's Level: 1.
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Outcome: 01.04
Section: 01.02
Topic: Infection and Disease
25. Bacteria are good models to use because they
A. are large in size.
B. share many biochemical/physiological properties with more complicated organisms.
C. can be assembled into multicellular organisms.
D. have complicated growth requirements.
Bloom's Level: 2.
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Outcome: 01.05
Section: 01.03
Topic: Microbial Growth and Nutrition
26.26.
Which is usually true of bacteria?
A. They are found as rods, spheres, or spirals.
B. They reproduce by binary fission.
C. They contain rigid cell walls made of peptidoglycan.
D. They are found as single cells.
E. All of the choices are correct.
Bloom's Level: 1.
Remember Learning
Outcome: 01.06
Section:
01.03 Topic:
Prokaryotes
27.27.
Which is usually true of archaea?
10 | P a g eA. They are found as rods, spheres, or spirals.
B. They reproduce by binary fission.
C. They contain rigid cell walls.
D. They are found as single cells.
E. All of the choices are correct.
Bloom's Level: 1.
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Outcome: 01.06
Section:
01.03 Topic:
Prokaryotes
28.28.
Which is not usually true of archaea?
A. They are found as rods, spheres, or spirals.
B. They reproduce by binary fission.
C. They contain rigid cell walls.
D. They are found as single cells.
E. They contain peptidoglycan as part of their cell walls.
Bloom's Level: 1.
Remember Learning
Outcome: 01.06
Section:
01.03 Topic:
Prokaryotes
29.29.
Some archaea are commonly found in
A. meteors.
B. boiling hot springs.
C. the Great Salt Lake.
D. your refrigerator.
E. boiling hot springs AND the Great Salt Lake.
Bloom's Level: 1.
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Outcome: 01.06
Section:
01.03 Topic:
11 | P a g eProkaryotes
30.30.
The cell types that lack a membrane-bound nucleus are found in the
A. eukaryotes.
B. prokaryotes.
C. archaea.
D. protista.
E. prokaryotes AND archaea.
Bloom's Level: 1.
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Outcome: 01.06
Section:
01.03 Topic:
Prokaryotes
31. The prokaryotic cell scheme is found in
A.
bacteria.
B.
archaea.
C.
eucarya.
D. All of the choices are correct.
E.
bacteria AND archaea.
Bloom's Level: 1.
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Outcome: 01.06
Section:
01.03 Topic:
12 | P a g eProkaryotes
32. Eucarya
A. consist of only multicellular organisms.
B.
have a more complex internal structure than archaea or bacteria.
C.
have a simpler internal structure than archaea or bacteria.
D. have a membrane around the DNA.
E.
have a more complex internal structure than archaea or bacteria AND have a membrane around the DNA.
Bloom's Level: 2.
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Outcome: 01.06
Section:
01.03 Topic:
Eukaryotes
33. Which group(s) below contain single-celled and multicellular organisms?
A.
Algae
B.
Fungi
C.
Protozoa
D. All of the choices are correct.
E.
Algae AND Fungi
13 | P a g eBloom's Level: 2.
Understand Learning
Outcome: 01.07
Section:
01.03 Topic:
Eukaryotes
34. Organisms
A. may be classified in four domains.
B. may be classified in three domains.
C. probably do not have a common ancestor.
D. have never shared genes between
domains. E.
may be classified in three domains, probably do not have a common ancestor, AND have
never shared genes between domains.
Bloom's Level: 1.
Remember Learning
Outcome: 01.06
Section: 01.03
Topic: Tools and Methods of Culturing, Classifying, and Identify Microorganisms
35. The system by which organisms are named is referred to as
A. systematics.
B. naming.
C. nomenclature.
D. cladistics.
Bloom's Level: 1.
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Outcome: 01.08
Section: 01.03
Topic: Tools and Methods of Culturing, Classifying, and Identify Microorganisms
36. The scientific name of an organism includes its
A. family and genus.
B. first name and last name.
C. genus and species.
D. domain.
E. genus and species AND domain.
14 | P a g eBloom's Level: 1.
Remember Learning
Outcome: 01.08
Section: 01.03
Topic: Tools and Methods of Culturing, Classifying, and Identify Microorganisms
37. Which is/are the correct form(s)?
A. Staphylococcus aureus
B. Staphylococcus aureus
C. staphylococcus aureus
D. S. aureus
E. Staphylococcus aureus AND S. aureus
Bloom's Level: 3.
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Outcome: 01.08
Section: 01.03
Topic: Tools and Methods of Culturing, Classifying, and Identify Microorganisms
38. Which of these may pertain to the term strain?
A. E. coli 0157:H7
B. E. coli
C.
Minor variation of a species
D.
Major variation of a species
E. E. coli 0157:H7 AND minor variation of a species
Bloom's Level: 2.
Understand Learning
Outcome: 01.08
Section: 01.03
Topic: Tools and Methods of Culturing, Classifying, and Identify Microorganisms
39. Viroids
A. are naked (lacking a protein shell) pieces of RNA.
B. are naked (lacking a protein shell) pieces of DNA.
C. are known to cause neurodegenerative diseases in animals.
15 | P a g eD. are composed of protein encasing DNA.
E. are known to cause neurodegenerative diseases in animals AND are composed of protein
encasing DNA.
Bloom's Level: 1.
Remember Learning
Outcome: 01.09
Section:
01.04
Topic:
Viruses
40. Outside a cell, viruses are
A. running a small number of biochemical reactions.
B. synthesizing proteins necessary for entry into the host.
C. inactive.
D. constructing a cell membrane known as an envelope.
E. running a small number of biochemical reactions AND synthesizing proteins necessary for
entry into the host.
Bloom's Level: 2.
Understand Learning
Outcome: 01.09
Section:
01.04
Topic:
Viruses
41. Viruses may only be grown
A. in sterile, cell-free chemical growth media.
B. in living cells.
C. at body temperature.
D. in darkness.
Bloom's Level: 3.
Apply Learning
Outcome: 01.09
Section:
01.04
Topic:
Viruses
42. Viruses are in the group
A.
16 | P a g eviridaeae.
B.
eukarya.
C.
archaea.
D.
bacteria.
E. None of the choices is correct.
Bloom's Level: 1.
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Outcome: 01.09
Section:
01.04
Topic:
Viruses
43. Viruses
A. are obligate intracellular parasites.
B. are single-celled organisms.
C. consist of only proteins.
D.
are in the Domain Archaea.
E. are obligate intracellular parasites AND are single-celled organisms.
Bloom's Level: 2.
Understand Learning
Outcome: 01.09
Section:
01.04
Topic:
Viruses
44. Viruses are often referred to as
17 | P a g eA. infectious agents.
B. eubacteria.
C. archaebacteria.
D. cellular agents.
Bloom's Level: 1.
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Outcome: 01.09
Section:
01.04
Topic:
Viruses
45.45.
Viruses, viroids, and prions all
A. operate intracellularly.
B. may be considered acellular agents of disease.
C. contain DNA.
D. infect only animals.
E. operate intracellularly AND may be considered acellular agents of disease.
Bloom's Level: 2.
Understand Learning
Outcome: 01.09
Section:
01.04
Topic:
Viruses
46. Both viruses and viroids are
A. capable of independent reproduction.
B. obligate intracellular parasites.
C. interdependent with one another for reproduction.
D. larger than most bacteria in size.
Bloom's Level: 2.
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Outcome: 01.09
Section:
01.04
Topic:
Viruses
18 | P a g e47. Prions
A. are only composed of RNA.
B. are only composed of DNA.
C. are only composed of protein.
D. cause diseases in plants.
E. are only composed of RNA AND cause diseases in plants.
Bloom's Level: 1.
Remember Learning
Outcome: 01.09
Section:
01.04
Topic:
Viruses
48. The smallest organism is probably determined by
A. the number of molecules necessary for its growth and replication.
B. the size of the molecules necessary for its growth and replication.
C. its membrane.
D. its volume.
E. the number of molecules necessary for its growth and replication AND the size of the
molecules necessary for its growth and replication.
Bloom's Level: 3.
Apply Learning
Outcome: 01.10
Section: 01.05
Topic: Tools and Methods of Culturing, Classifying, and Identify Microorganisms
49. A new organism was found that was unicellular and 1 cm long. The "large" size of this
organism alone would
A. mean that it could not be a bacterium.
B. mean that it had to be a protista.
C. mean little.
D.
mean that it had to be in the domain eukarya.
Bloom's Level: 2.
Understand Learning
Outcome: 01.10
Section: 01.05
Topic: Tools and Methods of Culturing, Classifying, and Identify Microorganisms
19 | P a g e50. Although it is said that the twentieth century [Show Less]