Test Bank Molecular Biology of the Cell 6th Edition, by Bruce Alberts
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL, SIXTH EDITION CHAPTER 1: CELLS AND GENOMES Grade
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1. Scientists discover more than ten thousand new species of living organisms every year. What is shared between all these organisms?
A. They are made of cells whose nuclei enclose their DNA.
B. They obtain their energy from sunlight.
C. They produce and use adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
D. Their genome contains at least 1000 genes.
E. All of the above.
All living organisms are made of cells. However, only a minority of them are eukaryotes with defined cell nuclei. Not all cells obtain their energy directly from sunlight. However, regardless of the energy source, the main energy currency used by all known living cells is ATP. Some prokaryotic genomes contain only a few hundred genes.
2. All cells …
A. have membrane transport proteins
B. synthesize proteins on the ribosome
C. replicate their genome by DNA polymerization
D. transcribe their genetic information by RNA polymerization.
E. All of the above
All living cells replicate their DNA by the same overall mechanism of templated polymerization. They also transcribe the genetic information into RNA form using the same mechanism. Translation of this information into protein form is mediated by the ribosome in all cells. Additionally, all cellular membranes have membrane transport proteins that control the flow of material through the membranes.
3. Imagine a segment of DNA (within a gene) encoding a certain amount of information in its nucleotide sequence. When this segment is fully transcribed into mRNA and then translated into protein, in general, …
A. the protein sequence would carry more information compared to the DNA and mRNA sequences, because its alphabet has 20 letters
B. the protein sequence would carry less information compared to the DNA and mRNA sequences, because several codons can correspond to one amino acid
C. the amount of information in the mRNA sequence is lower, because the mRNA has been transcribed using only one of the DNA strands as the template
D. the amount of information in the mRNA sequence is higher, because several mRNA molecules can be transcribed from one DNA molecule
4. Which of the following processes that happens inside a cell DOES NOT normally require consumption of free energy by the cell?
A. Replication of the genetic material
B. Import of nutrients from the environment
C. Diffusion of small molecules within the cell
D. Regulation of gene expression
E. Synthesis of enzymes that catalyze cellular reactions [Show Less]