Chapter 4: Introduction to Qualitative Research
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What does the “grounded” in grounded theory mean?
a. Small pieces of
... [Show More] data are “ground
up” in the analysis process.
b. The theory that emerges is
“grounded” in real-world data.
c. No theory is groundless.
d. All data must be “on the ground”
and written out fully.
ANS: B
Grounded theory research is an inductive research technique developed by
Glaser and Strauss through their study of the experience of dying. The
method’s name means the findings are grounded in the concrete world as
experienced by the participants and are interpreted at a more abstract
theoretical level.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: Page 62
2. An ethnographic researcher plans to study organizations and how they
promote or suppress individual effort. What type of ethnography will the
researcher select?
a. Classical ethnography
b. Systematic ethnography
c. Interpretive ethnography
d. Critical ethnography
ANS: B
Four schools of thought within ethnography have emerged from different
philosophical perspectives and these include classical, systematic,
interpretive, and critical ethnography. Classical ethnography seeks to
provide a comprehensive holistic description of a culture. In contrast,
systematic ethnography explores and describes the structures of the
culture with an increased focus on groups, patterns of social interaction,
organizations, and institutions. Interpretive ethnography has as its goal
understanding the values and thinking that result in the behaviors and
symbols of the people being studied. Critical ethnography has a political
purpose of relieving oppression and empowering a group of people to take
action on their own behalf. It is not ethnography’s focus to construct
theories.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 64
3. Why is the Sunshine Model of ethnonursing more specific to health than
other ethnography models?
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a. It was created by a nurse.
b. It values the point of view of the
individual.
c. It focuses on factors that impact
health.
d. It explains how various levels of
culture interact.
ANS: C
Madeline Leininger (1970) brought ethnography into nursing science by
writing the first book linking nursing with anthropology. Leininger was first
a nurse and then earned her doctoral degree in anthropology. In the 1950s,
she began developing a framework for culture care that became the
Sunshine Model (Clarke, McFarland, Andrews, & Leininger, 2009). The
Sunshine Model identifies factors that affect health and illness, such as
religion, income, kinship, education, values, and beliefs. Chapter 7
contains more information about the Theory of Culture Care developed by
Leininger, so this section focuses on the qualitative method that she
developed to be consistent with ethnonursing. Multiple levels of factors
affect the culture and, consequently, the care expressions of the people. A
person who is a member of the only Vietnamese family in a small rural
community in Georgia may have different care practices than if he or she
were living in New York City in a predominantly Vietnamese community.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: Page 65
4. A researcher investigates the fact that women with chronic pain are more
apt to be treated for depression than are men with chronic pain. Which
qualitative strategy will most likely be used to study this topic? [Show Less]