Chapter 2: Evolution of Research in Building
Evidence-Based Nursing Practice
Chapter 2: Evolution of Research in Building Evidence-Based Nursing
... [Show More] Practice
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. In which way did Florence Nightingale contribute to evidence-based practice?
a.
She conducted research on outcomes and the power of
nursing for change.
b.
She was the first woman elected to the Royal Statistical
Society.
c.
She gathered data that changed the care of hospitalized
soldiers.
d. She calculated mortality rates under varying conditions.
ANS: C
Nightingale gathered data on soldier morbidity and mortality rates and the factors
influencing them and presented her results in tables and pie charts, a sophisticated
type of data presentation for the period. Nightingale’s research enabled her to instigate
attitudinal, organizational, and social changes. She changed the attitudes of the
military and society toward the care of the sick. The military began to view the sick as
having the right to adequate food, suitable quarters, and appropriate medical
treatment, which greatly reduced the mortality rate.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 17
2. If a nurse manager wants to study how well last year’s policies governing
implementation of a “bundle” of interventions to prevent cross-contamination of
MRSA have been working in her units, which of the following strategies would she
use?
a. Outcomes research
b. Intervention research
c. Ethnographic research
d. Experimental research
ANS: A
Outcomes research emerged as an important methodology for documenting the
effectiveness of health care services in the 1980s and 1990s. This type of research
evolved from the quality assessment and quality assurance functions that originated
with the professional standards review organizations (PSROs) in 1972. During the
1980s, William Roper, the director of the Health Care Finance Administration
(HCFA), promoted outcomes research for determining the quality and costeffectiveness of patient care. Intervention research investigates the effectiveness of a
nursing intervention in achieving the desired outcome or outcomes in a natural setting.
Through the use of ethnographic research, different cultures are described, compared,
and contrasted to add to our understanding of the impact of culture on human behavior
and health. Experimental studies have three main characteristics: (1) a controlled
manipulation of at least one treatment variable (independent variable), (2)
administration of the treatment to some of the subjects in the study (experimental
group) and not to others (control group), and (3) random selection of subjects or
random assignment of subjects to groups, or both. Experimental studies usually are
conducted in highly controlled settings, such as laboratories or research units in
clinical agencies.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: Page 22
3. A researcher publishes a paper describing how faith, pain, adherence to therapy, and
meditation interact during the rehabilitation process. The description of the process is
based on many interviews the researcher conducted with persons during and following
rehabilitation experiences. The methodology [Show Less]