Details of TEST BANK FOR Public Health Nursing Population Centered Health Care in the Community 10e StanhopeChapter 01: Public Health Foundations and
... [Show More] Population Health MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What is the primary focus to be addressed concerning the improvement of the health of the American people in the twenty-first century? a. Bioterrorism and global health threats b. Delivery of individual care and hygiene c. The need for increased hospital and acute care d. Chronic disease and disability management
ANS: A There are new concerns, and of the most serious are bioterrorism and globally induced infections, such as the avian flu. These threats will divert health care funds and resources from other health care programs to be spent for public safety. The others are not related to public health or are concerns that have been present for many years.
DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding TOP: Nursing process: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. A community is concerned about the threat of bioterrorism. Which of the following best describes the basis for this concern? a. Bioterrorism has the potential to dissolve community-based programs. b. This threat could cause the health care system to collapse. c. The threat may divert funds from other public safety health care programs. d. Fear of bioterrorism will increase the need for shelters.
ANS: C Bioterrorism may have an impact on the availability of resources for public safety health care programs. Because funds are diverted it is possible that community-based programs would be eliminated, the health care system could experience changes, and that there would be an increase in the need for shelter. However, all the remaining options would happen because of the diversion of funds.
DIF: Cognitive level: Analyzing TOP: Nursing process: Diagnosis MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
3. Which statement describes the consequence of the successful implementation of the Affordable Care Act?
a. Americans will pay closer attention to their health status. b. Most of the population will be covered by health insurance. c. Public health departments will need to increase the number of nursing positions. d. The prevalence of obesity will decrease.
ANS: B 1 | P a g eOne consequence of successful implementation of the Affordable Care Act might be that the
majority of the population would be covered by insurance and public health agencies will not
need to provide direct clinical services in order to assure that those who need them can receive
them. The Affordable Care Act will not directly cause Americans to pay closer attention to their
health status or decrease the prevalence of obesity.
DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding
Health Promotion and Maintenance
TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX:
4. The public health nurse (PHN) must participate in the essential services of public health.
What is one of the essential services of public health nursing?
a. Monitoring health status by completing a community assessment
b. Diagnosing and investigating health problems in the world
c. Informing, educating, and empowering people about health issues
d. Working in law enforcement to regulate health and ensure safety
ANS: C
The PHN monitors health status in several ways, completing a community assessment is only one
way that health status is monitored. The PHN would not diagnose or solve “world” problems, or
work in law enforcement. Rather, the PHN would participate with local regulators to protect
communities and empower people to address health issues.
DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding TOP: Nursing process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Health
Promotion and Maintenance
5. A public health department is using the mission of public health as described by the Institute of
Medicine when planning its health programming. Which of the following activities will most likely be
implemented?
a. Tracking avian flu outbreaks and doing surveillance in the United States
b. Providing a flu shot for an elderly person at the health department
c. Keeping track of alternative therapies in use in the United States
d. Keeping snake antivenom at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in
Atlanta
ANS: A
The Institute of Medicine’s stated mission on public health is “to generate organized community
and technical knowledge to prevent disease and promote health.” Tracking avian flu outbreaks
and doing surveillance applies this concept at a population level. Providing a flu shot for an elderly
person only addresses individual care. Keeping track of the use of alternative therapies does
nothing to prevent disease or promote health of the population. Keeping snake antivenom is
aimed at disease care for an individual, not health promotion or disease prevention.
DIF: Cognitive level: Analyzing TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Health
Promotion and Maintenance
6. A public health department makes sure that the essential community-oriented health services are
available in the community. Which of the following core public health functions is being implemented?
a. Policy developmentb. Assessment
c. Assurance
d. Scientific knowledge-based care
ANS: C
Assurance focuses on the responsibility of public health agencies to ensure certain activities have
been appropriately carried out to meet public health goals and plans. Policy development seeks to
build constituencies that can help bring about change in public policy. Assessment includes
activities that involve collecting, analyzing, and disseminating information on both the health
status and the health-related aspects of a community or a specific population. Public health is
based on scientific knowledge but is not a core function.
DIF: Cognitive level: Applying TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Health
Promotion and Maintenance
7. What is the purpose of public health core functions?
a. Clarifying the role of the government in fulfilling the mission of public health
b. Ensuring the safety of populations in receiving quality health care
c. Providing community-based individualized care to every person in the United
States
d. Uniting public and private providers of care in a comprehensive approach to providing health
care
ANS: A
As defined by the Institute of Medicine in its 1988 report The Future ofPublic Health, assessment,
policy development, and assurance are core functions at all levels of
government for the purpose of clarifying the government’s role.
DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding
TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC:
NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance
8. Which of the following statements about public health is accurate?
a. Prevention of early deaths can be more effectively accomplished by medical treatment than
by public health approaches.
b. Expenditures and resources for public health have increased in recent years.
c. Historically, gains in the health of populations have been related largely to changes in safety,
sanitation, and food safety.
d. Reform of the medical insurance system is the single change needed to improve the health
of Americans.
ANS: C
Fielding and Tilson have asserted that most of the increase in life span has been made through
improvements in sanitation, clean water supplies, making workplaces safer, improving food and
drug safety, immunizing children, and improving nutrition, hygiene, and housing. Medical
treatment has not made as significant of an impact on the life span as public health measures.
Funding for public health in recent years has been on a gradual decline. Although reform of the
3 | P a g emedical insurance system may help improve the health of Americans, there are many other factors
that will need to be addressed.
DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding
TOP: Nursing process: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
9. A public health nurse (PHN) collects data and monitors the health status of the population. Which of
the following core public health functions is the nurse addressing? a. Assessment
b. Prevention
c. Assurance
d. Policy development
ANS: A
Assessment consists of systematic data collection and monitoring health status.
Prevention is not a core function, assurance is making sure essential services are available, and
policy development is needed to provide leadership in developing policies.
DIF: Cognitive level: Applying TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Health
Promotion and Maintenance
10. The public health nurse (PHN) compares the rate of teenage pregnancy in various areas of the city.
Which of the core functions of public health is the nurse addressing? a. Assurance
b. Assessment
c. Prevention
d. Policy development
ANS: B
Assessment refers to systematic data collection, which this nurse is doing for teenage pregnancy.
Prevention is not a core function, assurance is making sure essential services are available, and
policy development is needed to provide leadership in developing policies.
DIF: Cognitive level: Applying TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Health
Promotion and Maintenance
11. A public health nurse (PHN) develops and implements local public health policies through
partnerships with agencies, organizations, and consumers within the community. Which of the
following core public health functions is the nurse addressing? a. Assessment
b. Prevention
c. Assurance
d. Policy development
ANS: D
Policy development deals with developing and implementing health policies. Prevention is not a
core function, assurance is making sure essential services are available, and assessment refers to
systematic data collection.DIF: Cognitive level: Applying TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Health
Promotion and Maintenance
12. A nurse provides for the availability of essential personal health services for people who would
otherwise not receive health care. Which of the public health core functions is the nurse addressing a.
Assessment
b. Prevention
c. Assurance
d. Policy development
ANS: C
Assurance deals with the availability of health services. Prevention is not a core function,
assessment refers to systematic data collection, and policy development refers to the need to
provide leadership in developing health policies.
DIF: Cognitive level: Applying TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Health
Promotion and Maintenance
13. The nurse manager makes sure that the staff members who work in a local clinic are competent in
their job responsibilities. Which of the public health core functions is being demonstrated? a.
Assurance
b. Assessment
c. Prevention
d. Policy development
ANS: A
Assurance refers to making sure a competent health care workforce is available. Prevention is not
a core function, assessment refers to systematic data collection, and policy development refers to
the need to provide leadership in developing health policies.
DIF: Cognitive level: Applying TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Health
Promotion and Maintenance
14. Which intervention is the nurse most likely to implement when addressing one of the primary goals
of public health?
a. Ensuring that a newly diagnosed 40-year-old hypertensive man takes his medication
b. Finding home care for a 70-year-old client recuperating from a hip replacement
c. Conducting an infant car seat safety check
d. Contacting a local hospice to admit a terminally ill 60-year-old woman
ANS: C
The correct answer is concerned with the health of many people, while the other answers address
individual interventions. According to the Core Functions Project, all levels of health care,
including population-based public health care, must be funded or the goal of health of populations
may never be reached.
5 | P a g eDIF: Cognitive level: Analyzing TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Safe and
Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
15. A community health nurse collects data about the number and proportion of persons aged 25 or
older with less than a high school education. Which term best describes this type of data? a.
Sociodemographic characteristics
b. Health status data
c. Health risk factors
d. Health care resource consumption information
ANS: A
The number and proportion of people is a sociodemographic characteristic. Health status includes
birth and death rates. Health risk factors discuss proportions of populations who have particular
health conditions or health risks. Health care resource consumption refers to spending on health
care per capita.
DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding
Health Promotion and Maintenance
TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX:
16. The public health nurse (PHN) analyzes data related to the number and type of United States
Environmental Protection Agency air quality standards that a community failed to meet.
This data is an example of using which community health profile indicator? a.
Sociodemographic characteristics
b. Health status
c. Health risk factor
d. Functional status
ANS: C
Health risk factors discuss proportions of populations who have particular health conditions or
health risks; breathing air of poor quality is a risk to health. The number and proportion of people
is a sociodemographic characteristic. Health status includes birth and death rates. Functional
status refers to reports of good health status by members of the population.
DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding
Health Promotion and Maintenance
TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX:
17. A nurse is implementing quality performance standards in a public health department. Which
statement best describes the importance of this action?
a. Quality performance standards are used to guide improvement in the public health system.
b. Quality performance standards rigidly control public health.
c. Quality performance standards guide administrators to monitor public health at the national
level.
d. Quality performance standards can be used as hiring guidelines for nurses.
ANS: AThese standards were developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1998. They
set the bar for the level of performance that is necessary to deliver essential public health services
(PHSs). These standards were developed around the 10 essential PHSs. They focus on the overall
public health system rather than on single organizations and describe an optimal level of
performance. They are intended to support a process of quality improvement. State and local
communities can assess their performance using certain available tools. They are not meant to
control public health or be used for hiring guidelines.
DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding TOP: Nursing process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Safe and
Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
18. To better address emerging public health issues, a public health nurse (PHN) plans to complete
continuing education in this area. Which content areas should be included in the course that is
chosen? a. Leadership
b. Ethics
c. Communication
d. Finance
ANS: B
Public health workers should be educated in eight content areas to be able to address emerging
public health issues and advances in science and policy: (1) informatics, (2) genomics, (3) cultural
competence, (4) community-based participatory research, (5) policy, (6) law, (7) global health, and
(8) ethics.
DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding
TOP: Nursing process: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Safe
and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
19. The public health workforce should demonstrate competency in which of the following competency
categories?
a. Financial planning and management
b. Workforce needs assessment
c. Acute care services
d. Curriculum development
ANS: A
Workforce needs assessment, acute care services, and curriculum developments are not
considered categories of core competencies of public health. Rather there are eight categories of
competency, which include: (1) analytic/assessment, (2) policy development/program planning,
(3) communication, (4) cultural competence, (5) community dimensions of practice, (6) basic
public health sciences, (7) financial planning and management, and (8) leadership and systems
thinking.
DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding
Health Promotion and Maintenance
TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX:
20. Why is public health nursing considered a nursing specialty?
a. It has a distinct focus and scope of practice.
b. It requires a master’s degree in nursing.
c. It is focused on disadvantaged citizens.
7 | P a g ed. It performs interventions at the acute care level.
ANS: A
Public health nursing has a distinct focus and requires a special knowledge base. The other
answers are not characteristics of a specialty.
DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding
TOP: Nursing process: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
21. The necessary basic preparation for public health nursing is what level of nursing education?
a. Associate degree
b. Baccalaureate degree
c. Master’s degree
d. Doctor of Nursing Practice
ANS: B
A Bachelor of Science in nursing (BSN) is the necessary basic preparation to function as a
beginning staff PHN. An Associate degree is not enough for basic preparation. A Master’s degree
or Doctor of Nursing Practice degree would be part of preparation for advanced practice.
DIF: Cognitive level: Remembering
Health Promotion and Maintenance
TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX:
22. A public health nurse (PHN) has been prepared at the graduate level. Which activity should the
practitioner be able to complete?
a. Teaching public and community health nursing
b. Assessing and intervening successfully at the aggregate level
c. Diagnosing and treating disease while having earned prescriptive authority
d. Running for political office as experts in public health policy
ANS: B
According to the Consensus Conference, specialists should have assessment skills that allow them
to intervene at the aggregate level. Public health practitioners have a broad range of practice areas
within public health and are not limited to only nursing and medicine.
DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding
TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Safe
and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
23. A public health nurse (PHN) provides clinic-based services for HIV-positive citizens in the community.
Which term best describe this activity? a. Primary prevention
b. Health education
c. Tertiary prevention
d. Policy making
ANS: CThis clinic is for clients who already have a disease process; therefore, it is tertiary prevention
(preventing deterioration in a patient, a relapse, or disability and dependency by anticipatory
nursing and medical care). Primary prevention is using general and specific measures in a
population to promote health and prevent the development of disease (incidence) and using
specific measures to prevent disease in those who are predisposed to developing a particular
condition. Health education would involve providing specific education to this population. Policy
making is formulating plans by an organization in order to make decisions.
DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding TOP: Nursing process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Health
Promotion and Maintenance
24. A nurse is working in the community with an aggregate/population. Who is the nurse most likely to
interact with?
a. Students in a county school system
b. Christians around the world
c. A patient in the intensive care unit at the local hospital
d. People who drink coffee
ANS: A
A population or aggregate is a collection of individuals who have one or more personal or
environmental characteristics in common. Members of a community who can be defined in terms
of geography or a special interest can be seen as constituting a population. The clients in the first
option share a geographical and special circumstance (school) characteristic. Christians around
the world are too large of a geographical space. A patient cannot be an aggregate/population as
there is no one to interact with. People who drink coffee share a common interest but may not
share a common geographical location to interact.
DIF: Cognitive level: Applying TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Health
Promotion and Maintenance
25. How is a population best defined?
a. High-risk group
b. Those interacting within a school or institutional setting
c. Collection of individuals who share at least one common characteristic
d. Geographical location within a community
ANS: C
A population or aggregate is a collection of individuals who have one or more personal or
environmental characteristics in common. High-risk groups, school or institutional setting, and
geographical location within the community all describe types of populations, not the definition of
population.
DIF: Cognitive level: Remembering
Health Promotion and Maintenance
TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX:
26. Population-focused practice concentrates on defining the problems or needs of and implementing
solutions for whom? a. Individuals
b. Aggregates
c. Communities
9 | P a g ed. Geographical regions
ANS: B
Aggregates are a defined population made up of individuals in communities of a specific
geographical region. Population-focused practice is implemented with defined populations or
subpopulations. This is larger than the scope of individual care but may not address the larger
needs of the entire community or geographical region.
DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding
Health Promotion and Maintenance
TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX:
27. A nurse is using a population focus when providing public health nursing care. Which statement best
describes the care that is being provided? a. Priority is given to the highest risk population.
b. Direct caregiving is limited to preventive measures, such as administration of immunizations.
c. Attention is given to the population or community, regardless of whether they do or do not
access the health care system.
d. Only populations outside institutional settings are considered.
ANS: C
PHNs are concerned with the health of the entire population. Priority is given to the entire
population, not just the group at highest risk or those outside of institutional settings. Direct
caregiving is not the focus of public health nursing care.
DIF: Cognitive level: Analyzing TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Health
Promotion and Maintenance
28. A nurse is working in a community health nursing practice setting. Which intervention is the nurse
most likely to implement?
a. Administering a flu shot to a client in a physician’s office
b. Conducting a flu shot clinic at a community center
c. Performing a client assessment in a hospital
d. Providing supervision of staff in a rehabilitation center
ANS: A
Community health nursing practice focuses on the health of individuals, families, and
groups and the effect of their health status on the health of the whole community.
Administering a flu shot to an individual is the only example that meets this criterion.
Performing a client assessment focuses only on individual care, not the community. Providing
supervision of staff does not focus on the community. Conducting a flu shot clinic at a community
center focuses on protecting the community as a whole and would be considered public health
nursing practice.
DIF: Cognitive level: Applying TOP: Nursing process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Health
Promotion and Maintenance
29. Which statement about community health nursing practice is correct?
a. It focuses on the delivery of personal health services to individuals and families.
b. It provides care to protect the health of the whole community.c. It emphasizes the setting where care is provided for clients and families.
d. It requires a baccalaureate preparation for practice.
ANS: A
Public health nursing provides care to protect the health of the community as a whole.
Community-based nursing practice emphasizes the setting where care is provided for clients and
families. It is generally assumed that a graduate of any baccalaureate program has the necessary
basic preparation to function as a beginning staff PHN; however, this is not a requirement for
public health nursing or community health nursing practices.
DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding
TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Safe
and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
30. A nurse is implementing community-based nursing care. Which intervention is the nurse most likely
to complete?
a. Assessing the health needs of a defined community
b. Providing care to families in a community
c. Promoting the health of an entire community
d. Investigating environmental health problems in a community
ANS: B
Community-based nursing practice is a setting-specific practice whereby care is provided for
families where they live, work, and attend school. The focus is on acute and chronic care and the
provision of services. Providing care to families is the only intervention that accurately describes
this definition. Assessing the health needs of a community, promoting the health needs of an
entire community, and investigating environmental health problems in a community would be
considered public health nursing practice.
DIF: Cognitive level: Applying TOP: Nursing process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Safe and
Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
31.
A nurse is conducting vision screenings on children in the school setting. Which type of
nursing practice is the nurse performing? a. Community-oriented
b. Public health
c. Community health
d. Community-based
ANS: D
Community-based nursing practice is a setting-specific practice whereby care is provided for
clients and families where they live, work, and attend school. Community-oriented nursing
emphasizes the prevention of disease and disability. Public health nursing focuses on the care
within the whole community. Community health nursing focuses on the health status of
individuals and the effect of their health status on the whole community.
DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding TOP: Nursing process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Health
Promotion and Maintenance
11 | P a g e32. The nurse is investigating environmental health problems caused by contaminated ground water.
Which type of nursing practice is being implemented? a. Community-oriented
b. Community-based
c. Policy development
d. Tertiary care
ANS: A
Community-oriented nursing emphasizes the prevention of disease and disability. Community-
based nursing practice is a setting-specific practice whereby care is provided for clients and
families where they live, work, and attend school. Policy development seeks to build
constituencies that can help bring about change in public policy. Tertiary care focuses on highly
specialized medical care.
DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding TOP: Nursing process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Health
Promotion and Maintenance
33. A public health staff nurse (PHN) who has a clear understanding of population-focused practice,
would most likely engage in what activity?
a. Volunteering for a local community action coalition
b. Performing interventions with individuals in the community
c. Improving the effectiveness of care provided
d. Considering earning a PHN certification
ANS: C
Public health staff nurses who have a clear understanding of population-focused care improve
their effectiveness and efficiency of practice; have professional satisfaction by seeing how
individual care contributes to health at the population level; and appreciate the practice of others
who are population-focused specialists. PHN specialists are prepared at the master’s level and
function in an administrative role.
DIF: Cognitive level: Applying
TOP: Nursing process: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance
34.
Public health nurse (PHNs) are looking to improve population-focused care in the
community. Which activity best describes a key opportunity for the nurses to accomplish this goal?
a. Assuming traditional nursing roles
b. Influencing public health policy
c. Conducting community assessments
d. Specializing in community-based nursing practice
ANS: B
PHNs must move into positions in which they can influence policy formation. They must assume
positions that are not traditionally considered nursing. Conducting community assessments is part
of public health nursing practice, not necessarily a key opportunity to improve practice.
Specializing in community-based nursing practice is setting-specific and does not relate to a key
opportunity to improve population-focused care.DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding TOP: Nursing process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Health
Promotion and Maintenance
35. A local senator has proposed changes to the health care delivery system in the United States.
Based on current trends, what is most likely to occur?
a. There will be new opportunities provided for public health specialists.
b. It will result in isolated care being provided to individuals.
c. There will be an increased emphasis in specialty care.
d. It will increase the utilization of acute care services.
ANS: A
Proposed changes in the health care delivery system will provide new opportunities for public
health specialists and result in the creation of new roles within the system. The proposed changes
will build an integrated system (not isolated), decrease emphasis on acute care services, and focus
on health promotion and disease prevention.
DIF: Cognitive level: Analyzing TOP: Nursing process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Safe and
Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
1. What are considered barriers to public health nursing? (Select all that apply.)
a. The mindset that the only role for the nurse is at the bedside.
b. The structures within which nurses work and the process of role socialization within those
structures.
c. Few nurses receive graduate-level preparation in the concepts and strategies of the disciplines
basic to public health.
d. The steady decline in the number of job opportunities in the area.
e. The inability to equally distribute the increasing funds.
ANS: A, B, C
Barriers exist in thinking that nurses only work in a hospital at the bedside, the process of role
socialization in public health which can be a very autonomous profession, and that few nurses
have had advanced education in public health. The number of job opportunities continues to
increase, but the amount of funding allotted to public health continues to decline.
DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding
TOP: Nursing process: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Chapter 02: History of Public Health and Public and Community Health Nursing
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. In the past, what term was used to identify population-centered nurses? a. District nurses
b. Almshouse nurses
c. Soldier nurses
d. Sisters
13 | P a g eANS: A
In the past, population-centered nurses have been called public health nurses (PHNs), district
nurses, visiting nurses, school nurses, occupational health nurses, and home health nurses. Many
women who performed nursing functions in almshouses and early hospitals in Great Britain were
poorly educated, untrained, and often undependable. The original soldier nurses worked with
Florence Nightingale at Scutari. Various groups of “sisters” have been used throughout history to
care for the poor.
DIF: Cognitive level: Remembering
TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Safe
and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
2. A nurse is working in a public health nursing setting. Which statement best describes why this
specialty is appealing to nurses?
a. Interactions with wealthy contributors to secure funding
b. Autonomy and independence of practice
c. Ability to locate the source of diseases and cure patients
d. Opportunities to meet a variety of people
ANS: B
Community health nurses have a long history of autonomous practice, problem solving, and
decision making. Community health care nurses engage in the other activities as well, but overall,
they have been best known for autonomy of practice.
DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding
TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Safe
and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
3. What are the newest threats to health in the United States that community health nurses deal with?
a. Diphtheria, cholera, and hepatitis
b. HIV, influenza, and bioterrorism
c. Avian flu, tuberculosis (TB), and radiation
d. Polluted water and air
ANS: B
The newest threats to health that PHNs are involved in are HIV, H1N1 influenza, and bioterrorism.
Hepatitis is also a current threat, but diphtheria and cholera are not concerns in the United States.
Avian flu may be a threat, but radiation and TB are ongoing.
Environmental pollution has been reduced; however, there are pollution issues that do raise
concerns.
DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding
TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Safe
and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
4. A nurse is working to reform a program that was based on the Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601. Which
of the following programs is the nurse most likely working on? a. Welfare
b. Food Stamps
c. Medicaidd. Medicare
ANS: C
The Poor Law guaranteed medical care for poor, blind, and “lame” individuals, making it most
similar to Medicaid since this program provides medical insurance to these types of individuals.
Welfare provides more than health care. Food stamps do not provide medical care. The Medicare
program provides medical care to the elderly population.
DIF: Cognitive level: Analyzing TOP: Nursing process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Safe and
Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
5. In early colonial North America, a colonist worked in the public health sector. Which activity would
have most likely been the focus?
a. Establishing schools of nursing
b. Developing vaccines to administer to large numbers of people
c. Collecting vital statistics and improving sanitation
d. Developing public housing and almshouses
ANS: C
The early colonial public health efforts included the collection of vital statistics, improvements to
sanitation systems, and control of communicable disease introduced through seaports.
Establishing schools of nursing, developing vaccines, and developing public housing are all events
that happened after the colonial period.
DIF: Cognitive level: Remembering
Health Promotion and Maintenance
TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX:
6. A nurse was employed by the Marine Hospital Service. Which of the following tasks would have most
likely been the responsibility of the nurse?
a. Setting policy on quarantine legislation for immigrants
b. Establishing hospital-based programs to care for the sick at home
c. Identifying and improving environmental conditions
d. Providing health care for merchant seamen
ANS: D
Providing health care to seamen was an early effort by the federal government to improve public
health. The purpose of the Marine Hospital Service was to secure its maritime trade and seacoast
cities. Marine Hospital Service nurses did not establish policies or hospital programs. They also
did not identify and improve environmental conditions as Florence Nightingale did. Their sole
purpose was to provide care for this population.
DIF: Cognitive level: Applying TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Health
Promotion and Maintenance
7. What was Florence Nightingale’s contributions to public health?
15 | P a g ea. Caring for the sick, poor, and neglected in institutions and at home b. Using a population-based approach that led to improved environmental conditions c. Writing the Elizabethan Poor Law to guarantee medical care for all d. Founding of the district nursing association to provide health care to needy people
ANS: B During the Crimean War, Nightingale progressively improved the soldiers’ health by adopting a population-based approach that used simple epidemiological measures and greatly decreased mortality. The focus of her care was on wounded soldiers, not those who were sick, poor, and neglected at homes and institutions. She did not write the Elizabethan Poor Law. William Rathbone founded the district nursing association.
DIF: Cognitive level: Remembering Health Promotion and Maintenance
TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX:
8. What was Lillian Wald’s major contribution to public health nursing? a. Founding the American Nurses Association b. Developing the New York Training Hospital for Nurses c. Creating the Public Health Service d. Establishing the Henry Street Settlement
ANS: D Lillian Wald established the Henry Street Settlement. Isabel Hampton Robb founded the American Nurses Association. Lillian Wald was a graduate of the New York Training Hospital for Nurses. The Public Health Service was established by the federal government.
DIF: Cognitive level: Remembering TOP: Nursing process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance
9. A nurse is providing public health education based on the teachings of Lillian Wald. Which of the following topics will the nurse most likely discuss? a. Taking and recording blood pressures accurately b. Safe and sanitary baby and child care c. Environmental pollutants and their effects on lung disease d. Time management: balancing factory work and the home
ANS: B Lillian Wald [Show Less]