Table of Contents What's New? About the Cover Image Copyright Contributors Reviewers Preface Organization and Content: What's New in the Eighth Edition
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[Show More] Features to Promote Learning Art Progra m Ancill aries Acknowledgments Introduction to Pathophysiology References Part One Central Concepts of Pathophysiology: Cells and Tissues Unit I The Cell Chapter 1 Cellular Biology Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Cellular Functions Structure and Function of Cellular Components Cell-to-Cell Adhesions Cellular Communication and Signal Transduction Cellular Metabolism Membrane Transport: Cellular Intake and Output Cellular Reproduction: the Cell Cycle Tissues Summary Review Key Terms References Chapter 2 Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology Cellular Adaptation Cellular Injury Manifestations of Cellular Injury Cellular Death Aging and Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology Somatic Death Summary Review Key Terms References Chapter 3 The Cellular Environment Distribution of Body Fluids Aging and Distribution of Body Fluids Alterations in Water Movement Sodium, Chloride, and Water Balance Alterations in Sodium, Water, and Chloride Balance Alterations in Potassium, Calcium, Phosphate, and Magnesium Balance Acid-Base Balance Summary Review Key Terms References Unit II Genes, Gene-Environment Interaction, and Epigenetics Chapter 4 Genes and Genetic Diseases DNA, RNA, and Proteins: Heredity at the Molecular Level Chromosomes Elements of Formal Genetics Transmission of Genetic Diseases Linkage Analysis and Gene Identification Summary Review Key Terms References Chapter 5 Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases Factors Influencing Incidence of Disease in Populations Principles of Multifactorial Inheritance Nature and Nurture: Disentangling the Effects of Genes and Environment Genetics of Common Diseases Summary Review Key Terms References Chapter 6 Epigenetics and Disease Overview of Epigenetic Mechanisms Epigenetics and Human Development Genomic Imprinting Epigenetics in Cognitive Development and Mental Health Exploring the Possible Multigenerational Persistence of Epigenetic States That Arise in Response to Environmental Factors Epigenetic Change Over the Life Span Molecular and Computational Tools for Exploring Epigenetic States Epigenetics and Cancer Emerging Strategies for the Treatment of Epigenetic Disease Future Directions Summary Review Key Terms References Unit III Mechanisms of Self-Defense Chapter 7 Innate Immunity Human Defense Mechanisms First Line of Defense: Physical, Mechanical, and Biochemical Barriers and Normal Microbiome Second Line of Defense: Inflammation Local Manifestations of Inflammation Systemic Manifestations of Acute Inflammation Chronic Inflammation Wound Healing Pediatrics: Innate Immunity in the Newborn Child Aging: Innate Immunity in the Older Adult Population Summary Review Key Terms References Chapter 8 Adaptive Immunity General Characteristics of Adaptive Immunity Recognition and Response Generation of Clonal Diversity Induction of an Immune Response: Clonal Selection Effector Mechanisms Fetal and Neonatal Immune Function Aging and Immune Function Summary Review Key Terms References Chapter 9 Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation Hypersensitivity: Allergy, Autoimmunity, and Alloimmunity References: Deficiencies in Immunity Summary Review Key Terms References Chapter 10 Infection Emerging Infections References Microorganisms and Humans: a Dynamic Relationship Microorganisms and Infections References References References References Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Countermeasures Against Pathogens References Summary Review Key Terms References Chapter 11 Stress and Disease Historical Background and General Concepts Concepts of Stress, Homeostasis, and Allostasis Stress Response Stress, Illness, and Coping Aging and Stress: Stress-Age Syndrome Summary Review Key Terms References Unit IV Cellular Proliferation: Cancer Chapter 12 Cancer Biology Cancer Characteristics and Terminology The Biology of Cancer Cells Clinical Manifestations of Cancer Diagnosis and Staging of Cancer Treatment of Cancer Targeted Disruption of Cancer Summary Review Key Terms References Chapter 13 Cancer Epidemiology Genetics, Epigenetics, and Tissue Incidence and Mortality Trends In Utero and Early Life Conditions Environmental-Lifestyle Factors Chemicals and Occupational Hazards as Carcinogens Summary Review Key Terms References Chapter 14 Cancer in Children Incidence and Types of Cancer Etiology Prognosis Summary Review Key Terms References Part Two Pathophysiologic Alterations: Organs and Systems Unit V Pathophysiologic Alterations: Organs and Systems Chapter 15 Structure and Function of the Neurologic System Overview and Organization of the Nervous System Cells of the Nervous System Nerve Impulse Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System Aging and the Nervous System Tests of Nervous System Structure and Function Summary Review Key Terms References Chapter 16 Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function Pain Pediatrics and Perception of Pain Aging and Perception of Pain Temperature Regulation Pediatrics and Temperature Regulation Aging and Temperature Regulation Sleep Pediatrics and Sleep Patterns Aging and Sleep Patterns Somatosensory Function and the Special Senses Aging and Vision Aging and Hearing Aging and Olfaction and Taste Summary Review Key Terms References Chapter 17 Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function Alterations in Cognitive Systems Alterations in Cerebral Hemodynamics Alterations in Neuromotor Function Summary Review Key Terms References Chapter 18 Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction Central Nervous System Disorders Peripheral Nervous System and Neuromuscular Junction Disorders Tumors of the Central Nervous System Summary Review Key Terms References Chapter 19 Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, Anxiety Disorders, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Schizophrenia Mood Disorders: Depression and Bipolar Disorder Anxiety Disorders Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Summary Review Key Terms References Chapter 20 Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children Development of the Nervous System in Children Structural Malformations Alterations in Function: Encephalopathies Cerebrovascular Disease in Children Epilepsy and Seizure Disorders in Children Childhood Tumors Summary Review Key Terms References Unit VI The Endocrine System Chapter 21 Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation Structure and Function of the Endocrine Glands Aging and the Endocrine System Summary Review Key Terms References Chapter 22 Alterations of Hormonal Regulation Mechanisms of Hormonal Alterations Alterations of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary System Alterations of Thyroid Function Alterations of Parathyroid Function Dysfunction of the Endocrine Pancreas: Diabetes Mellitus Alterations of Adrenal Function Summary Review Key Terms References Chapter 23 Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition Adipose Tissue Obesity Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge Eating Disorder Starvation Anorexia of Aging Summary Review Key Terms References Unit VII The Reproductive Systems Chapter 24 Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems Development of the Reproductive Systems The Female Reproductive System Structure and Function of the Breast The Male Reproductive System Tests of Reproductive Function Aging and Reproductive Function Summary Review Key Terms References Chapter 25 Alterations of the Female Reproductive System Abnormalities of Reproductive Tract Development Alterations of Sexual Maturation Disorders of the Female Reproductive System Disorders of the Female Breast Summary Review Key Terms References Chapter 26 Alterations of the Male Reproductive System Alterations of Sexual Maturation Disorders of the Male Reproductive System Disorders of the Male Breast Summary Review Key Terms References Chapter 27 Sexually Transmitted Infections Sexually Transmitted Urogenital Infections Sexually Transmitted Infections of Other Body Systems Summary Review Key Terms References Unit VIII The Hematologic System Chapter 28 Structure and Function of the Hematologic System Components of the Hematologic System Development of Blood Cells References Mechanisms of Hemostasis Clinical Evaluation of the Hematologic System Pediatrics and the Hematologic System Aging and the Hematologic System Summary Review Key Terms References Chapter 29 Alterations of Erythrocyte, Platelet, and Hemostatic Function Anemia Myeloproliferative Red Blood Cell Disorders Alterations of Platelets and Coagulation Summary Review Key Terms References Chapter 30 Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function Alterations of Leukocyte Function Alterations of Lymphoid Function Alterations of Splenic Function Summary Review Key Terms References Chapter 31 Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children Fetal and Neonatal Hematopoiesis Postnatal Changes in the Blood Disorders of Erythrocytes Disorders of Coagulation and Platelets Neoplastic Disorders Summary Review Key Terms References Unit IX The Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Chapter 32 Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Circulatory System The Heart The Systemic Circulation Lymphatic System Tests of Cardiovascular Function Aging and the Cardiovascular System Summary Review Key Terms References Chapter 33 Alterations of Cardiovascular Function Diseases of the Veins Diseases of the Arteries Disorders of the Heart Wall Manifestations of Heart Disease Summary Review Key Terms References Chapter 34 Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children Development of The Cardiovascular System Congenital Heart Defects Acquired Cardiovascular Disorders Summary Review Key Terms References Unit X The Pulmonary System Chapter 35 Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System Structures of the Pulmonary System References Functions of the Pulmonary System Tests of Pulmonary Function Aging and the Pulmonary System Summary Review Key Terms References Chapter 36 Alterations of Pulmonary Function Clinical Manifestations of Pulmonary Alterations Disorders of the Chest Wall and Pleura Pulmonary Disorders References Summary Review Key Terms References Chapter 37 Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children Structure and Function Disorders of the Upper Airways Disorders of the Lower Airways Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Summary Review Key Terms References Unit XI The Renal and Urologic Systems Chapter 38 Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems Structures of the Renal System Renal Blood Flow Kidney Function Tests of Renal Function Aging and Renal Function Summary Review Key Terms References Chapter 39 Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function Urinary Tract Obstruction Urinary Tract Infection Glomerular Disorders Acute Kidney Injury Chronic Kidney Disease Summary Review Key Terms References Chapter 40 Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children Structure and Function of the Urinary System in Children Alterations in Renal and Bladder Function in Children Summary Review Key Terms References Unit XII The Digestive System Chapter 41 Structure and Function of the Digestive System The Gastrointestinal Tract Accessory Organs of Digestion Tests of Digestive Function Aging and the Gastrointestinal System Summary Review Key Terms References Chapter 42 Alterations of Digestive Function Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders of the Accessory Organs of Digestion Cancer of the Digestive System Summary Review Key Terms References Chapter 43 Alterations of Digestive Function in Children Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders of the Liver Summary Review Key Terms References Unit XIII The Musculoskeletal System Chapter 44 Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System Structure and Function of Bones Structure and Function of Joints Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscles Tests of Musculoskeletal Function Aging and the Musculoskeletal System Summary Review Key Terms References Chapter 45 Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function Musculoskeletal Injuries Disorders of Bones Disorders of Joints References Disorders of Skeletal Muscle Summary Review Key Terms References Chapter 46 Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children Musculoskeletal Development in Children Musculoskeletal Alterations in Children Nonaccidental Trauma Summary Review Key Terms References Unit XIV The Integumentary System Chapter 47 Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument Structure and Function of the Skin Aging and Skin Integrity Disorders of the Skin Disorders of the Hair Disorders of the Nail Summary Review Key Terms References Chapter 48 Alterations of the Integument in Children Acne Vulgaris Dermatitis Infections of the Skin Insect Bites and Parasites Cutaneous Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformations Other Skin Disorders Summary Review Key Terms References Unit XV Multiple Interacting Systems Chapter 49 Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults Shock Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome Burns Summary Review Key Terms References Chapter 50 Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children Shock and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome Burns Summary Review Key Terms References [Show Less]