C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic
Streptococcus and subsequently developed apharyngeal infection. His
clinic examination reveals an oral
... [Show More] temperature of 102.3°F, skin rash,dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with
multiple pustules. He complains of sore throat, malaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for
Streptococcus, and antibiotics havebeen prescribed. The etiology of C.Q.’s disease is
a. a sore throat.
b. streptococcal infection.
c. genetic susceptibility.
d. pharyngitis.
ANS: B
Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process. A sore throat is the manifestation of
the disease process. Genetic susceptibility refers to inherited tendency to develop a disease. Pharyngitis refers to
inflammation of the throat and is also a clinical manifestation of the disease process.
2. A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causesmeningitis. This is an
example of
a. primary prevention.
b. secondary prevention.
c. tertiary prevention.
d. disease treatment.
ANS: A
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals, in
this case by providing vaccination. Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the
disease. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore
effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has developed.
3. An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and exerciseprogram. This is an
example of
a. primary prevention.
b. secondary prevention.
c. tertiary prevention.
d. disease treatment.
ANS: B
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease such asprescribing diet and
exercise for an individual who has already developed obesity. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering
susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive
care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the
disease once it has developed.
4. A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium intake. This is an
example of
a. primary prevention.
b. secondary prevention.
c. tertiary prevention.
d. disease treatment.
ANS: B
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease, such as by prescribing sodium
restriction for high blood pressure. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing
exposure for susceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to
alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has
developed.
5. After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-loweringmedication. This is an
example of
a. primary prevention.
b. secondary prevention.
c. tertiary prevention.
d. disease treatment.
ANS: C
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore
effective functioning such as prescribing a cholesterol-lowering medication following a heart attack. Primary
prevention is prevention of disease by alteringsusceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals.
Secondary prevention is theearly detection, screening, and management of the disease. Disease treatment involves
management of the disease once it has developed.
6. A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs ofthis disease. This stage of
illness is called the stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS: B
Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the firstappearance of signs and
symptoms. In infectious diseases, this period is often called the incubation (latent) period. Prodromal refers to the
appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a disease. These are often nonspecific, such as
headache, malaise, anorexia, and nausea, which are associated with a number of different diseases. Sequela refersto
subsequent pathologic condition resulting from a disease. Convalescence is the stage of recovery after a disease,
injury, or surgical operation.
7. A disease that is native to a particular region is called
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
ANS: B
A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic. An epidemic is a disease that spreads to many
individuals at the same time. Pandemics are epidemics that affect large geographic regions, perhaps spreading
worldwide. Ethnographic does not describe a disease distribution pattern. [Show Less]