Details of TEST BANK Cooper Foundations of Nursing, 8th Edition
Chapter 01: The Evolution of Nursing
Cooper: Foundations of Nursing, 8th
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MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What is a nursing program considered when certified by a state
agency?
a. Accredited
b. Approved
c. Provisional
d. Exemplified
ANS: B
Approved means certified by a state agency for having met minimum
standards; accredited means certified by the NLN for having met more
complex standards. Provisional and exemplified are not terms used in
regard to nursing program certification.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 10 OBJ: 5
TOP: Nursing programs KEY: Nursing Process
Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
2. Which of the following must the nurse recognize regarding the health
care delivery system?
a. It includes all states.
b. It affects the illness of patients.
c. Insurance companies are not involved.
d. The major goal is to achieve optimal
levels of health care.
ANS: D
The nurse must recognize that in the health care delivery system, the
major goal is to achieve optimal levels of health care. The health care
system consists of a network of agencies, facilities, and providers involved
with health care in a specified geographic area. Insurance companies
do have involvement in the health care system. The illness of
patients is not necessarily affected by the health care system.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 12 OBJ: 7
TOP: Health care systems KEY: Nursing Process
Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
3. What is required by the health care team to identify the needs of a patient
and to design care to meet those needs?
a. The Kardex
b. The health care provider’s order
sheet
c. An individualized care plan
d. The nurse’s notes
ANS: C
An individualized care plan involves all health care workers and outlines
care to meet the needs of the individual patient. The Kardex,
health care provider’s order sheet, and nurse’s notes do not identify
the needs of the patient nor are they designed to assist all members of
the health care team to meet those needs.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 13 OBJ: 8 | 9
TOP: Care plan KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning MSC:
NCLEX: N/A
4. Patient care emphasis on wellness, rather than illness, begins as a result
of:
a. increased education concerning
causes of illness.
b. improved insurance payments.
c. decentralized care centers.
d. increased number of health care
givers.
ANS: A
The acute awareness of preventive medicine has resulted in today’s
emphasis on education about issues such as smoking, heart disease,
drug and alcohol abuse, weight control, and mental health and wellness
promotion activities. This preventive education has resulted in an
emphasis on wellness, rather than illness. Improved insurance payments,
decentralized care centers, and increased numbers of health
care givers did not influence an emphasis on wellness.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 12 OBJ: 4 | 8
TOP: Wellness KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A
5. What is the most effective process to ensure that the care plan is
meeting the needs of the patient?
a. Documentation
b. Communication
c. Evaluation
d. Planning
ANS: B
Communication is the primary essential component among the health
care team to evaluate and modify the care plan. Documentation, evaluation,
and planning are not primary essential components to ensure
the care plan is meeting the needs of the patient.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 17 OBJ: 8
TOP: Communication KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
6. How does an interdisciplinary approach to patient treatment enhance
care?
a. By improving efficiency of care
b. By reducing the number of caregivers
c. By preventing the fragmentation
of patient care
d. By shortening hospital stay
ANS: C
An interdisciplinary approach prevents fragmentation of care. An interdisciplinary
approach does not improve the efficiency of care, reduce
the number of caregivers, or shorten hospital stay.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 16 OBJ: 8 | 9
TOP: Interdisciplinary approach KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
7. How may a newly licensed LPN/LVN practice?
a. Independently in a hospital setting
b. With an experienced LPN/LVN
c. Under the supervision of a health
care provider or RN
d. As a sole health care provider in
a clinic setting
ANS: C
An LPN/LVN practices under the supervision of a health care provider,
dentist, OD, or RN.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 11 OBJ: 11
TOP: Vocational nursing KEY: Nursing Process
Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
8. Whose influence on nursing practice in the 19th century was related to
improvement of patient environment as a method of health promotion?
a. Clara Barton
b. Linda Richards
c. Dorothea Dix
d. Florence Nightingale
ANS: D
The influence of Florence Nightingale was highly significant in the 19th
century as she fought for sanitary conditions, fresh air, and general improvement
in the patient environment. Clara Barton developed the
American Red Cross in 1881. Linda Richards is known as the first
trained nurse in America, was responsible for the development of the
first nursing and hospital records, and is credited with the development
of our present-day documentation system. Dorothea Dix was the pioneer
crusader for elevation of standards of care for the mentally ill and
superintendent of female nurses of the Union Army.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 17 OBJ: 2 | 4
TOP: Nursing leaders KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
9. What document identifies the roles and responsibilities of the LPN/LVN?
a. NLN Accreditation Standards
b. Nurse Practice Act
c. NAPNE Code
d. American Nurses’ Association
Code
ANS: B
The LPN/LVN functions under the Nurse Practice Act. NLN Accreditation
Standards, the NAPNE Code, and the American Nurses’ Association
Code do not identify the roles and responsibilities of the LPN/LVN.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 12 | 14 OBJ: 11
TOP: Roles and responsibilities KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
10. What is a cost-effective delivery of care used by many hospitals that allows
the LPN/LVN to work with the RN to meet the needs of patients?
a. Focused nursing
b. Team nursing
c. Case management
d. Primary nursing
ANS: C
Case management is a cost-effective method of care. Focused nursing,
team nursing, and primary nursing are not cost-effective methods of
delivering care that allow the LPN/LVN to work with the RN to meet patient
needs.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 15 OBJ: 7 | 9
TOP: Patient care delivery systemsKEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
11. What is the title of the American Hospital Association’s 1972 document
that outlines the patient’s expectations to be treated with dignity and
compassion?
a. Code of Ethics
b. Patient’s Bill of Rights
c. OBRA
d. Advance directives
ANS: B
Patient expectations are outlined by the Patient’s Bill of Rights. Patient
expectations are not outlined in the Code of Ethics, OBRA, or advance
directives.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 16 OBJ: 4 | 8
TOP: Patient’s rights KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
12. The relationships among nursing, patients, health, and the environment
are the basis for:
a. care plans.
b. nursing models.
c. health care provider’s orders.
d. evaluation of patient care.
ANS: B
Nursing models are theories based on the relationship between nursing,
patients, health, and environment. Care plans, health care
provider’s orders, and evaluation of patient care are not based on the
relationships among nursing, patients, health, and environment.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 17 OBJ: 1
TOP: Nursing models KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
13. What system reduces the number of employees but still provides quality
care for patients?
a. Team nursing
b. Cross-training
c. Use of critical pathways
d. Case management
ANS: B
Cross-training reduces the number of employees but does not alter the
quality of patient care. Team nursing, use of critical pathways, and
case management do not reduce the number of employees while continuing
to provide quality care for patients.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 15 OBJ: 8
TOP: Patient care KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC:
NCLEX: N/A
14. What is the purpose of licensing laws for LPN/LVNs?
a. To limit the number of LPN/LVNs
b. Prevention of malpractice
c. Protection of the public from unqualified
people
d. To increase revenue for the state
board of nursing
ANS: C
The purpose of licensing laws for LPN/LVNs is to protect the public from
unqualified health care providers. Licensing laws’ purpose is not to
limit the number of LPNs/LVNs, prevent malpractice, or increase revenue
for the state board of nursing.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 11 OBJ: 4 | 9 |
10
TOP: Licensure KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A
15. What premise is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs based on?
a. All needs are equally important.
b. Basic needs must be met before
the next level of needs can be
met.
c. Self-actualization is a primary
need.
d. Individuals prioritize needs the
same way.
ANS: B
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is based on the premise that basic needs
must be met first. It is not based on all needs being equally important
or that individuals prioritize needs the same way. Self-actualization is
not a primary need according to Maslow.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 12 | 13 OBJ:
8
TOP: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
16. What must the nurse realize when assessing physical and social environmental
factors affecting health and illness?
a. They affect one another.
b. They cause illness.
c. They cause patients to react similarly.
d. They can be separated.
ANS: A
Physical and social factors affect each other, cannot be separated, and
cause each patient to react in a unique manner. They do not necessarily
cause illness or cause patients to react similarly, and they cannot be
separated.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 14 OBJ: 4 | 8
TOP: Environmental factors
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance
17. What organization, established during World War II, provided nursing
education and training?
a. Nightingale school
b. Cadet Nurse Corps
c. Public health department
d. Frontier Nursing Service
ANS: B
The Cadet Nurse Corps was established during World War II to provide
nursing education and training. The Nightingale school, public health
department, and Frontier Nursing Service are not organizations established
during World War II to provide nursing education and training.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 5 OBJ: 1 | 4
TOP: Nursing education KEY: Nursing Process
Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
18. What is a modern educational advancement program for the LPN/LVN
to enter RN education?
a. Repetition
b. Exclusion
c. Articulation
d. Coexistence
ANS: C
Most states have some type of articulation program in which the
LPN/LVN can achieve advanced standing in an RN program without
having to enroll in the entire curriculum. Repetition, exclusion, and coexistence
do not refer to educational advancement.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 10 OBJ: 1 | 9
TOP: Nursing education KEY: Nursing Process
Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
19. Where did Florence Nightingale’s original nursing education take
place?
a. Saint Thomas
b. Kings College Hospital
c. Crimean Hospital
d. Kaiserswerth School
ANS: D
Florence Nightingale trained at Kaiserswerth School. Florence Nightingale’s
original training was not at Saint Thomas, Kings College Hospital,
or Crimean Hospital.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 2 OBJ: 2
TOP: Nursing programs KEY: Nursing Process
Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
20. What system of comprehensive patient care considers the physical,
emotional, and social environment and spiritual needs of a person?
a. Interdependent care
b. Holistic health care
c. Illness prevention care
d. Health promotion care
ANS: B
Holistic health care encompasses the physical, emotional, social, and
spiritual aspects of the patient.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 12 OBJ: 8
TOP: Health careKEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A
21. What official agency exists exclusively for LPN/LVN membership and
promotes standards for the LPN/LVN?
a. NFLPN
b. ANA
c. NLN
d. NAPNES
ANS: A
The NFLPN exists solely for the LPN/LVN. The other options have membership
that includes RNs and the lay public.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 10 OBJ: 5 | 6 | 9
TOP: Nursing organizations KEY: Nursing Process
Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
22. What score does the graduate practical nurse require to be issued a license
upon completion of the computerized examination?
a. 70% or better
b. This is defined and set by each
state
c. Designated as “pass”
d. Within the 75th percentile
ANS: C
Currently graduates of an approved vocational school are eligible to
take the licensing examination and be awarded a license with a score
of “pass” that is recognized by all states.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 12 OBJ: 3
TOP: Licensure examination KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
23. What document, published in 1965 by the ANA, clearly defined two levels
of nursing practice?
a. Licensing standards
b. Position paper
c. Smith-Hughes Act
d. Nurse practice act
ANS: B
The ANA’s position paper of 1965 defined two levels of nursing: registered
nurse and technical nurse. Licensing standards, the Smith-
Hughes Act, and the nurse practice act were not documents defining
two levels of nursing practice published in 1965.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 11 OBJ: 3 | 4 | 9
TOP: Position paper KEY: Nursing Process
Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
24. What is the wellness/illness continuum defined as?
a. A concept that never changes
b. The range of a person’s total
health
c. A continuum influenced only by
one’s physical condition
d. An idea that focuses strictly on
an individual’s social well-being
ANS: B
The wellness/illness continuum is defined as the range of a person’s total
health. This continuum is ever changing, and it is influenced by the
individual’s physical condition, mental condition, and social well-being.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 12 OBJ: 8
TOP: Wellness/illness continuum KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
25. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, what is an individual’s most
basic need?
a. Safety and security
b. Love/belongingness
c. Physiologic
d. Self-actualization
e. Esteem
ANS: C
Abraham Maslow believed that an individual’s behavior is formed by
the individual’s attempts to meet essential human needs, which he
identified as physiologic, safety and security, love and belongingness,
and esteem and self-actualization.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 12 | 13 OBJ:
8
TOP: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
1. Florence Nightingale established a nursing school at Saint Thomas Hospital
in London. What was it characterized by? (Select all that apply.)
a. Allowing all applicants who applied
to be enrolled
b. Offering formal and practical educational
experiences
c. Keeping records of students’
progress
d. Focusing on sanitation and hygiene
e. Retaining a registry of all graduates
ANS: B, C, D, E
The nursing school established by Florence Nightingale rigorously
screened its applicants. The curriculum, which included both formal education
and practical experiences, was focused on hygiene and sanitation.
The school kept records of the students’ progress during their
school years, and also kept a registry of the graduates.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 3 OBJ: 1 | 2
TOP: School established by Florence Nightingale
KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A
COMPLETION
1. Primitive medical interventions were based on the belief that illness
was caused by the presence of _______________ spirits.
ANS:
evil
Illness was thought to be caused by the inhabitation of the body by evil
spirits. Medical interventions were designed to drive out the evil spirits
by introducing good spirits.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 1 OBJ: 1
TOP: Primitive health care KEY: Nursing Process
Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
2. During early civilization _____________ men performed witchcraft and rituals
to induce the bad spirits to leave the body of the ailing person.
ANS:
medicine
Medicine men performed witchcraft and rituals to induce the bad spirits
to leave the body of the ailing person during early civilization.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 2 OBJ: 1
TOP: Primitive health care KEY: Nursing Process
Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
3. The National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) performs a
job analysis every ________ years to determine the scope of practice of
LPN/LVNs.
ANS:
3
three
The National Council of State Boards of Nursing performs a job analysis
every 3 years to measure the scope of practice for LPN/LVNs.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 18 OBJ: 6 | 9
TOP: National Council analysis KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
4. Graduates of the first school for training the practical nurse were referred
to as ___________ nurses.
ANS:
attendant
The first school for training the practical nurse started in Brooklyn, New
York, in 1892 and was conducted under the auspices of the Young
Women’s Christian Association (YWCA). The Ballard School, as it was
known, was approximately 3 months in duration and trained its students
to care for the chronically ill, invalids, children, and the elderly.
The main emphasis was on home care and included cooking, nutrition,
basic science, and basic procedures. Graduates of this program were
referred to as attendant nurses.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 9 OBJ: 1
TOP: Attendant nurses KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
5. In 1949, the National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses (NFLPN)
was founded by Lillian _____________.
ANS:
Kuster
In 1949, the National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses (NFLPN)
was founded by Lillian Kuster. This association is the official membership
organization for licensed practical nurses/licensed vocational
nurses (LPN/LVNs), and membership is limited to LPNs and LVNs.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 10 OBJ: 2
TOP: National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses
KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A
Chapter 02: Legal and Ethical Aspects of Nursing
Cooper: Foundations of Nursing, 8th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. When a nurse becomes involved in a legal action, the first step to occur
is that a document is filed in an appropriate court. What is this document
called?
a. Deposition
b. Appeal
c. Complaint
d. Summons
ANS: C
A document called a complaint is filed in an appropriate court as the
first step in litigation. A deposition is when witnesses are required to
undergo questioning by the attorneys. An appeal is a request for a review
of a decision by a higher court. A summons is a court order that
notifies the defendant of the legal action.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 24 OBJ: 1
TOP: Legal KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A
2. The nurse caring for a patient in the acute care setting assumes responsibility
for a patient’s care. What is this legally binding situation?
a. Nurse-patient relationship
b. Accountability
c. Advocacy
d. Standard of care
ANS: A
When the nurse assumes responsibility for a patient’s care, the nursepatient
relationship is formed. This is a legally binding “contract” for
which the nurse must take responsibility. Accountability is being responsible
for one’s own actions. An advocate is one who defends or
pleads a cause or issue on behalf of another. Standards of care define
acts whose performance is required, permitted, or prohibited.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 24 OBJ: 3
TOP: Legal KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A
3. What are the universal guidelines that define appropriate measures for
all nursing interventions?
a. Scope of practice
b. Advocacy
c. Standard of care
d. Prudent practice
ANS: C
Standards of care define actions that are permitted or prohibited in
most nursing interventions. These standards are accepted as legal
guidelines for appropriateness of performance. The laws that formally
define and limit the scope of nursing practice are called nurse practice
acts. An advocate is one who defends or pleads a cause or issue on behalf
of another. Prudent is a term that refers to careful and/or wise
practice.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 22 OBJ: 4
TOP: Legal KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A
4. An LPN/LVN is asked by the RN to administer an IV chemotherapeutic
agent to a patient in the acute care setting. What law should this nurse
refer to before initiating this intervention?
a. Standards of care
b. Regulation of practice
c. American Nurses’ Association
Code
d. Nurse practice act
ANS: D
It is the nurse’s responsibility to know the nurse practice act in his or
her state. Standards of care, regulation of practice, and the American
Nurses’ code are not laws that the nurse should refer to before initiating
this treatment.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 26 OBJ: 5
TOP: Legal KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A
5. A nurse fails to irrigate a feeding tube as ordered, resulting in harm to
the patient. This nurse could be found guilty of:
a. malpractice.
b. harm to the patient.
c. negligence.
d. failure to follow the nurse practice
act.
ANS: A
The nurse can be held liable for malpractice for acts of omission. Failure
to meet a legal duty, thus causing harm to another, is malpractice.
The nurse practice act has general guidelines that can support the
charge of malpractice.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 24 OBJ: 2
TOP: Legal KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A
6. Patients have expectations regarding the health care services they receive.
To protect these expectations, which of the following has become
law?
a. American Hospital Association’s
Patient’s Bill of Rights
b. Self-Determination Act
c. American Hospital Association’s
Standards of Care
d. The Joint Commission’s rights
and responsibilities of patients
ANS: A
Patients have expectations regarding the health care services they receive.
In 1972, the American Hospital Association (AHA) developed the
Patient’s Bill of Rights. The Self-Determination Act, American Hospital
Association’s Standards of Care, and The Joint Commission’s rights and
responsibilities do not address patients’ expectations regarding health
care.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 27 OBJ: 3 | 4
TOP: Legal KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A
7. The nurse is preparing the patient for a thoracentesis. What must be
completed before the procedure may be performed?
a. Physical assessment
b. Interview
c. Informed consent [Show Less]