Details of TEST BANK CHERRY & JACOB CONTEMPORARY NURSING; Issues, Trends, and Management 7TH EDITIONChapter 01: The Evolution of Professional Nursing
... [Show More] MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Clara Barton is known for: a. becoming the first black public health nurse. b. establishing the Henry Street Settlement. c. founding the American Red Cross. d. publicizing the inadequacies of hospital-based nursing schools.
ANS: C The American Red Cross, founded by Clara Barton in 1882, assisted in efforts to continue public health nursing.
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 11
2. Students are assigned to write to their state leaders about an issue affecting their community. One student writes about the need among rural community for greater access to acute care services. Which of the following pieces of legislation should the student use as a reference? a. Social Security Act b. Hill-Burton Act c. Sheppard-Towner Act d. U.S. Civil Service Act
ANS: B The purpose of the Hill-Burton Act was to provide funding to construct hospitals and to help states in plan for other health care facilities in accordance with the needs of communities.
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 13
3. The practice of public health nursing and the Henry Street Settlement are credited to: a. Mary Breckenridge. b. Mary Seacole. c. Clara Barton. d. Lillian Wald.
ANS: D Lillian Wald, a pioneer in public health nursing, is best known for the development and establishment of the Henry Street Settlement.
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 6
4. Occupational health nursing features beliefs similar to those of which early nursing pioneer? a. Lillian Wald b. Florence Nightingale c. Clara Barton d. Mary Seacole
ANS: A 1 | P a g eLillian Wald developed the first nursing service for occupational health.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 10
5. What historical event first led to the recognition of the contribution of blacks to nursing?
a. Florence Nightingale’s acceptance of black nurses into the first nursing school
b. The contributions of black nurses at the Pennsylvania Hospital, the first
hospital in America
c. Mary Seacole’s efforts to care for soldiers during the Crimean War
d. The work done by wives of wealthy black nobles who carried food and
medicine from house to house during the Middle Ages
ANS: C
Although Nightingale’s school refused Seacole, she was able to make a difference
in the Crimean War and later was recognized for her efforts.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: pp. 8-9
6. World War I contributed to the advancement of health care by:
a. increasing the number of private care hospitals and decreasing the role of
public health services.
b. employing a large number of civilians to provide care to returning soldiers
through the Red Cross.
c. introducing specialists in nursing such as nurse anesthetists.
d. increasing the number of community health nurses.
ANS: C
World War I offered nurses a chance to enter into new fields of specialization, as is
seen in the example of nurse anesthetists, who became part of surgical teams at the
front lines.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 11
7. The primary purpose of the Social Security Act of 1935 was to:
a. increase research that focused on minority groups.
b. provide medical care for chemically impaired persons.
c. ensure health care for older adults through a national insurance system.
d. decrease the public’s financial burden by limiting services offered by local
health departments.
ANS: C
By providing health insurance for older adults, the Social Security Act of 1935 set
the precedent for the passage of the Medicare and Medicaid Acts that followed in
1965, but the act also provided maternal and child welfare services, rehabilitation
for the mentally and physically challenged, medical care for blind individuals and
crippled children, and unemployment benefits.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 12
8. A client asks the nurse, “Can you explain Medicare, an amendment to the Social
Security Act?” The nurse responds that Medicare:
a. led to many hospital closings, along with a decrease in acute care
2 | P a g ehospital–based nursing care.
b. provided medical insurance to those younger adults or children who
were not eligible for private insurance because of catastrophic illnesses
such as cancer.
c. provided preventive care for women, infants, and children.
d. ensured that individuals ages 65 and older and those with end-stage renal
disease or permanent disabilities had health care insurance.
ANS: D
The Medicare program provides hospital insurance, Part A, and medical insurance,
Part B, to all people ages 65 and older who are eligible to receive Social Security
benefits; people with total, permanent disabilities; and people with end-stage renal
disease.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 14
9. A comparison of nursing in the 1980s to nursing in the 1990s reveals that:
a. in the 1990s nursing experienced a significant reduction occurred in
preventable diseases caused by unsafe/unhealthy lifestyles.
b. tuberculosis was the primary concern for nursing in the 1980s, whereas
the AIDS epidemic emerged and was its focus during the 1990s.
c. a decrease in ambulatory services in the 1980s prompted an increase
in public health nurses in the 1990s.
d. the demand for advanced practice nurses increased in the 1980s and the
1990s as a result of the economy and concern about the health of the nation.
ANS: D
The numbers of advanced nurse practitioners increased as evidence of their cost-
effectiveness as providers of primary and preventive health care became established.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: pp. 16-17
10. Which statement accurately describes the historical perspective of nursing practice?
a. Nursing has existed to meet the needs of populations, individuals, and
aggregates by providing care that is determined by the needs and beliefs of
society in different historical contexts.
b. As men began to become interested in nursing, it changed into a
respected profession based on scientific fact rather than
superstition.
c. Nursing has historically accepted individuals from all social and
ethnic backgrounds.
d. The United States has led the way throughout history to advance
nursing and health care by providing the first hospital and medical
school.
ANS: A
Nursing has existed since biblical times to address needs ranging from contagious
diseases in early times to health prevention in the present time, with care based on
health needs and beliefs of the time.
DIF: Comprehension
3 | P a g e
REF: p. 3 |pp. 18-1911. The use of herbs has become a popular alternative to prescription drugs in today’s
health care milieu. During which other historical periods did health practices focus on
the use of herbs?
a. Prehistoric times and the Middle Ages
b. Civil War period and World War I
c. Renaissance and Reformation periods and the Colonial American period
d. Crimean War and Civil War periods
ANS: A
During prehistoric times, tribes used herbs to rid themselves of disease; in the
Middle Ages, women used herbs.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 6
12. A care provider sacrifices an animal and waves an herb-filled sack over a client who
is complaining of painful joints and chest pain with exertion. This ritual represents
health care during:
a. the prehistoric period.
b. early civilization in Egypt.
c. the Renaissance.
d. the Middle Ages.
ANS: A
During prehistoric times, illness was thought to be caused by evil spirits that
providers attempted to scare away through rituals and dances.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 3
13. A prospective nursing student who researches universities that offer a baccalaureate
degree in nursing would want to ensure that the program is accredited by the:
a. American Nurses Association.
b. Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education.
c. National Institutes of Health.
d. National Nursing Council.
ANS: B
The Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) is the agency that
exclusively accredits baccalaureate and graduate-degree nursing programs.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 4, Box 1-1
14. Nursing in the 1990s was characterized by:
a. men leaving nursing to enter the armed services.
b. traditional 8-hour shifts to nurse burnout and compassion fatigue.
c. a focus on preventable diseases.
d. a decrease in nursing research.
ANS: C
Health promotion and disease prevention were recognized as the means to reduce
the high number of mortalities associated with preventable diseases—Healthy
People 2000 was published as a nationwide effort to reduce preventable deaths.
DIF: Comprehension
4 | P a g e
REF: pp. 16-1715. A nurse is part of the policy committee for a hospital. The committee is provided with
statistics indicating that patients participating in a satisfaction survey felt they lacked
sufficient information about new drugs started while hospitalized and continued after
discharge. In addition, charts noted high recidivism rates. The committee
recommended that a formalized patient education plan be instituted to reconcile all
medications and provide patient information about new medications. The committee is
using which component of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) 2011 message?
a. Nurses should achieve higher levels of education to be effective members
of an interdisciplinary team.
b. Nurses should have a minimum of a master’s degree to sit on policy
committees that affect an entire facility.
c. Pay for nurses should be consistent with that of physicians since the
committee is interdisciplinary.
d. Policy is based on data, which provides the groundwork for decision making.
ANS: D
The IOM report initiatives include effective workforce planning and policymaking
based on better data collection and improved infrastructure.
DIF: Application REF: p. 16| p. 18
16. The Affordable Care Act of 2011:
a. requires that by 2020 all newly licensed nurses have a bachelor’s
degree at minimum.
b. would provide health care benefits to millions who were previously
uninsurable or unable to afford insurance.
c. caps the amount that hospitals and physicians can charge for procedures.
d. subsidizes private insurance companies, thereby reducing health care
costs for individuals who have chronic or catastrophic illness such as
cancer.
ANS: B
It is anticipated that the ACA (2011) will make insurance coverage possible for
millions who have previously not had insurance or had been denied insurance.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: pp. 18-19
17. It has been said that “history repeats itself because no one was listening the first
time.” Which statement is true when comparing the nursing care provided in the Civil
War (1861 to 1865) to that provided during the Crimean War?
a. Epidemics such as smallpox and typhoid were the primary emphasis of
nursing care in both wars.
b. Soldiers were housed in substandard conditions, but due to Nightingale’s
push for sanitary conditions, in the Civil War soldiers were housed in
aseptic conditions.
c. Black nurses were widely accepted by society and the profession, receiving
equal compensation during the Civil War due in large part to the efforts of
Mary Seacole during the Crimean War.
d. Both Nightingale (Crimean War) and Dix (Civil War) completed nursing
training before accepting positions as nurses in the wars.
5 | P a g eANS: A
Numerous epidemics plagued the country, including syphilis, gonorrhea, malaria,
smallpox, and typhoid.
DIF: Application REF: p. 9
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
1. What uniquely twenty-first century issue challenges today’s professional nurse. (select
all that apply)
a. Caring for an aging population
b. Increased patient acuity
c. Access to health care services
d. Expanding technology
e. Increasing intercultural patient population
ANS: A, B, D, E
Professional nurses in the twenty-first century are faced with many challenges
including an aging patient population. Professional nurses in the twenty-first century
are faced with many challenges including an increase in high acuity patients.
Professional nurses in the twenty-first century are faced with many challenges
including an ever expanding array of technologies that affect patient care. Professional
nurses in the twenty-first century are faced with many challenges including the
existence of an intercultural patient population.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 18
2. A newly licensed nurse compares the challenges facing nursing today with those faced
by nurses when her mentor graduated in 1990. The mentor states, “Prevention was
the focus of nursing when I graduated. We stressed preventive health measures such
as smoking cessation education to reduce preventable diseases and prevention to
reduce the spread of infectious disease such as AIDS.” The mentor asks, “What do you
think the challenges will be for nurses graduating now? The correct response would be:
(select all that apply)
a. coordinating care for a more diverse aging population who have complex
health values.
b. managing care provided by nurses who are technologically advanced and
skilled at interprofessional collaboration.
c. providing care to well-informed consumers who are younger with narrow
health values.
d. redesigning nursing care delivery models to streamline care based on
fewer generational differences.
e. focusing on care from a systems perspective.
ANS: A, B, E
Our society, thus our patients/consumers, is aging and better informed about health
care options, with health values as diverse as the various populations of patients
served. Nurses educated in the twenty-first century are introduced to advanced
technologies throughout the curriculum, but a gap still exists between the potential
benefits of technology and the use made of it to reduce errors and improve patient
care; interprofessional collaboration is a challenge with incivility and workplace
6 | P a g eviolence increasing. Today’s nurses must view health care from a systems perspective
rather than a nursing unit perspective to decrease errors/costs that arise from system
errors.
DIF: Analysis
REF: pp. 18-19
3. A nurse who has practiced for 1 year on a medical-surgical unit is very interested in a
position in the operating room. She traces the nursing history of surgery to learn how
nursing has evolved in this practice. To determine if, historically, surgery methods
advanced the practice of nursing, select the correct statements. (select all that apply)
a. The Ancient Egyptians were the first to use anesthesia in the operating room.
b. The “Barbers” of the Middle Ages used sterile techniques to reduce
wound infections.
c. The Indian culture from 274 to 236 BC had hospitals staffed with female
nurses who practiced much like today’s nurses.
d. During the Renaissance, advances in nursing education, including surgery,
were nonexistent.
e. Following World War II, nurses practiced in mobile army surgical hospitals,
where medical and surgical techniques were further refined.
ANS: D, E
During the Renaissance, major advancements were made in pharmacology, chemistry,
and medical knowledge, including anatomy, physiology, and surgery with new
emphasis given to medical education, but nursing education was practically
nonexistent. Following World War II, nurses volunteered for the Korean War, where
care was provided in MASH units and surgical techniques were defined.
DIF: Application REF: p. 7 |pp. 13-15
COMPLETION
1. Which group in early civilization
is credited with developing a
pharmacopoeia to classify more than 700 drugs used in caring for the sick?
ANS:
Egyptians
A pharmacopoeia that classified more than 700 drugs was written by the Egyptians to
assist in the care and management of disease.
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 3
Chapter 02: The Contemporary Image of Professional Nursing
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which item below correctly describes the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
predictions by 2020?
a. Positions that historically required registered nurses will be filled by
unlicensed personnel.
b. The job growth rate for RNs will surpass job growth in all other occupations.
c. The need for hospital nurses will dramatically decrease.
d. Hospitals will finally achieve the required RN workforce.
7 | P a g eANS: B
With an employment rate expected to increase by more than 19%, job production for
nurses is projected to grow faster than the average of all occupations (11%) until
2020.
DIF: Knowledge REF: pp. 23-24
2. What effect did the movie One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest have on health care?
a. Funding for mental health care increased, allowing the point of care to
change from the community to standardized institutional care.
b. The public and the nursing profession were made aware of the rights of
vulnerable populations.
c. Nurses were seen as advocates for individuals who cannot
advocate for themselves.
d. Funding for nursing traineeships was eliminated.
ANS: B
One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest reminded us that all individuals have rights and that it
is the responsibility of the public and health care professionals to ensure that these
rights are protected.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 26
3. Which nurse died after deliberately acquiring two bites from yellow fever carrier
mosquitoes to enable her to provide care to soldiers with yellow fever during the
Spanish-American War?
a. Florence Nightingale
b. Margaret Hoolihan
c. Clara Maas
d. Sairy Gamp
ANS: C
Clara Maas is noted as the nurse who deliberately acquired two bites from yellow fever
carrier mosquitoes to enable her to provide care to soldiers with yellow fever.
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 26
4. A bronze statue of a nurse in battle fatigues who is obviously exhausted but
demonstrates caring by holding a soldier’s head is an artistic representation of
nurses who served in which war?
a. World War I
b. World War II
c. Spanish-American War
d. Vietnam War
ANS: D
This statue represents the caring provided by nurses during the Vietnam War.
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 27
5. What was the purpose of the Nurse Reinvestment Act of 2002?
a. Provided disability insurance to RNs who contract a life-threatening illness
while on duty
8 | P a g eb. Funded public service announcements that promote unlicensed
caregivers as an alternative to professional nurses
c. Focused on nurse retention and safety enhancement grants to address the
current nursing shortage
d. Provided pediatric nursing training grants
ANS: C
This act provided nursing scholarships, public service announcements promoting
nursing as a career, faculty loan cancellation programs, geriatric training grants, and
nurse retention and safety enhancement grants.
DIF: Knowledge REF: pp. 23-24
6. What is the best way for the individual nurse to maintain the most effective
professional image?
a. Change out of their work attire before running errands.
b. Renew membership in a nursing organization.
c. Earning an advanced nursing degree.
d. Developing effective nurse-physician relationships.
ANS: B
Professional nurses recognize that their greatest benefit—and one of the most efficient
and powerful uses for their money—is less than 1% of their salary they spend for
membership in the ANA, the National League for Nursing, Sigma Theta Tau
International, and their specialty organization. They look forward to annual meetings
because such meetings provide an excellent opportunity to meet colleagues and
discuss issues and practice innovations.
DIF: Application REF: pp. 33-34
7. Charles Dickens’ character Sairy Gamp:
a. portrayed nurses as trained professional individuals who put others
before themselves.
b. chose nursing because she had no other avenue for employment.
c. was a prostitute who took advantage of sick old men.
d. characterized nurses as being at the forefront of technology and autonomy.
ANS: B
Sairy Gamp endured nursing because of the lack of other opportunities.
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 25
8. What does the Spirit of Nursing statue honor?
a. Florence Nightingale’s accomplishments in public health
b. Edith Cavell’s attempt to help the victims of the Tuskegee
experiment seek treatment
c. Clara Maas, who found the cure for yellow fever during WWII
d. All military nurses for their bravery and compassion
ANS: D
The statue the Spirit of Nursing was created to honor all military nurses.
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 25
9 | P a g e9. Although the media portrayed nursing in a negative light in M*A*S*H through the
character of a promiscuous, uncaring nurse, it also provided Americans with a
promising glimpse of:
a. nurses who can be promiscuous and still help doctors.
b. the fact that caring is not as important as the desire to serve one’s country.
c. the ability of nurses to cope with the dreadfulness of war by using humor.
d. the contributions of male military nurses.
ANS: C
The sitcom M*A*S*H did show humor as a coping mechanism for nurses in a war setting.
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 26
10. With the crisis in health care and the nursing shortage, why is the image of
nursing still important?
a. Nursing care is often delivered during a time of uncertainty, and the
image of nurses during this time can reinforce trust in the nurse-
patient relationship.
b. Physicians have a distinctive body of knowledge that identifies them as
professionals, whereas nursing has yet to develop a unique body of
knowledge on which to base practice.
c. Nurses must present a unified image if they hope to ever establish
nursing as a profession.
d. The dynamic state of today’s health care requires nurses to move from a
caring image to one of technologic competence.
ANS: A
A person who seeks health care is entering a world of uncertainty. The nurse
provides continuity and compassion and stabilizes the environment of the
patient.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 23
11. Nurses can combat the nursing shortage by:
a. joining unions, which influence employers to provide incentives such as pay
raises and free child care, thus encouraging the large percentage of
nonworking nurses to return to the workforce.
b. demanding that the requirements of the qualifying examination for foreign nurses
should be reduced, so they are eligible to sit for the licensure examination.
c. working more hours with a higher nurse/patient ratio.
d. advocating for funds to pay for nursing education and a safer work environment.
ANS: D
Advocating for funds to pay for nursing education and a safer work environment is a
positive strategy, as can be seen by results attained after the Reinvestment Act P.L.
107-205 provided
$20 million for nursing scholarships, public service announcements, faculty loan
cancellation programs, geriatric training grants, and nurse retention and safety
enhancement grants. This is the best defense against the nursing shortage. Nursing
graduates in many states have increased in number, and enrollment in nursing schools
is also on the rise.
10 | P a g eDIF: Application REF: pp. 23-24
12. The demographics of the twenty-first century nursing population indicate that:
a. individuals entering nursing are second-degree students who average 45
years of age.
b. more white nurses enter and obtain graduate degrees than any other ethnic group.
c. the highest level of nursing education for most RNs is an associate degree.
d. the majority of nurses practice in hospitals.
ANS: D
Fifty-six percent of nurses practice in hospitals.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 29
13. A nursing student asks, “I wonder if the reason that the nursing shortage is so severe
is that registered nurses are unhappy with their jobs.” To research the answer, the
National Survey of Registered Nurses was reviewed and found:
a. registered nurses change employers every year to prevent burnout and to
keep the nursing shortage from increasing.
b. nursing faculty are aging or leaving academia due to increased work
demands and generational difference from students.
c. practicing registered nurses are satisfied with their job and most remain
with same employer they worked for the previous year.
d. registered nurses were the least satisfied with their job of all health care providers.
ANS: C
According to the latest National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses (NSSR), 79.8%
of practicing RNs were satisfied with their job and 88.4% were with the same
employer as they had been in the preceding year (U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services, 2010).
Among all RNs, nursing faculty are the most satisfied (86.6%).
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 29
14. A registered nurse is on break and checking e-mails. One e-mail contains a picture of a
celebrity who is a patient in the hospital, and on the same floor, where the nurse
works. Included with the photo is a message, “check out my Facebook,” which
contains additional photographs of the patient. The nurse immediately deletes the
picture to prevent having to report the “friend” to supervisors. Based on the action of
the nurse who received the message, which statement is correct?
a. The nurse is not at risk for having his or her license suspended since
removing the photos made them temporary and invisible to all others.
b. Because the nurse did not send the message and immediately deleted the
photo, there is no risk for discipline.
c. Failing to report receiving the message demonstrates poor ethical
and legal role-modeling as well as placing the nurse at risk for
discipline.
d. Because the patient is on the same floor as the one on which the nurse
works, the information can be ethically and legally shared.
ANS: C
Failing to report the image can result in discipline.
11 | P a g eDIF: Comprehension
REF: pp. 27-28
15. A nurse executive is concerned that the mortality rate in his or her hospital
exceeds the national average and searches the literature finding Aiken’s 2011
Survey on the effects of nurse staffing and education on mortality, including work
environment. If Aiken’s recommendations are followed, which change would be
most effective?
a. Increasing staffing ratios to include more nurses of all levels of
educational preparation on all shifts
b. Employing bachelor’s prepared nurses who participate in interprofessional
rounds with attending physicians where their voices are heard
c. Ensuring nurse managers and administrators have at minimum a master’s degree
d. Encouraging all unlicensed assistive personnel to attend educational
programs to be certified
ANS: B
Aiken (2011) found that simply increasing the number of RNs was not the only
answer to reduce mortality. Increasing the number of BSN-prepared nurses along
with developing a positive work environment had the most impact on reducing
mortality. The impact on reducing mortality by increasing the educational level of
nurse managers/administrators and certified unlicensed assistive personnel was not
documented.
DIF: Application REF: pp. 30-31
16. In order to best improve patient outcomes on an acute care hospital unit, which
intervention should the nursing staff advocate for?
a. Staffing only 8 hour shifts on the unit
b. Decreasing the number of patients cared for on any specific unit
c. Increasing salaries for experienced nurses
d. Increasing staffing on the evening shift
ANS: D
The data clearly indicate that decreased nurse-patient ratios have been associated
with higher rates of mortality, shock, urinary tract infections, sepsis, hospital acquired
pneumonia, and failure to rescue, especially among surgical patients.
DIF: Application REF: pp. 30-31
17. A physician complains to administration that the nurse working last evening is
unethical, based on observing the nurse educate the patient about a new medication
ordered. The physician demanded the nurse be reprimanded and reminded that only
physicians have the educational background to teach patients about new medications.
Which comment and action by the administrator would be most effective in changing
nurse-physician relationships in this instance?
a. Inform the nurse, “You will be suspended for 3 days for going beyond your
job description,” and enforce the 3-day suspension because the physician
did not write the order to “teach the patient about the new medication”
b. Advise the physician that only nurses can teach patients about
medications; the physician’s role is to only prescribe. No action will be
taken against the nurse.
12 | P a g ec. After investigating the situation, thank the physician while also providing
information that patient education related to medication is within the scope
of practice of registered nurses. Share the physician’s concern and
administrator’s response with the nurse so both parties are aware of the
resolution of the concerns.
d. Contact the patient’s family and ask, “Do you prefer that all teaching
related to medications be performed by the physician rather than the
nurse” to determine what action to take.
ANS: C
Investigating the situation to provide evidence is the first step. Once the facts are
known, action can be taken. In this instance, including the ethics committee would
help ensure an unbiased decision.
DIF: Application REF: pp. 31-32
18. Which nurse best portrays nursing as a “knowledge worker”?
a. Nurse in matched scrubs with lab coat, hair back, small stud earrings
b. Nurse in mismatched scrubs, no lab coat, large hoop earrings
c. Nurse in white uniform with apron with no jewelry/hair back
d. Nurse with nose ring and eyebrow piercing with starched white uniform and cap
ANS: A
Nursing scrubs have become a popular alternative to the traditional white uniform;
clean wrinkle-free matching scrubs presented a professional image. Small stud
earrings reduce risk of injury to nurse when caring for confused or combative
patients.
DIF: Comprehension
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
1. According to current data related to the nursing shortage: (select all that apply)
a. salaries of nurses are competitive with those of other professionals
such as teachers.
b. only 19% of nurses are minorities.
c. overall, nurses are satisfied with their jobs but leave the profession because
of fear of contracting fatal diseases.
d. the employment opportunities for nurses continue to be strong.
e. staff nurses are returning to school to obtain certificates to teach nursing.
ANS: B, D
Only 19% of nurses are minorities. RNs have one of the highest growth rates of
employment of all occupations.
DIF: Knowledge REF: pp. 23-24 |p. 29
2. A group of new graduate nurses is asked to speak to a group of politicians to describe
the current state of professional nursing and how best to alleviate the nursing
shortage. Which statements accurately portray professional nursing today and
tomorrow? (select all that apply)
a. More RNs attain a bachelor’s degree than an associate degree or diploma.
13 | P a g e
REF: pp. 30-32b. Because of pressure to shorten length of stay in hospitals, more RNs
practice in outpatient settings and home health than in acute care
settings.
c. The most popular advanced practice specialty is nurse anesthesia.
d. White nurses are more likely to enter graduate school than nurses from
other ethnic groups.
e. Nursing represents the largest health care professional group, followed by
medical doctors.
ANS: A, E
Recipients of BSN degrees represent the largest graduating educational profile
(47.2%). Nurses make up the largest group of health care professionals.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 29
3. Which actions would result in a greater number of nurses entering and staying in
practice, given today’s state of nursing? (select all that apply)
a. Determine why few black women enter graduate school.
b. Provide incentives for minorities and men to enter nursing.
c. Obtain grant funding to increase the number of faculty members and
scholarship availability for students entering baccalaureate nursing
programs.
d. Survey nurses to determine why their job satisfaction is lower than that
of other health care professions.
e. Develop ad campaigns that target younger students.
ANS: B, C, E
Core solutions to the nursing shortage include providing incentives for minorities and
men to enter nursing. Core solutions to the nursing shortage include obtaining grant
funding to increase the number of faculty members and scholarship availability for
students entering baccalaureate nursing programs. Core solutions to the nursing
shortage include developing ad campaigns that target younger students.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: pp. 28-29
4. The Nurses of America’s media campaign raised awareness of which aspects of
nursing? (select all that apply)
a. Nurses are expert clinicians.
b. A higher nurse/patient ratio is needed.
c. Nurses are invisible in the news media.
d. Nurses are caring.
e. Nurses are well paid.
ANS: A, C
The campaign was designed to convey to the public that nurses are expert
clinicians. A strategically important part of the campaign raised consciousness
among nurses of the invisibility of nursing in the news media.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 28
Chapter 03: The Influence of Contemporary Trends and Issues on Nursing
Education
14 | P a g eMULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A current trend is for students to be evaluated to determine whether they
demonstrate competence in the actual client care environment or with a standardized
patient. This process occurs in addition to or instead of traditional pencil-and-paper
evaluations. This type of evaluation is referred to as:
a. core practice competencies.
b. continuing competence.
c. distance learning.
d. performance-based assessment.
ANS: D
Performance-based assessment is the evaluation of abilities based on an objective
demonstration of specific required competencies. This may include performance in
actual or simulated situations.
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 44
2. One of the major trends that currently influences nursing education and practice is:
a. increased technology in the field of critical care.
b. a narrowing scope of practice for nurses.
c. incivility or disregard of others’ rights in social interactions.
d. a decrease in ethnicity due to international programs allowing students
to study from a distance.
ANS: C
Incivility has escalated and can be demonstrated by the common practice of text-
messaging during class and an increase in academic dishonesty.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: pp. 46-47
3. Although the use of technology and the Internet provides nursing faculty and
students with unlimited resources and current information, an outcome associated
with this trend is that:
a. users of electronic resources spend a disproportionate amount of time
looking for pertinent content.
b. additional time is available to study and revise curricula because special
skills are not needed to access information via the Internet.
c. immediate results and outcomes are expected from students and
faculty, thus enhancing time management.
d. skills that require problem solving and reflective abilities are developed.
ANS: A
Students can easily become distracted by pursuit of the intriguing web of links they
encounter while they search websites to complete assignments or find pertinent
content.
DIF: Analysis
REF: pp. 41-43
4. A new trend in nursing education that is consistent with real-world practice is focused
on:
a. outcomes.
b. objectives.
15 | P a g ec. goals.
d. subjective appraisals.
ANS: A
Outcomes and criteria establish real expectations for clinical practice and have a
powerful influence on nursing education and practice at all levels. Outcomes are
used in all areas of nursing in the nursing process.
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 43
5. The practice of nurses, nursing students, and faculty is affected by demographic
changes due to:
a. the growing percentage of adults ages 50 to 55 years.
b. increasing numbers of obese children and adults.
c. changes by which families are becoming more nuclear.
d. social programs that are essentially eliminating poverty.
ANS: B
The United States is experiencing an epidemic of obesity with major consequences for
health and the health care system.
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 46
6. The first university to offer nursing graduates a baccalaureate degree was:
a. Columbia Teachers College.
b. Yale University.
c. Harvard University.
d. the New York Regents Program.
ANS: B
In 1924, Yale University offered the first separate Department of Nursing, whose
graduates earned a baccalaureate degree.
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 53
7. Which nursing model is referred to as the “class without walls”?
a. Articulation
b. Career ladder (2 + 2)
c. External degree
d. Second degree
ANS: C
An external degree does not require attendance and provides no course classes; it
enrolls thousands and is accessible regardless of geographic location.
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 56
8. When focusing on addressing issues identified by the 2000 Institute of Medicine
report, the nursing faculty will access information associated with which initiative?
a. Quality and Safety in Nursing Education
b. Competency Outcomes and Performance Model (COPA)
c. The National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties (NONPF)
d. Academic Center for Evidence-Based Practice (ACE)
16 | P a g eANS: A In response to the Institute of Medicine report (IOM, 2000), The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation funded a national initiative, Quality and Safety in Nursing Education (QSEN), to help nursing programs reorganize curricula to focus on patient safety and quality care.
DIF: Application REF: p. 43
9. The number of reported medical errors demonstrates a need for what priority intervention? a. Simulation experiences b. Performance competency exercises c. Comprehensive instructor-constructed examinations d. Detailed care planning exercises
ANS: B The increase in reported medical-related errors vividly emphasizes the need for more effective validation of performance competence in schools and the workplace.
DIF: Application REF: p. 45
10. Which trend is an effect of the nursing shortage on nursing education? a. Only devoted qualified nurses are continuing to provide bedside nursing because of the complexity of care required, resulting in excellent preceptorships for students.
b. The number of applicants to nursing programs has risen, but enrollment is limited because of a decrease in the number of available scholarships and grants.
c. With an increase in the number of nurses who are entering graduate school to escape bedside nursing, students will soon enjoy a lower faculty/student ratio.
d. Students may be assigned to preceptors who have not yet developed expertise in the field of interest.
ANS: D Qualified preceptors are few. DIF: Analysis
REF: p. 49
11. The NCLEX® examination is created and administered by the: a. American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN). b. American Nurses Association (ANA). c. National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN). d. National League for Nursing (NLN).
ANS: C The NCSBN coordinates licensure activities on a national level and creates and administers the licensure examination (NCLEX®). DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 57, Box 3-1
12. A student is planning to enroll in prerequisite courses after graduating from high school and is researching options for nursing programs. During a career fair the
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