Test Bank Campbell Biology All Chapters
Chapter 1 Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life
The introduction to the study of biology in Chapter 1
... [Show More] highlights seven book -wide themes, with special emphasis on the core theme of evolution. How scientists use inductive reasoning to draw general conclusions and deductive reasoning to test hypotheses is emphasized. Questions in this chapter are designed to help assess a student’s understanding of the content of Chapter 1 based on the three key concepts.
Multiple-Choice Questions
1) Which of the following properties or processes do we associate with living things?
A) evolutionary adaptations
B) energy processing
C) responding to the environment
D) growth and reproduction
E) all of the above Answer: E
Topic: Overview
Skill: Knowledge/Application
2) Which of the following is not a theme that unifies biology?
A) interaction with the environment
B) emergent properties
C) evolution
D) reductionism
E) structure and function Answer: D
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Application
3) Which of the following sequences represents the hierarchy of biological organization from the least to the most complex level?
A) organelle, tissue, biosphere, ecosystem, population, organism
B) cell, community, population, organ system, molecule, organelle
C) organism, community, biosphere, molecule, tissue, organ
D) ecosystem, cell, population, tissue, organism, organ system
E) molecule, cell, organ system, population, ecosystem, biosphere Answer: E
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Application
4) A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a
A) biosystem.
B) community.
C) population.
D) ecosystem.
E) family.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Application
1
2 Chapter 1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life
Test Bank Campbell Biology All Chapters
5) Which of the following is a false statement regarding DNA?
A) Each chromosome has one very long DNA molecule with hundreds of thousands of genes.
B) Every cell is enclosed by a membrane.
C) Every cell uses DNA as its genetic information.
D) All forms of life are composed of cells that have a membrane-enclosed nucleus.
E) DNA is the unit of inheritance that is transmitted from parent to offspring.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Application
6) In terms of the hierarchical organization of life, a bacterium is at the level of organization, whereas a human is at the level of organization.
A) single-celled organism; multicellular organism
B) single organelle; organism
C) organelle; organ system
D) single tissue; multicellular organism
E) tissue; organism Answer: A
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Application
7) Which of these is a correct representation of the hierarchy of biological organization from least to most complex?
A) organelle of a stomach cell, digestive system, large intestine, small intestine, intestinal tissue, organism
B) organelle of an intestinal cell, digestive system, small intestine, large intestine, intestinal tissue, organism
C) molecule, intestinal cell organelle, intestinal cell, intestinal tissue, digestive system, organism
D) molecule, small intestine, large intestine, intestinal tissue, digestive system, organism
E) molecule, digestive system, digestive cell organelle, small intestine, large intestine, intestinal cell, organism
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Application
8) Organisms interact with their environments, exchanging matter and energy. For example, plant chloroplasts convert the energy of sunlight into
A) the energy of motion.
B) carbon dioxide and water.
C) the potential energy of chemical bonds.
D) oxygen.
E) kinetic energy.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Application
Chapter 1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life 3
9) The main source of energy for producers in an ecosystem is
A) light energy.
B) kinetic energy.
C) thermal energy.
D) chemical energy.
E) ATP.
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Application
10) The dynamics of any ecosystem include the following major processes:
A) the flow of energy from sunlight to producers
B) the flow of energy from sunlight to producers and then to consumers
C) the recycling of chemical nutrients
D) the flow of energy to producers and the recycling of nutrients
E) the flow of energy from sunlight to producers and then to consumers, and the recycling of chemical nutrients.
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Application
11) For most ecosystems is (are) the ultimate source of energy, and energy leaves the ecosystem in the form of .
A) sunlight; heat
B) heat; light
C) plants; animals
D) plants; heat
E) producers; consumers Answer: A
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Application
4 Chapter 1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life
Test Bank Campbell Biology All Chapters
12) The illustration above represents
A) a computer simulation of the structure of a eukaryotic cell.
B) a map of a network of protein interactions within a eukaryotic cell.
C) an inventory of all the genes in a fruit fly.
D) an X-ray diffraction image of the nucleus and cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell.
E) a computer generated map of the interaction of genes and cytoplasm in a prokaryotic
cell.
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Application
13) The lowest level of biological organization that can perform all the activities required for life is the
A) organelle–for example, a chloroplast.
B) cell–for example, a skin cell.
C) tissue–for example, nervous tissue.
D) organ system–for example, the reproductive system.
E) organism–for example, an amoeba, dog, human, or maple tree. Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Application
Chapter 1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life 5
14) Which of the following is a false statement regarding deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)?
A) Each deoxyribonucleic acid molecule is composed of two long chains of nucleotides arranged in a double helix.
B) Genes are composed of deoxyribonucleic acid.
C) DNA is composed of chemical building blocks called nucleotides.
D) DNA is a code for the sequence of amino acids in a protein.
E) DNA is an enzyme that puts together amino acids to make a protein. Answer: E
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Application
15) Which of the following types of cells utilize deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as their genetic material but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope?
A) animal
B) plant
C) archaea
D) fungi
E) protists Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
16) Which of the following statements concerning prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is not
correct?
A) Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus.
B) Prokaryotic cells contain small membrane-enclosed organelles.
C) Eukaryotic cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus.
D) DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is present in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic
cells.
E) DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Application
17) Which of the following is reflective of the phrase ʺthe whole is greater than the sum of its partsʺ?
A) high-throughput technology
B) emergent properties
C) natural selection
D) reductionism
E) feedback regulations Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Application
6 Chapter 1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life
Test Bank Campbell Biology All Chapters
18) In order to understand the chemical basis of inheritance, one must understand the molecular structure of DNA. This is an example of the application of to the study of biology.
A) evolution
B) emergent properties
C) reductionism
D) the cell theory
E) feedback regulation Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
19) A type of protein critical to all cells is organic catalysts called
A) feedback activators.
B) feedback inhibitors.
C) enzymes.
D) metabolites.
E) nutrients.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Application
20) Once labor begins in childbirth, contractions increase in intensity and frequency until delivery. The increasing labor contractions of childbirth are an example of
A) a bioinformatic system.
B) positive feedback.
C) negative feedback.
D) feedback inhibition.
E) enzymatic catalysis. Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
21) When blood glucose level rises, the pancreas secretes insulin, and as a result blood glucose level declines. When blood glucose level is low, the pancreas secretes glucagon, and as a result blood glucose level rises. Such regulation of blood glucose level is the result of
A) catalytic feedback.
B) positive feedback.
C) negative feedback.
D) bioinformatic regulation.
E) protein-protein interactions. Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
Chapter 1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life 7
22) Life is diverse. How many species are estimated to be presently on the earth? A) 1,800
B) 180,000
C) 1,800,000
D) 18,000,000
E) 180,000,000
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Application
23) Which branch of biology is concerned with the naming and classifying of organisms?
A) informatics
B) schematic biology
C) taxonomy
D) genomics
E) evolution Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Application
24) Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have which of the following features in common?
A) a membrane-bounded nucleus
B) a cell wall made of cellulose
C) ribosomes
D) flagella or cilia that contain microtubules
E) linear chromosomes made of DNA and protein Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Application
25) Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains?
A) Bacteria and Eukarya
B) Archaea and Monera
C) Eukarya and Monera
D) Bacteria and Protista
E) Bacteria and Archaea Answer: E
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Application
26) Species that are in the same are more closely related than species that are only in the same .
A) phylum; class
B) family; order
C) class; order
D) family; genus
E) kingdom; phylum Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
8 Chapter 1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life
Test Bank Campbell Biology All Chapters
27) Two species that belong to the same genus must also belong to the same
A) kingdom.
B) phylum.
C) class.
D) order.
E) all of the above Answer: E
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
28) Which of these is reflective of the hierarchical organization of life from most to least inclusive?
A) kingdom, order, family, phylum, class, genus, species
B) phylum, class, order, kingdom, family, genus, species
C) kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
D) genus, species, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family
E) class, order, kingdom, phylum, family, genus, species Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Application
29) A water sample from a hot thermal vent contained a single-celled organism that had a cell wall but lacked a nucleus. What is its most likely classification?
A) Eukarya
B) Archaea
C) Animalia
D) Protista
E) Fungi Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
30) A filamentous organism has been isolated from decomposing organic matter. This organism has a cell wall but no chloroplasts. How would you classify this organism?
A) domain Bacteria, kingdom Prokaryota
B) domain Archaea, kingdom Bacteria
C) domain Eukarya, kingdom Plantae
D) domain Eukarya, kingdom Protista
E) domain Eukarya, kingdom Fungi Answer: E
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
Chapter 1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life 9
31) Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life?
A) the ubiquitous use of catalysts by living systems
B) the universality of the genetic code
C) the structure of the nucleus
D) the structure of cilia
E) the structure of chloroplasts Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
32) Which of the following is (are) true of natural selection?
A) requires genetic variation
B) results in descent with modification
C) involves differential reproductive success
D) B and C only
E) A, B, and C Answer: E
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Application
33) Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism for descent with modification which stated that organisms of a particular species are adapted to their environment when they possess
A) non-inheritable traits that enhance their survival in the local environment.
B) non-inheritable traits that enhance their reproductive success in the local environment.
C) non-inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.
D) inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.
E) inheritable traits that decrease their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
34) All of the following statements are part of Charles Darwinʹs concept of natural selection
except
A) Slight inheritable variations within a population may make an individual significantly more or less likely to survive in its environment, and thus to reproduce.
B) Every organism has the potential to produce more offspring than the local environment can support.
C) Characteristics of organisms are inherited as genes on chromosomes.
D) Better adapted members of a species will survive and reproduce more successfully.
E) Most individuals in a species do not survive to reproduce. Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
10 Chapter 1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life
Test Bank Campbell Biology All Chapters
35) Which of these individuals is most likely to be successful in an evolutionary sense?
A) a reproductively sterile individual who never falls ill
B) an organism that dies after 5 days of life but leaves 10 offspring, all of whom survive to reproduce
C) a male who mates with 20 females and fathers 1 offspring
D) an organism that lives 100 years and leaves 2 offspring, both of whom survive to reproduce
E) a female who mates with 20 males and produces 1 offspring Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
36) In a hypothetical world, every 50 years people over 6 feet tall are eliminated from the population. Based on your knowledge of natural selection, you would predict that the average height of the human population will
A) remain unchanged.
B) gradually decline.
C) rapidly decline.
D) gradually increase.
E) rapidly increase.
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
37) Through time, the lineage that led to modern whales shows a change from four -limbed land animals to aquatic animals with two limbs that function as flippers. This change is best explained by
A) natural philosophy.
B) creationism.
C) the hierarchy of the biological organization of life.
D) natural selection.
E) feedback inhibition. Answer: D
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
38) Evolution is biologyʹs core theme that ties together all the other themes. This is because evolution explains
A) the unity and diversity of life.
B) how organisms become adapted to their environment through the differential reproductive success of varying individuals.
C) why distantly related organisms sometimes resemble each other.
D) explains why some organisms have traits in common.
E) all of the above Answer: E
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
Chapter 1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life 11
39) The method of scientific inquiry that describes natural structures and processes as accurately as possible through careful observation and the analysis of data is known as
A) hypothesis-based science.
B) discovery science.
C) experimental science.
D) quantitative science.
E) qualitative science. Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.3
Skill: Knowledge/Application
40) Collecting data based on observation is an example of ; analyzing this data to reach a conclusion is an example of reasoning.
A) hypothesis-based science; inductive
B) the process of science; deductive
C) discovery science; inductive
D) descriptive science; deductive
E) hypothesis-based science; deductive Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.3
Skill: Application/Analysis
41) What is a hypothesis?
A) the same thing as an unproven theory
B) a tentative explanation that can be tested and is falsifiable
C) a verifiable observation sensed directly, or sensed indirectly with the aid of scientific instrumentation
D) a fact based on qualitative data that is testable
E) a fact based on quantitative data that is falsifiable Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.3
Skill: Knowledge/Application
42) Which of these is based on a deduction?
A) My car wonʹt start.
B) My carʹs battery is dead.
C) My car is out of gas.
D) I lost my car key.
E) If I turn the key in the ignition while stepping on the gas pedal, then my car will start. Answer: E
Topic: Concept 1.3
Skill: Application/Analysis
12 Chapter 1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life
Test Bank Campbell Biology All Chapters
43) When applying the process of science, which of these is tested?
A) a question
B) a result
C) an observation
D) a prediction
E) a hypothesis Answer: D
Topic: Concept 1.3
Skill: Application/Analysis
44) A controlled experiment is one in which
A) the experiment is repeated many times to ensure that the results are accurate.
B) the experiment proceeds at a slow pace to guarantee that the scientist can carefully observe all reactions and process all experimental data.
C) there are at least two groups, one of which does not receive the experimental treatment.
D) there are at least two groups, one differing from the other by two or more variables.
E) there is one group for which the scientist controls all variables. Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.3
Skill: Application/Analysis
45) Why is it important that an experiment include a control group?
A) The control group is the group that the researcher is in control of; it is the group in which the researcher predetermines the nature of the results.
B) The control group provides a reserve of experimental subjects.
C) A control group is required for the development of an ʺif, thenʺ statement.
D) A control group assures that an experiment will be repeatable.
E) Without a control group, there is no basis for knowing if a particular result is due to the variable being tested or to some other factor.
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 1.3
Skill: Application/Analysis
46) The application of scientific knowledge for some specific purpose is known as
A) technology.
B) deductive science.
C) inductive science.
D) anthropologic science.
E) pure science.
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 1.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
True/False Questions
47) A common form of regulation in which accumulation of an end product of a process slows that process is called positive feedback.
Answer: FALSE
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
Chapter 1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life 13
48) Charles Darwin presented verifiable evidence that supported the view that life can arise by spontaneous generation.
Answer: FALSE
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
49) Recent evidence points to the conclusion that the ancestral finches of the Galapagos originated in the islands of the Caribbean.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
50) Discovery science uses inductive reasoning to derive generalizations from a large number of specific observations.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Concept 1.3
Skill: Application/Analysis
51) In hypothesis-based science, deductive reasoning is used to predict a result that would be found if a particular hypothesis is correct.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Concept 1.3
Skill: Application/Analysis
52) Discovery science has contributed much to our understanding of nature without most of the steps of the so-called scientific method.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Concept 1.3
Skill: Application/Analysis
53) Science requires that hypothesis be testable and falsifiable and that observations be repeatable.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Concept 1.3
Skill: Application/Analysis
54) A theory in science is equivalent in scope to a well-structured hypothesis. Answer: FALSE
Topic: Concept 1.3
Skill: Application/Analysis
55) The goal of systems biology is to construct models to predict the emergent properties of cells.
Answer: FALSE
Topic: Concept 1.3
Skill: Application/Analysis
14 Chapter 1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life
Test Bank Campbell Biology All Chapters
Self-Quiz Questions
The following questions are from the end-of-chapter-review Self-Quiz questions in Chapter 1 of the textbook.
1) All the organisms on your campus make up
A) an ecosystem.
B) a community.
C) a population.
D) an experimental group.
E) a taxonomic domain. Answer: B
2) Which of the following is a correct sequence of levels in lifeʹs hierarchy, proceeding downward from an individual animal?
A) brain, organ system, nerve cell, nervous tissue
B) organ system, nervous tissue, brain
C) organism, organ system, tissue, cell, organ
D) nervous system, brain, nervous tissue, nerve cell
E) organ system, tissue, molecule, cell Answer: D
3) Which of the following is not an observation or inference on which Darwinʹs theory of natural selection is based?
A) Poorly adapted individuals never produce offspring.
B) There is heritable variation among individuals.
C) Because of overproduction of offspring, there is competition for limited resources.
D) Individuals whose inherited characteristics best fit them to the environment will generally produce more offspring.
E) A population can become adapted to its environment. Answer: A
4) Systems biology is mainly an attempt to
A) understand the integration of all levels of biological organization from molecules to the biosphere.
B) simplify complex problems by reducing the system into smaller, less complex units.
C) construct models of the behavior of entire biological systems.
D) build high-throughput machines for the rapid acquisition of biological data.
E) speed up the technological application of scientific knowledge.
Answer: C
5) Protists and bacteria are grouped into different domains because
A) protists eat bacteria.
B) bacteria are not made of cells.
C) protists have a membrane-bounded nucleus, which bacterial cells lack.
D) bacteria decompose protists.
E) protists are photosynthetic. Answer: C
Chapter 1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life 15
6) Which of the following best demonstrates the unity among all organisms?
A) matching DNA nucleotide sequences
B) descent with modification
C) the structure and function of DNA
D) natural selection
E) emergent properties Answer: C
7) Which of the following is an example of qualitative data?
A) The temperature decreased from 20°C to 15°C.
B) The plantʹs height is 25 centimeters (cm).
C) The fish swam in a zig-zag motion.
D) The six pairs of robins hatched an average of three chicks.
E) The contents of the stomach are mixed every 20 seconds. Answer: C
8) Which of the following best describes the logic of hypothesis-based science?
A) If I generate a testable hypothesis, tests and observations will support it.
B) If my prediction is correct, it will lead to a testable hypothesis.
C) If my observations are accurate, they will support my hypothesis.
D) If my hypothesis is correct, I can expect certain test results.
E) If my experiments are set up right, they will lead to a testable hypothesis. Answer: D
9) A controlled experiment is one that
A) proceeds slowly enough that a scientist can make careful records of the results.
B) may include experimental groups and control groups tested in parallel.
C) is repeated many times to make sure the results are accurate.
D) keeps all environmental variables constant.
E) is supervised by an experienced scientist. Answer: B
10) Which of the following statements best distinguishes hypotheses from theories in science?
A) Theories are hypotheses that have been proved.
B) Hypotheses are guesses; theories are correct answers.
C) Hypotheses usually are relatively narrow in scope; theories have broad explanatory power.
D) Hypotheses and theories are essentially the same thing.
E) Theories are proved true in all cases; hypotheses are usually falsified by tests. Answer: C
16 Chapter 1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life
Test Bank Campbell Biology All Chapters
11) With rough sketches, draw a biological hierarchy similar to the one in Figure 1.4 in the text but using a coral reef as the ecosystem, a fish as the organism, its stomach as the organ, and DNA as the molecule. Include all levels in the hierarchy.
Answer: Your figure should show: (1) For the biosphere, the Earth with an arrow coming out of a tropical ocean; (2) for the ecosystem, a distant view of a coral reef; (3) For the community, a collection of reef animals and algae, with corals, fishes, some seaweed, and any other organisms you can think of; (4) for the population, a group of fish of the same species; (5) for the organism, one fish from your population; (6) for the organ, the fishʹs stomach, and for the organ system, the whole digestive tract (see Chapter 41 for help); (7) for a tissue, a group of similar cells from the stomach; (8) for a cell, one cell from the tissue, showing its nucleus and a few other organelles; (9) for an organelle, the nucleus, where most of the cellʹs DNA is located; and (10) for a molecule, a DNA double helix. Your sketches can be very rough!
Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life
Information in this chapter establishes a foundation for later discussion and elaboration of
molecular-level events and processes in biological systems. Ensuring that students possess the technical vocabulary (terms and definitions) to understand descriptions in later chapters is a major focus.
Test Bank questions emphasize understanding and application of technical vocabulary, as well as comprehension of atomic structure and processes such as electron orbitals, bond formation, ionization, etc. Questions near the end of this Test Bank set emphasize ability to relate terminology and word descriptions to pictorial or symbolic representations of atomic structures and processes. Most students will probably find these later questions most difficult.
Multiple-Choice Questions
1) About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which four of these 25 elements make up approximately 96% of living matter?
A) carbon, sodium, chlorine, nitrogen
B) carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, hydrogen
C) oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, sodium
D) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
E) carbon, oxygen, sulfur, calcium Answer: D
Topic: Concept 2.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
2) Trace elements are those required by an organism in only minute quantities. Which of the following is a trace element that is required by humans and other vertebrates?
A) nitrogen
B) calcium
C) iodine
D) sodium
E) phosphorus Answer: C
Topic: Concept 2.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
3) Three or four of the following statements are true and correct. Which one, if any, is false? If
all the statements are true, choose answer E.
A) Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen make up approximately 96% of living matter.
B) The trace element iodine is required only in very small quantities by vertebrates.
C) Virtually all organisms require the same elements in the same quantities.
D) Iron is an example of an element needed by all organisms.
E) All of the other statements are true and correct. Answer: C
Topic: Concept 2.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
17
18 Chapter 2, The Chemical Context of Life
Test Bank Campbell Biology All Chapters
4) Which of the following statements is false?
A) Atoms of the various elements differ in their number of subatomic particles.
B) All atoms of a particular element have the same number of protons in their nuclei.
C) The neutrons and protons present in the nucleus of an atom are almost identical in mass; each has a mass of about 1 dalton.
D) An atom is the smallest unit of an element that still retains the properties of the element.
E) Protons and electrons are electrically charged particles. Protons have one unit of negative charge, and electrons have one unit of positive charge.
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 2.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
5) Each element is unique and different from other elements because of the number of protons in the nuclei of its atoms. Which of the following indicates the number of protons in an atomʹs nucleus?
A) atomic mass
B) atomic weight
C) atomic number
D) mass weight
E) mass number Answer: C
Topic: Concept 2.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
6) The mass number of an element can be easily approximated by adding together the number of in an atom of that element.
A) protons and neutrons
B) energy levels
C) protons and electrons
D) neutrons and electrons
E) isotopes Answer: A
Topic: Concept 2.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
7) What is the approximate atomic mass of an atom with 16 neutrons, 15 protons, and 15 electrons?
A) 15 daltons
B) 16 daltons
C) 30 daltons
D) 31 daltons
E) 46 daltons Answer: D
Topic: Concept 2.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Chapter 2, The Chemical Context of Life 19
8) Oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and a mass number of 16. Thus, the atomic mass of an oxygen atom is
A) exactly 8 grams.
B) exactly 8 daltons.
C) approximately 16 grams.
D) approximately 16 daltons.
E) 24 amu (atomic mass units). Answer: D
Topic: Concept 2.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
9) The nucleus of a nitrogen atom contains 7 neutrons and 7 protons. Which of the following is a correct statement concerning nitrogen?
A) The nitrogen atom has a mass number of approximately 7 daltons and an atomic mass of 14.
B) The nitrogen atom has a mass number of approximately 14 daltons and an atomic mass of 7.
C) The nitrogen atom has a mass number of 14 and an atomic mass of 7 grams.
D) The nitrogen atom has a mass number of 7 grams and an atomic number of 14.
E) The nitrogen atom has a mass number of 14 and an atomic mass of approximately 14 daltons.
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 2.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
10) Calcium has an atomic number of 20 and an atomic mass of 40. Therefore, a calcium atom must have
A) 20 protons.
B) 40 electrons.
C) 40 neutrons.
D) A and B only
E) A, B, and C Answer: A
Topic: Concept 2.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
11) An atom with an atomic number of 9 and a mass number of 19 would have an atomic mass of approximately
A) 9 daltons.
B) 9 grams.
C) 10 daltons.
D) 20 grams.
E) 19 daltons.
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 2.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
20 Chapter 2, The Chemical Context of Life
Test Bank Campbell Biology All Chapters
12) Different atomic forms of an element contain the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. What are these different atomic forms called?
A) ions
B) isotopes
C) neutronic atoms
D) isomers
E) radioactive atoms Answer: B
Topic: Concept 2.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
13) How do isotopes of the same element differ from each other?
A) number of protons
B) number of electrons
C) number of neutrons
D) valence electron distribution
E) amount of radioactivity Answer: C
Topic: Concept 2.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
14) Which of the following best describes the relationship between the atoms described below?
Atom 1 Atom 2
1 H 3 H
1 1
A) They are isomers.
B) They are polymers.
C) They are isotopes.
D) They contain 1 and 3 protons, respectively.
E) They each contain 1 neutron. Answer: C
Topic: Concept 2.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
15) Which of the following best describes the relationship between the atoms described below?
Atom 1 Atom 2
31 P 32 P
15 15
A) They contain 31 and 32 electrons, respectively.
B) They are both phosphorus cations.
C) They are both phosphorus anions.
D) They are both isotopes of phosphorus.
E) They contain 31 and 32 protons, respectively. Answer: D
Topic: Concept 2.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Chapter 2, The Chemical Context of Life 21
16) One difference between carbon-12 ( 12 C) and carbon-14 ( 14 C) is that carbon-14 has
6 6
A) two more protons than carbon-12.
B) two more electrons than carbon-12.
C) two more neutrons than carbon-12.
D) A and C only
E) B and C only Answer: C
Topic: Concept 2.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
17) 3 H is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen. One difference between hydrogen-1 ( 1 H) and
1
hydrogen-3 ( 3 H) is that hydrogen-3 has
1
A) one more neutron and one more proton than hydrogen-1.
B) one more proton and one more electron than hydrogen -1.
C) one more electron and one more neutron than hydrogen-1.
D) two more neutrons than hydrogen-1.
E) two more protons than hydrogen-1.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 2.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
18) The atomic number of carbon is 6. Carbon-14 is heavier than carbon-12 because the atomic nucleus of carbon-14 contains neutrons.
A) 6
B) 7
C) 8
D) 12
E) 14 Answer: C
Topic: Concept 2.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
19) Electrons exist only at fixed levels of potential energy. However, if an atom absorbs sufficient energy, a possible result is that
A) an electron may move to an electron shell farther out from the nucleus.
B) an electron may move to an electron shell closer to the nucleus.
C) the atom may become a radioactive isotope.
D) the atom would become a positively charged ion, or cation.
E) the atom would become a negatively charged ion, or anion. Answer: A
Topic: Concept 2.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
22 Chapter 2, The Chemical Context of Life
Test Bank Campbell Biology All Chapters
20) The atomic number of neon is 10. Therefore, which of the following is correct about an atom of neon?
A) It has 8 electrons in its outer electron shell.
B) It is inert.
C) It has an atomic mass of 10 daltons.
D) A and B only
E) A, B, and C are correct. Answer: D
Topic: Concept 2.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
21) From its atomic number of 15, it is possible to predict that the phosphorus atom has
A) 15 neutrons.
B) 15 protons.
C) 15 electrons.
D) 8 electrons in its outermost electron shell.
E) B and C only Answer: E
Topic: Concept 2.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Please refer to Figure 2.1 to answer the following questions.
Figure 2.1
22) Which drawing depicts the electron configuration of neon ( 20 Ne)?
10
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 2.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
23) Which drawing depicts the electron configuration of oxygen ( 16 O)?
8
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 2.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
24) Which drawing depicts the electron configuration of nitrogen ( 14 N)?
7
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 2.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Chapter 2, The Chemical Context of Life 23
25) Which drawing is of an atom with the atomic number of 6? Answer: A
Topic: Concept 2.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
26) Which drawing depicts an atom that is inert or chemically unreactive? Answer: E
Topic: Concept 2.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
27) Which drawing depicts an atom with a valence of 3? Answer: B
Topic: Concept 2.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
28) Which drawing depicts an atom with a valence of 2? Answer: C
Topic: Concept 2.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
29) Atoms whose outer electron shells contain eight electrons tend to
A) form ionic bonds in aqueous solutions.
B) form covalent bonds in aqueous solutions.
C) be stable and chemically nonreactive, or inert.
D) be unstable and chemically very reactive.
E) be isotopes and very radioactive. Answer: C
Topic: Concept 2.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Use the information extracted from the periodic table in Figure 2.2 to answer the following questions.
Figure 2.2
30) How many electrons does nitrogen have in its valence shell?
A) 2
B) 5
C) 7
D) 8
E) 14 Answer: B
Topic: Concept 2.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
24 Chapter 2, The Chemical Context of Life
Test Bank Campbell Biology All Chapters
31) How many electrons does phosphorus have in its valence shell?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5 Answer: E
Topic: Concept 2.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
32) How many neutrons are present in the nucleus of a phosphorus atom?
A) 8
B) 15
C) 16
D) 31
E) 46 Answer: C
Topic: Concept 2.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
33) How many electrons does an atom of sulfur have in its valence shell?
A) 4
B) 6
C) 8
D) 16
E) 32 Answer: B
Topic: Concept 2.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
34) Based on electron configuration, which of these elements would exhibit chemical behavior most like that of oxygen?
A) carbon
B) hydrogen
C) nitrogen
D) sulfur
E) phosphorus Answer: D
Topic: Concept 2.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
35) How many electrons would be expected in the outermost electron shell of an atom with atomic number 12?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 6
E) 8 Answer: B
Topic: Concept 2.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
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