Test Bank by Edelman for Health
Promotion Throughout the Life Span,
8th EditionTest Bank by Edelman for Health Promotion
Throughout the Life Span, 8th
... [Show More] EditionTable of Contents
Module 1: Foundations for Health Promotion
1. Health Defined: Objectives for Promotion and Prevention
2. Emerging Populations and Health
3. Health Policy and the Delivery System
4. The Therapeutic Relationship
5. Ethical Issues Relevant to Health Promotion
Module 2: Assessment for Health Promotion
6. Health Promotion and the Individual
7. Health Promotion and the Family
8. Health Promotion and the Community
Module 3: Interventions for Health Promotion
9. Screening
10. Health Education
11. Nutrition Counseling for Health Promotion
12. Exercise13. Stress Management
14. Holistic Health Strategies
Module 4: Application of Health Promotion
15. Overview of Growth and Development Framework
16. The Prenatal Period
17. Infant
18. Toddler
19. Preschool Child
20. School-Age Child
21. Adolescent
22. Young Adult
23. Middle-Age Adult
24. Older Adult
Module 5: Challenges in the Twenty-First Century
25. Health Promotion for the Twenty-First Century: Throughout the
Life Span and Throughout the WorldChapter 01: Health Defined: Objectives for Promotion and Prevention
Edelman: Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span, 8th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which model of health is most likely used by a person who does not believe in preventive health care?
a. Clinical model
b. Role performance model
c. Adaptive model
d. Eudaimonistic model
ANS: A
The clinical model of health views the absence of signs and symptoms of disease as indicative of health. People
who use this model wait until they are very sick to seek care.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 3
2. A person with chronic back pain is cared for by her primary care provider as well as receives
acupuncture. Which model of health does this person likely favor?
a. Clinical model
b. Role performance model
c. Adaptive model
d. Eudaimonistic model
ANS: D
The eudaimonistic model embodies the interaction and interrelationships among physical, social, psychological,
and spiritual aspects of life and the environment in goal attainment and creating meaning in life. Practitioners
who practice the clinical model may not be enough for someone who believes in the eudaimonistic model. Those
who believe in the eudaimonistic model often look for alternative providers of care.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 3
3. A state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person‘s potential and is
experienced within a developmental context is known as:
a. growth and development.
b. health.
c. functioning.
d. high-level wellness.
ANS: B
Health is defined as a state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person‘s potential
and is experienced within a developmental context.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 5
4. Which of the following best describes a client who has an illness?
a. Someone who has well-controlled diabetes
b. Someone with hypercholesterolemia
c. Someone with a headache
d. Someone with coronary artery disease without
angina ANS: CSomeone with a headache represents a person with an illness. An illness is made up of the subjective experience
of the individual and the physical manifestation of disease. It can be described as a response characterized by a
mismatch between a person‘s needs and the resources available to meet those needs. A person can have a disease
without feeling ill. The other choices represent disease.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 6
5. Which US report is considered a landmark document in creating a global approach to health?
a. The 1990 Health Objectives for the Nation: A Midcourse Review
b. Healthy People 2020
c. Healthy People 2000
d. The U.S. Surgeon General Report
ANS: C
Healthy People 2000 and its Midcourse Review and 1995 Revisions were landmark documents in which a
consortium of people representing national organizations worked with US Public Health Service officials to
create a more global approach to health.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 6
6. Which of the following represents a method of primary prevention?
a. Informational session about healthy lifestyles
b. Blood pressure screening
c. Interventional cardiac catheterization
d. Diagnostic cardiac catheterization
ANS: A
Primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction. It includes health promotion and specific protection and
encourages increased awareness; thus, education about healthy lifestyles fits this definition. Blood pressure
screening does not prevent disease, but instead identifies it.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 11
7. Which of the following represents a method of secondary prevention?
a. Self–breast examination education
b. Yearly mammograms
c. Chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer
d. Complete mastectomy for breast cancer
ANS: B
Screening is secondary prevention because the principal goal of screenings is to identify individuals in an early,
detectable stage of the disease process. A mammogram is a screening tool for breast cancer and thus is
considered a method of secondary prevention.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 15
8. Which of the following represents a method of tertiary prevention?
a. Drunk driving campaign
b. Road blocks for drunk driving
c. Emergency surgery for head trauma after a motor vehicle accident
d. Physical and occupational therapy after a motor vehicle accident with head
trauma ANS: DPhysical therapy and occupational therapy are considered tertiary prevention. Tertiary prevention occurs when a
defect or disability is permanent and irreversible. It involves minimizing the effect of disease and disability. The
objective of tertiary prevention is to maximize remaining capacities.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 15
9. In reviewing a person‘s medical claims, a nurse realizes that the individual with moderate persistent asthma has
had several emergency department visits and is not on inhaled steroids as recommended by the NHLBI asthma
management guidelines. The nurse discusses this with the person‘s primary care provider. In this scenario, the
nurse is acting as a(n):
a. advocate.
b. care manager.
c. consultant.
d. educator.
ANS: B
Care managers act to prevent duplication of service and reduce cost. Care managers base recommendation
on reliable data sources such as evidence-based practices and protocols.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 15
10. During a home visit, a nurse assists an individual to complete an application for disability services. The nurse
is acting as a(n):
a. advocate.
b. care manager.
c. consultant.
d. educator.
ANS: A
The advocacy role of the nurse helps individuals obtain what they are entitled to receive from the health care
system, tries to make the system more responsive to individuals‘ community needs, and assists individuals in
developing skills to advocate for themselves.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 15
11. During a home visit, a nurse discusses the dangers of smoking with an individual. In this scenario the nurse
is acting as a(n):
a. advocate.
b. care manager.
c. consultant.
d. educator.
ANS: D
Health education is a primary prevention technique available to avoid major causes of disease. Teaching can
range from a chance remark to a planned lesson.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 16
12. A nurse is asked to provide an expert opinion about the development of an education program for
newly diagnosed diabetics. In this scenario, the nurse is acting as a(n):
a. advocate.
b. care manager.
c. consultant.
d. educator.ANS: C
Nurses with a specialized area of expertise provide education about health promotion and disease prevention to
individuals and groups as consultants.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 16
13. A nurse is planning to deliver an educational program to individuals with diabetes. Which of the
following should be the initial action taken by the nurse to ensure the success of the program?
a. Assess the motivation level of the individuals
b. Assess the knowledge level of the individuals
c. Establish teacher-learner goals with the individuals
d. Establish multiple teaching sessions with the individuals
ANS: B
Selection of the methods most likely to succeed involves the establishment of teacher-learner goals. Thus, the
first step by the nurse should be establishment of goals.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 16
14. The conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care
of individuals is known as:
a. health-related quality of life.
b. evidence-based practice.
c. a Healthy People 2010 goal.
d. the ecological model of health.
ANS: B
Evidence-based practice is defined as the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in
making decisions about the care of individuals.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 16
15. Which research methodology should be used to address the question, ―What is the difference in the
infection rates between individuals who receive twice-a-day dressing changes versus once-a-day dressing
changes?‖
a. Evidence-based practice research
b. Qualitative research
c. Quantitative research
d. Clinical judgment research
ANS: C
Quantitative research studies describe situations, correlate different variables related to care, or test causal
relationships among variables related to care. Evidence-based practice research and clinical judgment research
are not research methodologies; they are used to answer clinical questions.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 16
16. The question, ―What is the experience of teenagers who lose a sibling to cancer?‖ can best be answered by
using which research methodology?
a. Evidence-based practice research
b. Qualitative research
c. Quantitative research
d. Clinical judgment research
ANS: BQualitative research studies describe phenomena or define the historical nature, cultural relevance, or
philosophical basis of aspects of nursing care. Evidence-based practice research and clinical judgment research
are not research methodologies; they are used to answer clinical questions.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 16
17. A nurse who uses findings from a randomized, controlled trial on the care of Foley catheters to change practice atan
institution is practicing:
a. evidence-based medicine.
b. qualitative research.
c. quantitative research.
d. clinical judgment.
ANS: A
The practice of evidence-based medicine means integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available
external clinical evidence from systematic research.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 16
18. Which of the following is most influenced by the social and economic environment of a community?
a. Social health policies
b. Quality of care
c. Evidence-based practice
d. Practice guidelines
ANS: A
Social policies concerning health are influenced by the social and economic environment of a population.
Analysis of population trends and projections is necessary to help health professionals determine changing needs.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 17
19. A major cause of death in the early twentieth century was:
a. cancer.
b. cerebrovascular disease.
c. heart disease.
d. infections.
ANS: D
Infections and acute disease were the major causes of death in the early part of the twentieth century.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 17
20. A mainstay of therapy for the management of chronic diseases is:
a. lifestyle changes.
b. occupational and physical therapy.
c. medications.
d. surgery.
ANS: A
The application of complex technology is not only costly but contributes minimally to improvement of health.
One needs to focus on the cause of disease. The needs of a person with chronic disease are related to and affected
by the individual‘s biochemical functioning, genetics, environment, and personal choices.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 1721. Which of the following demonstrates a nurse taking action to promote health and prevent disease?
a. Making a home visit to a person who is recovering from a heart attack
b. Administering medications to a cardiac client in the hospital
c. Providing cardiopulmonary resuscitation during a heart attack
d. Educating a person about the advantages of a heart-healthy diet during a home visit
ANS: D
Solutions for health promotion are focused on individual and government involvement. To promote health and
wellness, an emphasis must be placed on primary prevention. This is often related to actions such as education
that influence lifestyle choices. In the preceding example, educating a person about the advantages of a hearthealthy diet during a home visit serves to influence lifestyle choices.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 17
22. Which factor may have the most influence in changing the health behavior of a single, adult woman who
smokes and is the care provider for her mother, her own children, and granddaughter?
a. Education regarding effects of smoking on her health
b. The satisfaction that she will not contribute to secondhand smoke
c. The availability of a weekly support group
d. A gift card for $10 to a local grocery store for every week she is smoke free
ANS: D
Motivational factors play a role in influencing attitudinal changes. A financial incentive is an example of a
motivating factor. For this woman, who is financially responsible for the health and well-being of other
individuals, finances will likely play a significant role in motivating her actions. Remember that education
regarding the benefits of not smoking is not enough. Thus, the $10 gift card may have the most influence in
changing her health behavior.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 14 (Box 1-6) | p. 18
23. An example of a Hispanic American nurse promoting cultural competency is:
a. providing translation services for all Hispanic Americans.
b. focusing on episodic care of illnesses with Hispanic Americans.
c. taking a class about the Hispanic American culture.
d. providing care for all Hispanic American persons in her clinic.
ANS: C
Nurses must be aware of their beliefs, values, and customs. They should not assume that their perspective is
correct and shared by others. Additionally, they should avoid stereotyping. Broadening one‘s educational base
regarding cultural beliefs is a way to develop and thus promote cultural competency.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 17 (Box 1-2)
24. The devaluing of beliefs, values, and customs of others is known as:
a. ethnocentrism.
b. racism.
c. cultural competency.
d. empathy.
ANS: B
Racism is defined as the devaluing of beliefs, values, and customs of others.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 7 (Box 1-2)
25. Building a partnership with an obese individual who is trying to lose weight requires the nurse to:a. schedule a day to exercise with the individual.
b. go grocery shopping for the individual.
c. learn about the methods of weight loss.
d. give the individual a weight loss goal.
ANS: C
Nurses must work with individuals to determine what they are willing to do to lose weight. To do this
successfully, nurses must know what options are available to the individuals for weight loss. Once nurses learn
about the methods of weight loss, they can then develop goals for weight loss with the individual.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 8 (Box 1-3)
26. Assuming that an individual‘s own perspective is correct and shared by others is known as:
a. ethnocentrism.
b. racism.
c. cultural competency.
d. empathy.
ANS: A
Assuming that an individual‘s own perspective is correct and shared by others is known as ethnocentrism.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 8 (Box 1-2)
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
1. Which of the following ―investment‖ themes has been identified by the National Institute of Nursing
Research? (select all that apply)
a. Interprofessional collaboration
b. Improving quality of life
c. End-of-life care
d. Increasing physical activity among Americans
ANS: B, C
The National Institute of Nursing Research has identified five themes that promote health and prevent
disease, improve quality of life through symptom management, and support palliative and end-of-life care,
innovation, and nurse scientists.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 16
2. Which interventions address both the National Institute of Nursing Research themes and the overall goals of the
Healthy People 2020 leading health indicators? (select all that apply)
a. Establishing a new park with a well-lit track
b. Establishing a smoking cessation campaign
c. Providing reduced-cost transportation passes to senior citizens
d. Providing free condoms at all federally funded health
clinics ANS: A, B, DEstablishing a new park with a well-lit track, establishing a smoking cessation campaign, and providing free
condoms at all federally funded health clinics all address the National Institute of Nursing Research themes
and the Healthy People 2020 leading health indicators. A park, smoking cessation campaign, and free condoms
address the themes of promoting health and preventing disease and the goal of increasing quality and years of
healthy life. Providing reduced-cost transportation passes to senior citizens may indirectly affect the health of
this population; however, it is not directly related to the themes of the National Institute of Research (promote
health and prevent disease, improve quality of life through symptom management, and support palliative and
end-of-life care, innovation, and nurse scientists) or the overall goals of Healthy People 2020 (increase quality
and years of healthy life and eliminate health disparities).
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 7 | p. 16
Chapter 02: Emerging Populations and Health
Edelman: Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span, 8th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following statements about ethnic minorities in the United States is accurate?
a. It is estimated that the percentage of ethnic minorities will decrease during the next 30 years.
b. It is estimated that ethnic minorities will increase to one in two by 2050.
c. The increasing population of refugees has been a significant contributor to the increase in
ethnic minorities.
d. The increasing population of ethnic minorities has helped decrease the health disparities faced
by this population.
ANS: B
It is estimated that the number of ethnic minorities will increase to one in two by 2050. In 2010, it was estimated
that 33% of the population was from an ethnic minority. The increasing population of immigrants has been a
significant contributor to the increasing populations of major ethnic groups. The increasing populations of ethnic
groups is one factor that is producing disparities in health status and access of the health care system.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 24
2. A person states, ―My grandmother is the decision maker in our family.‖ Which of the following is being
described by the person?
a. Culture
b. Race
c. Ethnicity
d. Values
ANS: A
Culture, as an element of ethnicity, refers to integrated patterns of human behavior that include the language,
thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values, and institutions of racial, ethnic, religious, or social
groups. The term ―ethnicity‖ encompasses more than a cultural practice, which is what is being described by the
person; it focuses on differences in meanings, values, and ways of living. Race is associated with power and
indexes the history or ongoing imposition of one‘s group‘s authority above another. Values are beliefs about the
worth of something and serve as standards that influence behavior and thinking.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 24
3. The nurse recommended to a 50-year-old woman that she schedule a routine mammogram. Which of
the following would be the most important factor in this woman‘s decision to schedule this exam?
a. Race
b. Ethnicity
c. Cultural valuesd. Value orientation
ANS: C
Cultural values guide actions and decision-making that facilitates self-worth and self-esteem. They shape human
behaviors and determine what individuals will do to maintain their health status, how they will care for
themselves, and others who become ill, and where and from whom they will seek health care. Race is associated
with power and indexes the history or ongoing imposition of one‘s group‘s authority above another. Ethnicity
focuses on differences in meanings, values, and ways of living. Value orientations reflect the personality type of
a particular society.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 24
4. Which of the following actions demonstrates a health care professional providing culturally competent care?
a. Encouraging the person to take medications as prescribed
b. Asking the person to describe his folk healing methods
c. Demonstrating the proper way to administer an insulin injection
d. Assisting the person with discussing his health problems with the family
ANS: B
It is very important for health care providers to be aware of how people interpret their health issues or illnesses
to be capable to provide culturally competent care. A culturally competent health care professional should be
able to consistently and thoroughly recognize and understand the differences in his or her culture and that of the
patient or client, to respect the person‘s values and beliefs, and adjust the approach of delivering care to meet
each person‘s needs and expectations. Asking the person to describe his folk healing methods is the only action
that demonstrates the health care professional seeking input from the person into the care that is received.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 26
5. A person reports that she has been seeking care from an acupuncturist to help relieve the chronic pain that she
has been experiencing. Which of the following statements would be the most appropriate response from the
nurse?
a. ―You should have told me that the current treatments were helping your pain.‖
b. ―Tell me more about your treatments from the acupuncturist.‖
c. ―Tell me why you decided to not to continue with your treatment plan.‖
d. ―You should not be seeing an acupuncturist while receiving professional care.‖
ANS: B
Through a culturally sensitive assessment process, nurses can determine what specific remedies individuals are
using and whether their continued use would interfere with the prescribed method. The nurse asking the person
to describe the treatments from the acupuncturist allows the nurse to learn this information. The other responses
demonstrate an ethnocentric perspective by the nurse, viewing the treatments from the acupuncturist as inferior
to professional care.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 26
6. When providing an educational session about the Arab American population, which of the following
information would be included?
a. The largest group of Arab Americans was refugees in the 1960s.
b. The largest groups of Arab Americans are from Palestine and Iraq.
c. Members of the Arab American population are most likely to live in rural communities.
d. Members of the Arab American population are more likely to have college degrees than
Americans at large.
ANS: DMembers of the Arab American population are more likely to have college degrees (+45%) than Americans at
large (28%). About 94% of Arab Americans live in metropolitan areas. The largest groups of Arab Americans
are the Lebanese, Syrians, and Egyptians. Arab Americans came to the United States in three immigration
waves; the last occurred in the 1960s and consisted of many professionals, entrepreneurs, and skilled and
semiskilled laborers.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 27
7. A health care professional is caring for an Arab American individual. Which of the following cultural practices
of this ethnic minority should be considered when planning care?
a. This ethnic culture tends to be future oriented.
b. Religion plays an important role in this culture.
c. Traditional cultural practices are infrequently used during a health crisis.
d. Members of this culture tend to have smaller families.
ANS: B
Religion plays an important part in Arab culture, and there are dietary rules and prescribed rituals for praying
and washing. Arab Americans are present oriented and view the future as uncertain. During a health crisis, many
Arab Americans seek out their family, community, and traditional values and cultural practices. Arab American
families are, on average, larger than non–Arab American families.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 27
8. A health care professional is providing education to the parents of an Asian American child who has
recently been diagnosed with Type I diabetes. Which of the following actions should be taken by the health
care professional?
a. Provide instructions to the child‘s father.
b. Encourage the parents to bring other siblings into the clinic for screening.
c. Schedule multiple educational sessions for the child and family.
d. Watch for nonverbal gestures by the adults to indicate understanding.
ANS: A
In Asian American culture, the oldest male family member often is the decision maker and spokesperson.
Maintaining harmony is an important value in Asian cultures, and it is strongly emphasized to avoid conflict and
direct confrontation. As a result of this, Asian Americans may not show their disagreement with the
recommendations of health care professionals. Type I diabetes is not a common health problem experienced by
this minority, so it is probably not necessary to encourage screening for siblings. Additional educational sessions
may be necessary; however, Asian Americans tend to be more highly educated than any other population in the
United States.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 29
9. An Asian American family has recently immigrated to the United States. Which of the following would
provide an appropriate rationale when encouraging the family to send their child to school?
a. The child will get a good education.
b. According to law, all children must go to school.
c. The child can get health care at school.
d. Exposure to different cultures in school will enhance socialization.
ANS: D
Exposure to different cultures in school facilitates the adoption of other cultural beliefs and aids in the
socialization of the child into a new environment.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 29
10. Which of the following was the fastest-growing minority group in the United States between 2000 and 2010?a. Asian American
b. Arab American
c. Hispanic American
d. Native American
ANS: C
A 43% increase in the Hispanic population between 2000 and 2010 makes Hispanics the fastest-growing
minority group in the United States.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 31
11. The interrelationship of poverty and health care dollars spent by Blacks and other minorities is affected
greatly by:
a. lack of access to preventive health care services
b. low numbers of minority health care providers
c. use of emergency rooms for care
d. increased infant mortality rates in African American populations
ANS: A
A decrease in resources for preventive care leads to the use of emergency rooms and other more expensive health
care services that are often used as resources when severe illness occurs.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 32
12. A health care provider is working with an African American woman who has recently suffered a stroke and is
homebound. She insists that she must get out of the house and attend Sunday worship services. What is the most
likely explanation for her insisting that she participate in this cultural practice?
a. The church is the only place where prayer can be performed.
b. The church serves as a social support for its members.
c. The church is the place where the family meets on a weekly basis.
d. The church serves as a site for folk healing practices.
ANS: B
The church is significant support system many African Americans. It serves many purposes beyond worship and
formation, including serving as a place to meet where members could pass news, take care of business, and find
strength of purpose; providing direct social welfare services; acting as a stabilizing force in the community;
facilitating citizenship training and community social action; serving as a transmitter of cultural history; and
providing the means for coping and surviving in a hostile world. African Americans often find comfort in the
support their religious leader can give them, but it does not have to happen within the church. African Americans
believe in the healing power of prayer, but that can happen outside of the church as well. Family is the strongest
source of support for African Americans, and most meet more often than weekly at church.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 33
13. Which of the following ethnic groups has a disproportionately high death rate from unintentional injuries
and suicide?
a. American Indian/Alaska Native Americans
b. Asian Americans
c. Latino/Hispanic Americans
d. Black/African Americans
ANS: A
American Indian/Alaska Native Americans have disproportionately high death rates from unintentional injuries
and suicide. Difficult life situations and stresses of daily life contribute to an array of problems, including
feelings of hopelessness, desperation, family dissolution, and substance abuse.DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 34
14. A health care professional is offering an educational session about providing culturally congruent care. Which of
the following information would be included the presentation?
a. Hispanic Americans value keeping balance and harmony with the earth.
b. The oldest male is the decision maker in African American families.
c. Native Americans are present oriented, taking one day at a time.
d. The hot and cold concept of disease is part of the Asian American culture.
ANS: C
Native Americans are generally present oriented, emphasizing events that are occurring now rather than events
that will happen later. They take one day at a time and in times of illness they cope by hoping for improvements
the next day. Native Americans value keeping balance and harmony with the earth. The oldest male is the
decision maker and spokesperson in Asian American families. The hot and cold concept of disease is part of the
Hispanic culture.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 34
15. A family has recently become homeless. Which of the following factors most likely contributed to this situation?
a. Being from an ethnic minority background
b. Declining rates of poverty
c. Having multiple chronic illnesses
d. Being unable to find affordable housing
ANS: D
The inability to find affordable housing, decline in public assistance, poverty, and eroding work opportunities all
contribute to homelessness. The increasing prevalence of poverty has caused an increase in the homeless
population. Other factors that may affect this situation are lack of affordable health care, domestic violence,
mental illness, and addiction disorders.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 35
16. A health care professional is caring for an individual who is homeless. Which of the following
considerations should be made?
a. The prevalence of substance abuse is much lower among the homeless population than the
general population.
b. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS is much lower among the homeless population than the
general population.
c. The percentage of the population who has health insurance is much lower among the homeless
than the general population.
d. The percentage of the population who has limited access to medical care is much lower among
the homeless than the general population.
ANS: C
Most homeless people do not have health insurance or the ability to pay for needed health care, and many
providers refuse to deliver treatments to these people. The prevalence of substance abuse, HIV/AIDS, and mental
health disorders is higher among the homeless population than the general population.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 36
17. A health care professional is caring for an individual who is homeless and has recently been diagnosed with Type
II diabetes. Which of the following factors is the most important to consider when planning care?
a. Considering the cost of the purchasing medications
b. Determining the pharmacy where medications will be obtained
c. Obtaining insurance that will pay for the follow-up cared. Finding supportive housing for the individual
ANS: D
Research and practice have shown that permanent supportive housing works because housing is an essential
part of treatment; thus, this is the most important factor that should be considered. If supportive housing is
found, the stability will help the homeless individual to follow the prescribed medical regimen.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 36
18. A health care professional is leading a community action coalition to address the problem of homelessness
within the neighborhood. Which of the following statements would most likely be made by health care
professional?
a. Homelessness should be addressed by improving financial assistance programs.
b. Homelessness should be of concern to everyone in the neighborhood.
c. Homelessness should be addressed by encouraging job growth in the area.
d. Homelessness should be of concern to the mental health providers in the area.
ANS: B [Show Less]