resolute - ✔✔ determined (think of new years resolutions that you are determined to fufill)
germinate - ✔✔ sprout, seed, bud
congeal -
... [Show More] ✔✔ solidify, coagulate, harden
rudimentary - ✔✔ basic, opposite of advanced
dandy - ✔✔ someone who is elegant in dress or has manners
whimsical - ✔✔ playful, opposite of grim or grave
penitent - ✔✔ person who tends to regret
querulous - ✔✔ habitually whining person, tends to complain or argue over minor details
virtuouso - ✔✔ having great skill, opposite of incompetent
mutable - ✔✔ prone to change (think of a mutation or an abnormal change)
antediluvial - ✔✔ before a flood
diluvial - ✔✔ having to do with a flood
legislate - ✔✔ mandate throught the creation of laws
prattle - ✔✔ talk aimlessly or idly
erroneous - ✔✔ mistake (err-think error)
ominous - ✔✔ predicts or foreshadows disaster
unguent - ✔✔ ointment used to soothe or heal, opposite of irritant
orator - ✔✔ public speaker who needs to be able to articulate
exculpate - ✔✔ clear from blame
ravenous - ✔✔ extremely hungry
supplicant - ✔✔ humble begger has humility
maven - ✔✔ expert, has expertise
insidious - ✔✔ something that spreads harmfully in a subtle or stealthy manner
cede - ✔✔ yield, give up, transfer title to someone else
eschew - ✔✔ forbid, shun, abatain from, avoid it
proscribe - ✔✔ forbid or prohibit as harmful
percent increase formula - ✔✔ (change/original number) x 100%
circumfrence of a circle formula - ✔✔ 2 x pie x radius OR diameter x pie
commensal relationship - ✔✔ form of a symbiotic relationship, two organisms live in close association with each other. One benefits while the other is neither harms or benefites. +/0 relationship
polysome - ✔✔ cluster of ribosomes
notochord - ✔✔ a semi-rigid rod in the dorsal part of all chordates, this remains as a semi-rigid chord, although in highrt chordates it is seen only in the embryo and as a vestigial organ.
-a flexible material made out of similar material to cartilage. If a species has notochord it is by definition it is a chordate. Ex: fish, birds, mammals
enzymes - ✔✔ proteins, typically work best at pH7.2
electron transport chain - ✔✔ directly produces the pH gradient by pumping protons out of the mitochondrial matrix. the proton gradient is used to make ATP.
closed circuit - ✔✔ has continuity and allows current to flow in it
as you go from left to right across a period, what happens to electrons - ✔✔ electrons are added one at a time, the electrons of the outermost shell experience an increasing amount of nuclear attraction becoming closer and more tightly bound to the nucleus.
voltage drop - ✔✔ happens as current passes through a resistance, represents an energy loss, this energy is usually dissipated in the form of heat.
what temperature does water at sea level boil - ✔✔ 212F, 100C, 373K
logy - ✔✔ lethargic, lacking in energy or vitality, mental and physical slowness
gametes - ✔✔ sex cells (sperm and egg), humans have 23 chromosomes in each sex cell (made of 22 autosomes), 1n, haploid because they have half as many as regular human cells. In a regular cell (not sex cell) there is a total of 46 chromosomes in each cell or a set of 23.
regular cells - ✔✔ 2n, or diploid a set of 23 chromosomes or 46 chromosomes
sexual reproduction simplified - ✔✔ a sperm which is haploid (n) with 23 chromosomes combines with an egg which is also haploid (n) with 23 chromosomes to form a zygote (2n) which creates 46 chromosomes or diploid then it forms an embryo which turns into a fetus.
autosomes - ✔✔ In a diploid or 2n human cell there are 46 chromosomes. 2 sex cells (one from mom, one from dad) join with 44 autosomes (23 from mom 23 from dad). Mom and dad have identical cells called autosomes. *These are essentially chromosomes that both mom and dad posess that are not determinants of the zygotes gender (the sex cells do this).
Mom has 22 autosomes, and dad has 22 that each will donate.
In addition to the 22 chromsomes that mom and dad will both donate, 1 more chromosome has to be added to make 23 chromosomes in total This is the sex chromsome which determines the sex of the baby. These sex cells are not identical like autosomes because there is either an X chromsome or a Y chromsome that can be donated. Mom can donate only an X chromosome. Dad can donate either an X or a Y chromosome.
sporophytes and how they reproduce simplified - ✔✔ sporophyte is just another name for a plant. some sporophytes produce oversized ovaries which presents itself as a fruit. There is a remains of a flower on one end of it. If you cut into the ovary there are fertilized ovules or seeds. Inside of the seed is an embryo or fertilized egg. When we plant a seed we should be able to grow a sporophyte through mitosis. Many sporophytes produce a flower which is diploid (2n). Through meiosis sporophytes (2n) produce spores which are haploid (n). One cell in the sporangia undergoes meiosis. At the end we get 4 haploid cells or two diploid cells. A bunch of haploid cells create a gametophyte. Some of these gametophytes differentiate into gametes. When a grain of pollen reaches the entrance of an ovary, it releases the sperm that fertilizes the egg and creates a zygote or egg. The zygote/egg develops by mitosis into an embyro within an ovule/seed which is inside of an ovary that starts the process all over again. [Show Less]