List three effects of inflammatory mediators - ANS Diaphoresis, glycogeonolysis,
bronchodilation, increased: HR, contractility, automasticity,
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Describe the technique for inserting IO into distal femur - ANS Anterior midline above the
external epicondyles, 1 - 3cm above the femoral plateau; the knee slightly flexed and the hip
externally rotated and flexed
Describe the technique for inserting IO into distal tibia - ANS just proximal to the medial
malleolus
Describe the technique for inserting IO into humerus - ANS Directly above the greater
tuberosity
Describe the technique for inserting IO into proximal tibia - ANS 2cm distal and slightly medial
to the tibial tuberosity
Recognize adequate fluid resuscitation using four end points to resuscitation - ANS Traditional -
Vital signs, urinary output (>0.5mg/kg/hr), Mental status
Invasive hemodynamic monitoring - Central Venous Pressure (normal 2-6mmHg), Pulmonary
wedge pressure (8-10mmHg), Cardiac Index (2.5 - 4.0L/minute/m^2), Delivery of oxygen (DO2)
(500-600mL O2/min/m^2)
Metabolic parameters - Lactate (>4 is severe), Base Deficit (>6mmol/L indicates severe injury)
Treatment for neurogenic shock - ANS 1 -2 L bolus (often insufficient and may cause pulmonary
edema)
Vasopressors (Epi, Norepi, dopamine, phenylephrine, or vasopressin)
MAP 85-90mmHg
Atropine
respiratory support as needed
List 6 effects that a state of crisis may have on a trauma patient - ANS Disruption of family
Depression
Failure to return to pre-event life
Economic problems
Social isolation
Decreased pleasure in activities
PTSD
Treatment goals for patients with PTSD - ANS Restore sense of control
Diminish power of the traumatic event
Reduce chronic hyperarousal
Reduce feelings of guilt/self-blame
Restore sense of equilibrium
List three patient dispositions allowed by COBA/EMTALA legislation - ANS Admission to the
facility
Stabilizing care, followed by transfer to qualified facility
Treated and discharged
What is the performance improvement loop? - ANS Identify the outcomes
Determine plan
Measure progress
Describe quantitative research - ANS A deductive process that utilizes numeric findings
examples: randomized controlled trials, cohort studies
Describe qualitative research - ANS an inductive process where words are used to give meaning
to data, involves interactions between researcher and the subject. examples: data collected by
observation, questionnaires, or interviews, data is reported using words as opposed to numbers
Five ethical principals utilized in trauma care - ANS Autonomy
Beneficence
Non-malficence
Veracity (honesty)
Justice
List three complications associated with a contusion and/or hematoma - ANS Compartment
syndrome
Risk for infection
Risk of hypovolemia
The four interventions used to control hemorrhage in amputations - ANS Direct pressure
Pressure point
Elevation
Tourniquet
Describe primary wound closure - ANS Immediate wound closure
Describe secondary wound closure - ANS Allowed to close on own over time (for clean wounds
with significant tissue loss) [Show Less]