1. The mineral present in the body in the greatest amount is
a. sodium.
b. calcium.
c. iron.
d. chloride.
ANS: B
Calcium is present in the greatest
... [Show More] amount in the body and functions in bone and teeth formation, blood clotting, muscle and nerve action, and metabolic reactions.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 110 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
2. The factors most responsible for regulating calcium absorption from food are
a. activity and diet.
b. dietary intake and vitamin D hormone.
c. metabolic rate and cardiovascular function.
d. vitamin D hormone, calcitonin, and parathyroid hormone.
ANS: D
The absorption of dietary calcium depends on the interaction of three hormones—vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and calcitonin that directly control absorption along with indirect metabolic stimuli from the estrogen hormones.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 111 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
3. Binding agents such as oxalic acid and phytic acid inhibit absorption of
a. potassium.
b. sodium.
c. sulfur.
d. calcium.
ANS: D
Oxalic acid is a compound found in some plants, such as spinach, rhubarb, Swiss chard, beet greens, and certain other vegetables and nuts, that form insoluble salts with calcium, called oxalates.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 114 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
4. The person most at risk for developing osteoporosis is a
a. 25-year-old woman who plays tennis three times a week.
b. 35-year-old woman who has sustained multiple trauma and is bedridden.
c. 55-year-old woman who exercises three times a week and consumes adequate milk and dairy products at least three times a day.
d. 14-year-old girl who runs track and drink four glasses of milk daily.
ANS: B
Osteoporosis is not a primary calcium deficiency disease, but it does result from a combination of factors that create chronic calcium deficiency. These factors include inadequate intake, poor intestinal absorption connected with hormones controlling calcium absorption and metabolism, and lack of exercise that stimulates muscle insertion action on bones and determines the strength, shape, and mass of bone. The 35-year-old woman who is bedridden is at a higher risk for osteoporosis than the others who are active.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 113 TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation | NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential
5. An example of a food that is a good source of calcium is
a. kidney beans.
b. whole-grain bread.
c. yogurt.
d. spinach.
ANS: C
Good sources of calcium include milk and milk products, including cheese, yogurt, and ice cream.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: pp. 113-114 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation | NCLEX: Health Promotion and
Maintenance
6. An example of a breakfast high in calcium is
a. scrambled eggs and toast.
b. pancakes and syrup.
c. sausage biscuit.
d. cereal and milk.
ANS: D
Cereal and milk provide good sources of calcium because calcium-rich foods include milk and milk products.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: pp. 113-114 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
7. The functions of energy metabolism and acid-base balance are regulated by
a. sodium.
b. iron.
c. potassium.
d. phosphorus.
ANS: D
The functions of phosphorus include bone and teeth formation, energy metabolism, and acid-base balance.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 121 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
8. Two foods that are good sources of nutrients most important in bone formation are
a. margarine and apples.
b. milk and yogurt.
c. bread and red meat.
d. cereal and yogurt.
ANS: B
Milk and yogurt are good sources of calcium and phosphorus, which both play a role in bone formation.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 113 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
9. An important function of sodium is
a. energy metabolism.
b. water balance.
c. tooth formation.
d. nerve conduction.
ANS: B
Sodium functions in water balance, acid-base balance, muscle action, and nutrient absorption.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 116 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
10. Most of the body’s sodium is found in
a. plasma.
b. water outside the cells.
c. water inside the cells.
d. cerebrospinal fluid.
ANS: B
Sodium is the major guardian of the body’s water outside the cell (extracellular), which helps prevent dehydration.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: pp. 116-117 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
11. Processed foods supply a large percent of what mineral?
a. Manganese
b. Magnesium
c. Sodium
d. Iron
ANS: C
Food manufacturers add significant amounts of salt and other sodium compounds to processed foods.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: pp. 116-117 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation [Show Less]