1. What is a nutrient that does not provide energy for the body?
a. A carbohydrate
b. A protein
c. A vitamin
d. Fat
ANS: C
The energy nutrients are
... [Show More] carbohydrate, fat, and protein.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 72 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
2. Energy is lost from the body as
a. heat.
b. urine.
c. sweat.
d. fat.
ANS: A
Energy is lost from the body as heat when the internal energy cycle changes stored energy into body fuels, which the body uses for various functions. As the cycle continues, water is excreted, carbon dioxide is exhaled, and heat is radiated returning the end products to the external environment.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: pp. 72-73 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
3. The unit of measurement used to refer to the amount of energy in food is the
a. watt.
b. kilogram.
c. milligram.
d. kilocalorie.
ANS: D
The kilocalorie is the unit of measure used to measure the amount of energy in food and is the amount of heat necessary to raise 1 kg of water 1° C.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 72 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
4. The total number of kilocalories in a snack that contains 10 g carbohydrate, 2 g protein, and 5 g fat is kcal.
a. 17
b. 68
c. 93
d. 153
ANS: C
The calculations are as follows:
10 g carbohydrate 4 kcal/g = 40 kcal
2 g protein 4 kcal/g = 8 kcal
5 g fat 9 kcal/g = 45 kcal
Total calories = 40 kcal + 8 kcal + 45 kcal = 93 kcal
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 72 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
5. Which of the following represents an external energy cycle?
a. The moon
b. Growing plants
c. Crystals
d. Metabolism
ANS: B
The external energy cycle includes plants, which transform energy from the sun into stored chemical energy.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 72 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
6. After foods are eaten, they are converted into which of the following body fuels?
a. Amino acids and fatty acids
b. Fatty acids and glucose
c. Glucose and triglycerides
d. Glycogen and glucose
ANS: B
After foods are eaten, they are converted into fatty acids and glucose, both of which are used as fuel for the body.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 72 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
7. The metabolic rate would increase significantly with a body temperature of
a. 97.4 F.
b. 98.4 F.
c. 98.6 F.
d. 101.2 F.
ANS: D
Fever increases the basal metabolic rate by approximately 7% for each 1° F rise in temperature. Normal body temperature is 98.4° F or 98.6° F; 101.2° F would be high enough to cause a significant increase in the metabolic rate.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 73 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
8. The amount of energy the body needs to maintain life while at digestive, physical, and emotional rest is called
a. the basal metabolic rate.
b. indirect calorimetry.
c. the respiratory quotient.
d. total energy expenditure.
ANS: A
The basal metabolic rate is measured and determined when an individual is at complete digestive, physical, and emotional rest.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 73 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
9. Metabolically active tissues in the body include
a. the heart, kidneys, and liver.
b. the brain, nerves, and hair.
c. the liver, kidney, fingernails, and toenails.
d. all body tissues.
ANS: A
The majority of energy is used by small but highly active tissues, including the liver, brain, heart, and kidneys. These organs account for less than 5% of the total body weight but 60% to 75% of basal metabolic needs.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 73 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
10. Indirect calorimetry is used to measure
a. basal or resting energy expenditure.
b. the thermic effect of food.
c. energy expended in physical activity.
d. body mass index
ANS: A
Indirect calorimetry measures the amount of energy a person uses while at rest. A portable metabolic cart allows the person to breathe into an attached mouthpiece or ventilated hood system while lying in bed, and the normal exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide is measured. The metabolic rate can be determined from the rate of oxygen utilization.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: pp. 73-74 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
11. The term for the effect of food intake on the metabolic rate is
a. the thermic effect of food.
b. the resting metabolic rate.
c. the total energy requirement.
d. indirect calorimetry.
ANS: A
Once food is eaten, it stimulates metabolism and requires extra energy for digestion, absorption, and transport of the nutrients to the cells. This stimulation is referred to as the thermic effect of food.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 73 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
12. The sum of basal metabolism, energy expended in physical activity, and the thermic effect of food is known as
a. the metabolic rate.
b. energy intake.
c. basal energy needs.
d. the total energy requirement.
ANS: D
Together, basal metabolism, physical activities, and the thermic effect of food make up the total energy requirement.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 77 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
13. When energy intake exceeds energy expenditure, the result can be
a. anorexia.
b. malnutrition.
c. weight gain.
d. hyperactivity.
ANS: C
When energy intake exceeds energy expenditure, weight gain may result. Excess intake without expenditure results in excess storage of energy as body fat.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 77 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
14. An activity that results in increased energy expenditure is
a. cleaning the house.
b. balancing a checkbook.
c. experiencing emotional stress.
d. playing video games.
ANS: A
Different kilocalorie expenditures occur with different types of activities. In this case, cleaning the house requires muscular work and so uses more energy than the other activities. Mental exertion has no effect on energy needs.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: pp. 77-79 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
15. The thermic effect of food refers to the fact that
a. all nutrients contain calories.
b. certain foods are more stimulating than others to the gastrointestinal tract.
c. the presence of food in the stomach starts the process of digestion.
d. the process of digestion, absorption, and metabolism of food requires energy.
ANS: D
Once food is eaten, it stimulates metabolism and requires extra energy for digestion, absorption, and transport of the nutrients to the cells. This stimulation is referred to as the thermic effect of food.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 77 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
16. The body’s sources of stored energy include
a. glucose.
b. adipose tissue.
c. undigested food.
d. bone.
ANS: B
Adipose tissue stores energy until required by the body.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 73 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
17. The basal metabolic rate is controlled by the hormone
a. cortisol.
b. growth hormone.
c. thyroxine.
d. insulin.
ANS: C
The hormone thyroxine controls the metabolic rate in the body. The thyroid function test can assess metabolism by measuring the activity of the gland and the blood levels of its hormone, thyroxine.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 74 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
18. The first source of stored energy to be used during a period of fasting is
a. amino acids.
b. glycogen.
c. adipose tissue.
d. glucose.
ANS: B
A 12- to 48-hour reserve of glycogen exists in the liver and muscle and is quickly depleted if not replenished by daily food intake. Adipose tissue is used for energy after glycogen stores are used, followed by the breakdown of muscle mass in extreme cases of fasting or starvation.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 73 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
19. Which of the following foods has the greatest caloric density?
a. A banana [Show Less]