Summary LPC Notes Advanced Commercial Litigation
Revision notes (Distinction) 2022
Summary LPC Notes Advanced Commercial Litigation
Revision notes
... [Show More] (Distinction) 2022
Contents
Logic .............................................................................................................................. 8
Express Terms – Identification (1)............................................................................ 8
By Signature ................................................................................................................. 8
I – THE EFFECT OF SIGNATURE .................................................................... 8
L‟Estrange v F Graucob Ltd [1934] 2 KB 394.................................................... 8
II – EXCEPTIONS TO THE SIGNATURE RULE .......................................... 9
Curtis v Chemical Cleaning & Dyeing [1951] 1 KB 805 .............................. 10
Toll (FGCT) v Alphapharm (2004) 219 CLR 165..............................................11
III – CRITICISM OF THE RULE ...................................................................13
By Notice................................................................................................................. 13
I – TIMING.................................................................................................................... 14
Oceanic Sun Line Special Shipping Company v Fay (1988) 165 CLR 197. 14
II – KNOWLEDGE/NOTICE..................................................................................16
Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking [1971] 2 QB 163 .............................................17
III – UNUSUAL TERMS .................................................................................... 19
Baltic Shipping Co v Dillon (“The Mikhail Lermontov”) (1991) 22 NSWLR
1 .......................................................................................................................... 20
By Course of Dealing ........................................................................................... 21
Rinaldi & Patroni v Precision Mouldings (1986) WAR 131 ............................22
Balmain New Ferry v Robertson (1906) 4 CLR 379........................................23
Express Terms – Identification (2)...........................................................................24
Parol Evidence Rule............................................................................................. 24
I – DETERMINING WHETHER A CONTRACT IS WHOLLY WRITTEN. 24
State Rail Authority of NSW v Heath Outdoor (1986) 7 NSWLR 170 .........25
II – EXCEPTIONS TO THE PAROL EVIDENCE RULE ..............................27
Hoyt‟s v Spencer (1919) 27 CLR 133............................................................. 28
Saleh v Romanous [2010] NSWCA 274 ............................................................... 29
III – PRE-CONTRACTUAL STATEMENTS.................................................... 31
Equuscorp v Glengallan Investments (2004) 218 CLR 271 ...........................33
JJ Savage & Sons v Blakney (1970) 119 CLR 435............................................34
Oscar Chess v Williams [1957] 1 WLR 370.......................................................35
P a g e 2 | 264
Summary LPC Notes Advanced Commercial Litigation
Revision notes (Distinction) 2022
Dick Bentley Productions v Harold Smith (Motors) [1965] 2 All ER 65......36
P a g e 3 | 264
Summary LPC Notes Advanced Commercial Litigation
Revision notes (Distinction) 2022
Express Terms – Construction...................................................................................37
Principles of Construction ................................................................................. 37
Parol Evidence Rule............................................................................................. 38
I – SURROUNDING CIRCUMSTANCES ....................................................... 38
Western Export Services v Jireh International [2011] HCA 45.....................39
Electricity Generation Corporation v Woodside Energy Ltd (2014) 251
CLR 640..................................................................................................................41
Mount Bruce Mining Pty Ltd v Wright Prospecting Pty Ltd [2015] HCA 37
.................................................................................................................................................41
II – APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLES ............................................................. 44
Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust v South Sydney City Council
(2002) 240 CLR 45................................................................................................44
Pacific Carriers v BNP Paribas (2004) 218 CLR 451 ......................................46
Exemption Clauses.....................................................................................................48
III – CONTRA PREFERENTUM ...................................................................... 48
Darlington Futures v Delco Aust (1986) 161 CLR 500...................................48
IV – NEGLIGENCE .................................................................................................50
Davis v Pearce Parking Station (1954) 91 CLR 642........................................50
V – FOUR CORNERS ......................................................................................... 52
Thomas National Transport (Melbourne) Pty Ltd v May & Baker
(Australia) Pty Ltd (1966) 115 CLR 353............................................................52
Implied Terms ................................................................................................................53
Implied In Fact...................................................................................................... 54
Byrne v Australian Airlines; Frew v Australian Airlines (1995) 185 CLR
410 ...........................................................................................................................56
Codelfa Construction v State Rail Authority of NSW (1982) 149 CLR 337 59
Implied In Law ...................................................................................................... 61
University of Western Australia v Gray (2009) 179 FCR 346........................61
Implied From Custom.......................................................................................... 63
Con-Stan Industries of Aust v Norwich Winterthur Ins (Aust) (1986) 160
CLR 226 ..................................................................................................................63
Australian Consumer Law (ACL).......................................................................... 64
Overview of ACL Provisions....................................................................................64
INTRODUCTION TO ACL ................................................................................. 64
CHAPTER 2 – GENERAL PROTECTIONS ..................................................... 65
Part 2 – 1: Misleading or Deceptive Conduct (ss 18-19) .......................65
P a g e 4 | 264
Summary LPC Notes Advanced Commercial Litigation
Revision notes (Distinction) 2022
Part 2 – 2: Unconscionable Conduct (ss 20-22)..................................... 65
Part 2 – 3: Unfair contract terms (ss 23-28) .......................................... 66
CHAPTER 3 – SPECIFIC PROTECTIONS...................................................... 69
Part 3 – 1: Unfair practices (ss 29-38).........................................................69
Part 3 – 2: Consumer Transactions (ss 51-68)....................................... 69
CHAPTER 5 – ENFORCEMENT AND REMEDIES (ss 218-287).............. 71
Standard Form Contracting............................................................................... 73
I – INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................. 73
II – COSTS AND BENEFITS OF STANDARD FORM CONTRACTS ........73
III – THE ROLE OF COMPETITION.............................................................. 74
IV – MARKET FAILURE AND SOCIAL FORCES ........................................75
Frustration.......................................................................................................................76
Introduction to Frustration ............................................................................... 76
I – THE TEST FOR FRUSTRATION ............................................................... 76
II – OTHER TESTS PROVIDED IN EARLIER THEORIES........................77
Taylor v Caldwell [1863] EWHC QB J1..............................................................77
Krell v Henry [1903] 2 KB 740............................................................................79
Brisbane City Council v Group Projects (1979) 145 CLR 143 .......................81
Limitations and Consequences ......................................................................... 84
I – LIMITATIONS ....................................................................................................... 84
II – CONSEQUENCES............................................................................................85
Termination.....................................................................................................................85
By Agreement..............................................................................................................85
I – ORIGINAL AGREEMENT ........................................................................... 85
II – SUBSEQUENT AGREEMENT .................................................................. 86
By Failure of Contingent Condition ..............................................................87
I – FOUR CATEGORIES OF CC.....................................................................88
II – THE DUTY TO CO-OPERATE................................................................... 89
III – CONSEQUENCES OF NON-FULFILMENT ......................................... 91
IV – RESTICTIONS ON RIGHT TO TERMINATE FOR NONFULFILMENT OF CONDITION ....................................................................95
By Breach .....................................................................................................................96
I – WHAT CONSTITUTES BREACH OF CONTRACT?............................... 96
II – TERMINATION FOR BREACH OF A CONDITION............................. 97
P a g e 5 | 264
Summary LPC Notes Advanced Commercial Litigation
Revision notes (Distinction) 2022
Tramways Advertising v Luna Park (1938) 61 CLR 286.................................98
Associated Newspapers v Bancks (1951) 83 CLR 322..................................101
III – TERMINATION FOR BREACH OF AN INTERMEDIATE TERM ...103
Hongkong Fir Shipping Co v Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha [1962] 2 QB 26 ......103
Ankar v National Westminster Finance (Aust) (1987) 162 CLR 549..........105
Koompahtoo Local Aboriginal Land Council v Sanpine (2007) 233 CLR 115
............................................................................................................................................... 106
By Repudiation .........................................................................................................107
I – THE ABSENCE OF WILLINGNESS OR ABILITY............................... 110
II – ILLUSTRATIVE CASES.............................................................................111
Carr v JA Berriman (1953) 89 CLR 327............................................................. 111
Progressive Mailing House v Tabali (1985) 157 CLR 17 ............................112
Maple Flock v Universal Furniture Products (Wembley) [1934] 1 KB 148
...............................................................................................................................................114
DTR Nominees v Mona Homes (1978) 138 CLR 423....................................114
By Delay ......................................................................................................................116
I – WHERE TIME IS OF THE ESSENCE ................................................... 116
II – WHERE TIME IS NOT OF THE ESSENCE ........................................ 117
Louinder v Leis (1982) 149 CLR 509...............................................................119
Laurinda v Capalaba Park Shopping Centre (1989) 166 CLR 623 .............120
Restrictions on Termination................................................................................121
Ready and Willing....................................................................................................121
Foran v Wight (1989) 168 CLR 385 .................................................................122
Election........................................................................................................................124
I – GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF ELECTION .............................................. 124
Tropical Traders v Goonan (1964) 111 CLR 41..............................................126
Immer (No 145) v Uniting Church in Australia Property Trust (NSW)
(1993) 182 CLR 26 ..............................................................................................128
II – AFFIRMATION.................................................................................................. 129
Consequences for Aggrieved Party ..........................................................129
Consequences for Breaching Party..........................................................130
Bowes v Chaleyer (1923) 32 CLR 159 .............................................................131
III – TERMINATION................................................................................................ 132
Consequences for Aggrieved Party ..........................................................132
Consequences for Breaching Party..........................................................133
P a g e 6 | 264
Summary LPC Notes Advanced Commercial Litigation
Revision notes (Distinction) 2022
IV – RIGHT TO CURE A BREACH.................................................................133
Estoppel.......................................................................................................................133
Waiver .............................................................................................................................. 133
Agricultural and Rural Finance Pty Ltd v Gardiner (2008) 238 CLR 570.134
Relief against Forfeiture...................................................................................134
I – UNCONSCIENTIOUS EXERCISE OF LEGAL RIGHTS........................135
Legione v Hateley (1983) 152 CLR 406 .........................................................136
Stern v McArthur (1988) 165 CLR 489..........................................................137
Tanwar Enterprises Pty Ltd v Cauchi (2003) 217 CLR 315........................138
Heads of Damage.........................................................................................................139
Compensation Principle.........................................................................................139
Expectation Damages..............................................................................................140
I – GENERAL PRINCIPLES ..............................................................................140
II – DAMAGES FOR BREACH OF OBLIGATION TO RECTIFY/REPAIR
...................................................................................................................................................141
Bellgrove v Eldridge (1954) 90 CLR 613........................................................141
Tabcorp Holdings v Bowen Investments (2009) 236 CLR 272..................142
Reliance Damages....................................................................................................144
I – GENERAL PRINCIPLES ..............................................................................144
Commonwealth v Amann Aviation (1991) 174 CLR 64 ...............................145
Loss of Chance Damages...................................................................................146
Howe v Teefy (1927) 27 SR (NSW) 301 .........................................................147
Gains-Based Damages.............................................................................................148
Limits on Damages ................................................................................................148
Causation and Remoteness .................... [Show Less]