VOCABULARY
Define the following terms and use them in sentences.
Nursing process
Definition:
Sentence:
Critical
... [Show More] thinking
Definition:
Sentence:
Assessment
Definition:
Sentence:
Objective data
Definition:
Sentence:
Subjective data
Definition:
Sentence:
Nursing diagnosis
Definition:
Sentence:
Evaluation
Definition:
Sentence:
Vigilance
Definition:
Sentence:
SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE DATA
Identify the following data as subjective (symptom) or
objective (sign).
1. Pain
2. Shortness of breath
3. Edema (swelling)
4. Capillary refill 2 seconds
5. Nausea
6. Vomiting
7. Dizziness
8. Cyanosis
9. Numbness
10. Indigestion
11. Pale
12. Serum potassium 3.6 mEq/L
13. Palpitations (feeling of racing heart)
14. Blood pressure 130/82 mm Hg
15. White blood cell count 7000/mm3
CRITICAL THINKING
Sometimes cognitive maps are used to organize thinking. Look
at samples in any of the Function and Assessment chapters
under Aging Changes. Some of the workbook chapters will ask
you to make a cognitive map, so here is an opportunity to practice. Consider a time when you have had a headache or other
discomfort. Fill in the spaces with information related to the
WHAT’S UP? questions. See Chapter 1 Answers for one patient’s responses. Once you have the questions answered, you
could go even further and make links with possible interventions. There is no one right way to make a cognitive map—use
your imagination!
Chapter 1 Critical Thinking and the Nursing Process 3
Patient's
perception
Where is it?
Useful other
data
Quality
Severity Timing
Aggravating and
alleviating factors
Headache
Choose the best answer unless directed otherwise.
1. Which one of the following is a nursing diagnosis?
1. Peptic ulcer
2. Pneumonia
3. Ineffective airway clearance
4. Myocardial infarction
2. Which one of the following is a medical diagnosis?
1. Hiatal hernia
2. Impaired mobility
3. Powerlessness
4. Anxiety
3. An LPN wishes to learn why a patient’s lung sounds
have crackles and questions the physician during morning rounds. Which critical thinking attitude is the nurse
exhibiting?
1. Intellectual humility
2. Intellectual sense of justice
3. Intellectual empathy
4. Intellectual integrity
REVIEW QUESTIONS—CONTENT REVIEW
4. The LVN is caring for a patient with diabetes. In what
order should the nurse carry out the nursing process?
Place all steps in correct sequential order.
1. Implement plan of care
2. Assist with evaluation
3. Collect data
4. Assist with development of nursing diagnoses
5. Assist with planning of outcomes and interventions
5. Which of the following statements best defines critical
thinking?
1. Orderly, goal-directed thinking
2. Clear thinking during critical situations
3. Constructive feedback about nursing actions
4. Critical evaluation of patient responses to care
4 UNIT ONE UNIT ONE Understanding Health Care Issues
Choose the best answer unless directed otherwise.
6. The LPN is reviewing the nursing care plan for a patient
with acute pain related to a fractured ankle. Which of
the following would determine whether the care plan is
effective?
1. Assessment of the patient’s ability to walk
2. Evaluation of the patient’s fracture on X-ray
3. Elevating the patient’s foot on two pillows
4. Evaluation of the patient’s pain rating on a
10-point scale.
7. A patient with a history of cardiac disease reports a feeling of tightness in the chest that radiates down the left
arm. Which of the following actions by the LPN should
be carried out immediately?
1. Check the patient’s vital signs.
2. Formulate nursing diagnoses related to an acute
myocardial infarction.
3. Determine the patient’s outcome after nitroglycerin
has been administered.
4. Plan interventions to reduce long-term cardiac
damage.
8. The LPN is documenting patient data. Which of the following should the nurse document under objective data?
1. Denies nausea
2. Shortness of breath
3. Heart rate 72 beats per minute
4. Midsternal chest pain
9. A patient is admitted with chest pain, which has resolved. The patient states, “I hope I can live a normal
life.” According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs,
which of the following levels is best reflected by
this statement?
1. Physiological needs
2. Safety and security
3. Love and belonging
4. Self-esteem
10. A patient has a nursing diagnosis of impaired swallowing related to muscle weakness as evidenced by drooling, coughing, and choking. Which of the following
outcomes is appropriate for this patient’s nursing
diagnosis?
1. Improved airway clearance within 8 hours as evidenced by clear lung sounds and productive cough
2. Baseline body weight maintained as evidenced by
no weight loss
3. Improved muscle strength as evidenced by ability to
sit up while eating
4. Improved swallowing within 48 hours as evidenced
by no coughing or choking
11. The LPN is providing care for a patient with a medical
diagnosis of congestive heart failure who is very short
of breath. Which of the following is a nursing diagnosis that is correctly stated in the PES (problem, etiology,
and signs and symptoms) format?
1. Deficient knowledge related to disease process and
self-care for shortness of breath
2. Impaired gas exchange related to excess interstitial
fluid as evidenced by respiratory rate of 32 per
minute and patient stating he feels short of breath
3. Congestive heart failure related to decreased cardiac
output as evidenced by abnormal arterial blood
gasses
4. Acute dyspnea related to congestive heart failure
as evidenced by swollen lower extremities and
confusion.
REVIEW QUESTIONS—TEST PREPARATION
5
Evidence-Based Practice 2
VOCABULARY
Define the following terms.
1.Evidence-based practice
2. Randomized controlled trials
3.Research
4.Systematic review
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
1. Evidence is the of effectiveness behind
nursing practice.
2. It is important for the in which the evidence
will be used to be considered.
3. Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a complex but important, necessary process to facilitate care
and optimal patient outcomes.
4. Evidence-based practice is used by nurses to give the
best possible.
5. Level I is the evidence and is an analysis
of many controlled trials.
6. Nurses will know from measured that they
are giving the best care possible.
7. Evidence-based practice is considered the
standard of health care.
8. The Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)
project focuses on education that promotes
the continual improvement of quality and safety in
patient care.
9. Patient-centered care meets the needs and
preferred schedules.
10. Evidence is the core that directs safe,
quality-driven, excellent patient care.
CRITICAL THINKING
Read the following case study and answer the questions.
Nurses on a surgical unit were interested in knowing if music
would reduce the preoperative anxiety of patients on their unit.
1. How are these nurses contributing to quality care?
2. What should the nurses do to begin the process?
3. What are some examples of resources that can be used
to find evidence?
6 UNIT ONE UNIT ONE Understanding Health Care Issues
5. The planned intervention was implemented, data were
collected during the implementation, and now the pilot
study has ended. What step should the nurses take next?
4. The nurses found Level I research studies that showed
music therapy could be beneficial in reducing anxiety.
What step should the nurses take next?
Choose the best answer unless directed otherwise.
1. Which of the following is considered significant
evidence to guide nursing care?
1. Research studies that are quasi-experimental
2. Cochrane Reviews
3. Nursing information from the Internet
4. The opinion of a nationally known nursing expert
2. A nurse would like to find other studies on wound
care that might be relevant to how wound care is done.
Which of the following would be the best for searching
for nursing articles on wound care?
1. CINAHL
2. Medline
3. Cochrane Review
4. PubMed
3. A nurse on the safety committee is assigned to review
the current National Patient Safety Goals. In which
of these ways will the nurse find the goals?
1. Review Joanna Briggs Best Practices.
2. Review a fundamentals nursing textbook.
3. Go to www.jointcommission.org.
4. Search Cochrane Reviews.
4. Which of the following best describes a randomized
clinical trial (RCT)?
1. An observational study designed to collect subjective
data
2. An experimental study in which multiple factors
affecting the results are controlled
3. A specific design categorizing modifiable and
nonmodifiable risk factors
4. Tracking of disease occurrence over a set period
of time
5. Evidence-based practice most often begins with which
of the following?
1. Asking how to solve a clinical problem
2. Initiating a literature search
3. Analyzing available evidence
4. Measuring baseline outcomes
REVIEW QUESTIONS—CONTENT REVIEW
Choose the best answer unless directed otherwise.
6. The nurse is reviewing the patient’s plan of care and
ordered treatments. Which of the following is an independent nursing intervention? Select all that apply.
1. Giving Tylenol 650 milligrams orally every 4 hours
as needed (prn)
2. Assisting patient to position of comfort
3. Giving hand massage daily
4. Initiating high-risk fall protocol
5. Placing call button within reach at all times
6. Teaching deep breathing and relaxation techniques
as needed
7. A nurse on the research committee is assigned to review
the best evidence on patient centered bathing. Which of
the following kinds of evidence would the nurse select
for Level I research? Select all that apply.
1. A Cochrane review
2. One RCT
3. Four quasi-experimental studies that show similar
results
4. The opinion of a national nursing expert on the
subject
5. A Joanna Briggs Best Practice Review
REVIEW QUESTIONS—TEST PREPARA [Show Less]