Question 1
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According to current scientific thinking, true multicellular organisms
Select
... [Show More] one:
a. cannot be traced to any existing or fossil intermediate stages; thus, there is no current scientific
theory for the process that generated multicellular organisms from unicellular ancestors
b. descend from several different kinds of unicellular protists, which became multicellular through
specialization and cooperation among cells within a colony
c. are all descended from a single colonial protist ancestor
d. formed through the fusion of several separate species of unicellular protists, who carried out
different complementary functions within the evolving organism
Question 2
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The ________ are heterotrophic protists; ________ are photoautotrophic protists. 29) ______
Select one:
a. Protozoans, plants
b. Parasites, protozoans
c. Protozoans, algae
d. Mixotrophs, protozoans
Question 3
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Rod shaped bacteria are called
Select one:
a. cocci
b. spirochetes
c. bacilli
d. vibrios
Question 4
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Eukaryotes are ________ prokaryotes.
Select one:
a. more ancient than
b. more numerous than
c. dependent upon
d. more widespread than
Question 5
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There is a good chance you will eat carrageenan today and that you will eat nori at some point in
your life, if you haven't already. In either case, you will be eating a product of
Select one:
a. brown algae
b. green algae
c. diatoms
d. red algae
Question 6
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Cyanobacteria
Select one:
a. are prokaryotes with plantlike oxygen generating photosynthesis
b. are eukaryotes and are the earliest type of algae
c. are chemoautotrophs
d. are photosynthetic archaea
Question 7
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Intestinal gas is evidence of active ________ in ones digestive tract.
Select one:
a. thermophilesb. halophiles
c. methanogens
d. yeast cultures
Question 8
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The term for a close association between organisms of two or more species is
Select one:
a. associative living
b. symbiosis
c. colonialism
d. interdependence
Question 9
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An unknown bacterial species is recovered from a sick patients digestive tract. It has a membrane
outside the cell wall that contains toxic lipids. This observation indicates
Select one:
a. that the infection should be relatively easy to control with common antibiotics, because the
pathogen is a gram negative species
b. that the infection may be quite threatening and difficult to control, because the pathogen is a gram
negative speciesc. that the infection may be quite threatening and difficult to control, because the pathogen is a gram
positive species
d. that the infection should be relatively easy to control with common antibiotics, because the
pathogen is a gram positive species
Question 10
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Unlike archaean and eukaryote cell walls, bacterial cell walls contain a unique substance called
Select one:
a. glycogen
b. cellulose
c. phospholipid
d. peptidoglycan
Question 11
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Which of the following causes food poisoning and typhoid fever?
Select one:
a. Clostridium botulinum
b. Salmonella
c. E. coli
d. Bacillus anthracis
Question 12Correct
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Which of the following groups include organisms that are a key source of food in all aquatic
environments and whose fossilized forms are used as a filter and as a grinding and polishing agent?
Select one:
a. amoebas
b. diatoms
c. brown algae
d. dinoflagellates
Question 13
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Which two groups of protists produce hard mineralized skeletal structures or cell walls that contribute
to marine sediments and form fossils?
Select one:
a. cellular slime molds and water molds
b. green algae and brown algae
c. foraminiferans and radiolarians
d. dinoflagellates and diatoms
Question 14
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Plasmodial slime molds
Select one:
a. are marine decomposers
b. contain many nuclei in one mass of cytoplasm
c. are primitive fungi
d. are photoautotrophic
Question 15
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In secondary endosymbiosis, a ________ became endosymbiotic in a ________.
Select one:
a. autotrophic eukaryotic protist, heterotrophic eukaryotic protist
b. autotrophic prokaryote, heterotrophic eukaryotic protist
c. heterotrophic prokaryote, autotrophic eukaryotic protist
d. heterotrophic eukaryotic protist, autotrophic heterotrophic protist
Question 16
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Which of the following statements about archaea is false?
Select one:
a. Some archaea are adapted to extreme environments such as extremely salty or extremely hot
habitats
b. Archaea are abundant in the oceans
c. Some archaea have mitochondria like those of eukaryotic cells
d. Some archaea live in the digestive tracts of cattle
Question 17
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Chemoautotrophic bacteria obtain their carbon from ________ and their energy from ________.
Select one:
a. methane, sunlight
b. CO2, sunlight
c. CO2, reactions involving inorganic chemicals
d. organic molecules, sunlight
Question 18
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Evidence for the relatively close relationship of archaea to eukaryotes includes
Select one:
a. the absence of introns from genes in both groupsb. the fact that both contain circular DNA without histones
c. the presence of peptidoglycan in the cell walls of both groups
d. the fact that both have several kinds of relatively complex RNA polymerases
Question 19
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Prokaryotic cell walls function
Select one:
a. as a site of metabolic reactions, photosynthesis and cellular respiration
b. to promote flexibility and formation of pseudopodia
c. to propel cells
d. to prevent the cell from bursting in a hypotonic environment
Question 20
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The three diseases that represent high priority threats as biological weapons today are
Select one:
a. anthrax, plague, and botulinum toxin
b. anthrax, smallpox, and Thiobacillus.
c. smallpox, influenza, and typhus
d. syphilis, Chlamydia, and HIV.Question 21
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A bacterium living in an underground septic tank thrives by absorbing organic compounds from
decomposing wastes. What is it?
Select one:
a. a chemoautotroph
b. a photoheterotroph
c. a chemoheterotroph
d. a photoautotroph
Question 22
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Which of the following options lists the events of protist evolution in the correct order, according to
current science?
Select one:
a. Chloroplasts and then mitochondria evolved through primary endosymbiosis; later, algae were
incorporated into several other groups of protists through secondary endosymbiosis
b. Mitochondria and then chloroplasts evolved through primary endosymbiosis; later, algae were
incorporated into several other groups of protists through secondary endosymbiosis
c. Mitochondria and then chloroplasts evolved through primary endosymbiosis; later, protozoans
were incorporated into several other groups of protists through secondary endosymbiosis
d. Mitochondria evolved through primary endosymbiosis; chloroplasts then evolved through
secondary endosymbiosis
Question 23Correct
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Dinoflagellates are best described as
Select one:
a. large, multicellular algae that resemble plants but do not have true leaves, stems, or roots
b. marine and freshwater algae that can produce harmful red tides
c. parasitic protozoans that must spend part of their life cycles in vertebrate hosts
d. protozoans that use cilia to move and feed
Question 24
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Which of the following options correctly pairs a structure with its function in prokaryote cells?
Select one:
a. flagella = feeding appendages
b. capsule = rigid protective structure enclosing cell
c. fimbriae = help prokaryotes stick to each other and to surfaces
d. endospore = food digestion vacuole
Question 25
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The use of prokaryotes and other organisms to clean up pollutants from soil, air, or water is called
________.
Select one:
a. decomposition
b. nitrogen fixation
c. biocomposting
d. bioremediation
Question 1
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A mushroom
Select one:
a. is composed of many threadlike filaments called mycorrhizae
b. is specialized to obtain most of the nutrients for the fungal mycelium
c. is an above-ground reproductive structure connected to a mycelium
d. is an independent stage in the alternation of generations of the fungal life cycle
Question 2
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The ripened ovary of a flower, which is adapted to disperse seeds, is called a
Select one:
a. sporangium
b. casing
c. ovule
d. fruit
Question 3
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In a moss, most of the plants that we see are ________, while in a fern the most dominant stage is
the ________.
Select one:
a. sporophytes, sporophyte
b. sporophytes, gametophyte
c. gametophytes, sporophyte
d. gametophytes, gametophyte
Question 4
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Which part of the life cycle does a pollen grain represent?
Select one:
a. a spore
b. a sperm cell
c. a male sporophyte
d. a male gametophyte
Question 5
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Fungal diseases common in ________ include ________ and ________.
Select one:
a. animals; smuts;. chytrids
b. plants; smuts; rusts
c. plants; ringworm; coccidioidomycosis
d. humans; rusts; vaginal yeast
Question 6
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Red maples and other wind-pollinated plants invest relatively little in producing ________, but must
invest a great deal in producing ________ to achieve good pollination rates.
Select one:
a. pollen, showy or scented flowersb. floral scents, showy petals
c. showy or scented flowerS, massive amounts of pollen
d. seeds, massive amounts of pollen
Question 7
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One of the factors that help animal-pollinated flowering plants transfer pollen to plants of the same
species is
Select one:
a. pollinators are able to rapidly extract nectar from any species of flower, regardless of the
pollinators' past or recent experience with a given flower type
b. each species of pollinator typically visits flowers of one and only one plant species
c. many pollinators have limited learning capacities and are most successful at obtaining food if they
continue to visit the same type of flower after learning how to extract its nectar
d. most pollinators broadly use many different types of flowers
Question 8
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The loss of plant biodiversity, including the wild relatives of crop species, is harmful because these
wild relatives
Select one:
a. may be suitable for domestication and regional production
b. are often tastier than existing crops
c. feed most of the world's populationd. are a source of genetic diversity that could be used to modify or bolster existing crops
Question 9
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Some of the unique adaptations of angiosperms include their beneficial relationships with ________
and their relatively ________.
Select one:
a. animals, rapid fertilization and seed production
b. animals, well developed vascular system
c. animals, large sporophyte
d. fungi, well developed vascular system
Question 10
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In plants, the vascular tissue made of dead cells that transport water and minerals from the roots is
called
Select one:
a. transport tissue
b. meristem
c. phloem
d. xylem
Question 11Correct
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To cross fertilize flowers A and B, one would first remove flower As immature ________ and later
transfer pollen from flower B to flower As ________.
Select one:
a. stamens, stigma
b. stigma, style
c. carpel, ovule
d. anthers, stamen
Question 12
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The dominant stage of the moss life cycle is the
Select one:
a. gametangium
b. pollen
c. gametophyte
d. sporophyte
Question 13
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Which of the following statements regarding fungi is false?
Select one:
a. Fungi can only break down plant material
b. The first antibiotic discovered came from a fungus
c. Fungi are important decomposers in ecosystems
d. The distinctive flavor of certain cheeses is due to fungi
Question 14
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A cocklebur is dispersed by ________, whereas most fleshy, edible fruits are eaten by animals that
________.
Select one:
a. hitching rides on animals; defecate the intact seeds
b. water currents; defecate the intact seeds
c. wind; fully digest the fruits, including the seeds, which are killed
d. hitching rides on animals; fully digest the fruits, including the seeds, which are killed
Question 15
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Which structure is found in angiosperms but not gymnosperms?
Select one:
a. fruit
b. seeds
c. spores
d. ovule
Question 16
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Gas exchange in most land plants occurs through structures called
Select one:
a. spiracles
b. cuticles
c. stomata
d. gas pores
Question 17
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The ________ is the protective chamber that houses the ovule and later matures to become the
fruit.
Select one:
a. stigmab. carpel
c. ovary
d. sepals
Question 18
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About 95% of all modern plant species
Select one:
a. have flagellated sperm.
b. have a dominant sporophyte in their life cycle
c. have a gametophyte adapted to house a sporophyte stage
d. have no gametophyte
Question 19
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The intimate, mutually beneficial association formed between a fungus and the root of a plant is
called a
Select one:
a. ingrowth
b. hypha
c. myceliumd. mycorrhiza
Question 20
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Most familiar types of mushrooms, along with puffballs and shelf fungi, are
Select one:
a. basidiomycetes
b. ascomycetes
c. zygomycetes
d. chytrids
Question 1
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New growth that increases stem length on a plant arises mainly from
Select one:
a. the base of the stem
b. apical meristems
c. the tips of leaves
d. the vascular cambium
Question 2Correct
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Which of the following flower parts produces female gametophytes?
Select one:
a. stigmas
b. sepals
c. anthers
d. ovules
Question 3
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In general, plant dermal tissues are found
Select one:
a. throughout the plant body
b. at the outer surface of a plant
c. lining the vascular tissue
d. near the center of the plant stems and roots
Question 4
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Which of the following is a function of tracheids?
Select one:
a. water conduction
b. photosynthesis
c. production of sex cells
d. food storage
Question 5
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What is the difference between the heartwood and sapwood of a tree?
Select one:
a. Heartwood no longer transports water and minerals, while sapwood still conducts xylem sap
b. Heartwood contains xylem and sapwood contains phloem
c. Sapwood contains xylem and heartwood contains phloem
d. Heartwood contains old phloem that no longer functions, and sapwood contains functioning
phloem
Question 6
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Which of the following plant parts commonly contributes to asexual reproduction?
Select one:
a. roots
b. flowers
c. fruits
d. seeds
Question 7
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The genetically identical organisms that result from asexual reproduction are called
Select one:
a. seeds
b. clones
c. rootlets
d. seedlings
Question 8
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A vascular cambium cell divides to produce an inner and an outer daughter cell. Which of the
following represents the probable fate of these cells?
Select one:a. The inner cell will differentiate into xylem, and the outer cell will divide again
b. The inner cell will differentiate into phloem, and the outer cell will differentiate into xylem
c. Both cells continue to divide to produce wood
d. Both cells will continue to divide without differentiating into specialized cells
Question 9
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Which of the following cells provide flexible support to the growing parts of plants?
Select one:
a. sclerenchyma cells
b. collenchyma cells
c. sieve tube elements
d. parenchyma cells
Question 10
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Bark consists of
Select one:
a. cork only
b. functioning xylem, secondary phloem, cork cambium, and cork
c. secondary phloem, cork cambium, and corkd. cork cambium and cork
Question 11
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Which of the following statements is false?
Select one:
a. The layers of an onion are actually modified leaves
b. A carrot is an example of a taproot
c. Stalks of celery are the petioles of the plant
d. White potatoes are modified plant roots
Question 12
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While cleaning out the attic, you find a packet of seeds that your grandmother gathered from her
garden. You plant them outside, and some of them sprout. What was the condition of these
germinating seeds while they were in the attic?
Select one:
a. The endosperm cells were dead; the embryo cells were alive but inactive
b. They were alive and very metabolically active
c. They were alive but dormant
d. They were dead, but the embryo cells revived in response to water
Question 13
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A woody plant lives through five years of drought, followed by five years of good growing conditions.
The ring of xylem cells formed during the five good years will
Select one:
a. be living, whereas those formed during the drought years will be dead
b. be thinner than those formed during the drought years
c. conduct a higher ratio of sugar to water than those formed during the drought years
d. be thicker than those formed during the drought years
Question 14
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If you carve your initials in the trunk of a tree, will they move up as the tree grows?
Select one:
a. No, because elongation occurs just below the tips of growing stems in the apical meristems
b. Yes, because a tree elongates from the ground up
c. Yes, because growth continues in all parts of a plant throughout its life
d. Yes, because secondary growth will cause them to move up
Question 15
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The growth that pushes a root down through the soil takes place through
Select one:
a. differentiation of xylem cells in the apical meristem
b. cell division in the apical meristem
c. cell elongation behind the root tip
d. cell elongation at the tip of the root cap
Question 16
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Monocot floral parts usually occur in multiples of
Select one:
a. three
b. four
c. five
d. two
Question 17
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Most angiosperms are dicots and most dicots are
Select one:
a. gymnospermsb. cycads
c. mosses
d. eudicots
Question 18
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In a showy flower such as a magnolia or rose, the flower parts that play the main role in attracting
the notice of animal pollinators are the
Select one:
a. sepals
b. petals
c. fruits
d. stigmas
Question 19
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Which of the following is a function of fruits?
Select one:
a. pollen dispersal
b. attracting pollinators
c. seed dispersald. production of food for the developing embryo
Question 20
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Sieve tube elements are plant cells that are part of a plant tissue called
Select one:
a. phloem
b. sclereids
c. tracheids
d. xylem
Question 1
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Carnivorous plants are more likely to grow in acid bogs because
Select one:
a. acid soil inhibits growth of plant roots
b. organic matter decays so slowly there
c. acid rain damages leaves and stems
d. mycorrhizal growth is inhibited
Question 2
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Where do plants get most of their mass?
Select one:
a. from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
b. from organic molecules taken up from the soil
c. from water, as van Helmont predicted
d. from nitrogen in the atmosphere
Question 3
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A hot, dry summer will reduce crop yields in part because
Select one:
a. carbon dioxide uptake is reduced by the stomata closing to prevent excessive water loss
b. oxygen uptake is reduced by the stomata closing to prevent excessive water loss
c. the stomata of the plants stay open to help cool the leaves
d. carbon dioxide release is reduced by the stomata closing to prevent excessive water loss
Question 4
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Which of the following is a potential problem with the use of transgenic varieties of plants that
contain Bt toxin?
Select one:
a. Transgenic crop varieties with Bt toxin are not very hardy and require a lot of care
b. Bt toxin may be harmful to some beneficial insects
c. Bt toxin may be harmful to humans
d. Transgenic crop varieties with Bt toxin require large amounts of fertilizers and chemical
insecticides to grow
Question 5
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The ________ increase the surface area of roots.
Select one:
a. Cell walls and endoplasmic reticulum
b. Plasmodesmata
c. Root hairs
d. Casparian strips
Question 6
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Which of the following options correctly lists the sequence of structures through which water passes
into a root?Select one:
a. root hair, cortex, xylem, endodermis
b. root hair, xylem, endodermis, phloem
c. guard cell, endodermis, cortex, xylem
d. epidermis, cortex, endodermis, xylem
Question 7
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How do sugars move from one sieve-tube cell to the next?
Select one:
a. by diffusion through a companion cell that spans the sieve plate
b. by active transport across cell membranes at the sieve plate
c. by flowing along with water through perforations in the sieve plate
d. by osmotic diffusion through the sieve plate
Question 8
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Much research is being done to increase the nitrogen-fixing ability of plants with root nodules. Why is
this an important goal for agricultural researchers?
Select one:
a. Increasing the nitrogen-fixing ability of plants will allow them to make better use of nitrogen
fertilizers
b. Decreasing the size of nodules will allow plants to fix more nitrogen into their own moleculesc. Nitrogen is an essential component of the amino acids used to form protein
d. By removing the bacteria from the root nodules, more fixed nitrogen will be available to the plants
Question 9
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Legumes are frequently grown in rotation with primary field crops. What is the benefit in this?
Select one:
a. Legumes decrease the amount of organic material in the soil
b. A greater amount of the primary crop can be harvested each year
c. Nitrogen is added to the soil because of the legumes' symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria
d. Soil erosion is reduced by frequent plowing
Question 10
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Which of the following options best describes the mechanism that causes a stoma to open?
Select one:
a. K ion activates water pumps in the guard cell membrane that make them turgid
b. Loss of K ion from guard cells creates positive pressure and expands the guard cells
c. K ion leaves the guard cells and water follows passively, making the cells flaccid
d. K ion enters the guard cells and water follows passively, making the cells turgid
Question 11Correct
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The two main forces that move water through a plant are
Select one:
a. transpiration and root pressure
b. transpiration and pressure flow
c. active transport and cohesion
d. root pressure and photosynthesis
Question 12
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Carnivorousness in plants is primarily an adaptation for
Select one:
a. discouraging herbivorous insects
b. growing in soil poor in organic material
c. obtaining supplemental carbon for photosynthesis
d. growing in soil poor in usable nitrogen
Question 13
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The relationship between a plant and mycorrhizal fungi is best described as
Select one:
a. mutualistic
b. competitive
c. commensal
d. parasitic
Question 14
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Which of the following are important in breaking down organic material in fertile topsoil?
Select one:
a. plant roots
b. bacteria and fungi
c. humus and cations
d. abrasive granite particles
Question 15
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Commercial inorganic fertilizers have greatly increased agricultural productivity. Which of the
following is an advantage of using inorganic rather than organic fertilizers?
Select one:
a. Nutrients are released faster from inorganic fertilizers
b. Inorganic nutrients bind more tightly to soil particles
c. Inorganic fertilizers increase the water-holding capacity of the soil
d. It is easier for plants to absorb nutrients in an inorganic form
Question 16
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In the water relations of vascular plants, the cohesive property of water is most important in the
Select one:
a. epidermis
b. xylem
c. internal air spaces
d. stomata
Question 17
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The loss of water from the leaves of plants is
Select one:a. transpiration
b. osmosis
c. cohesion
d. adhesion
Question 18
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Micronutrients function in plants mainly as
Select one:
a. cofactors in chemical reactions
b. regulators of membrane transport
c. food reserves for pollen grains
d. joining elements in organic molecule carbon skeletons
Question 19
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What is the role of the fungus in a mycorrhizal association?
Select one:
a. absorption of water, phosphate, and other minerals
b. release of water
c. secretion of growth factorsd. contributes to photosynthesis
Question 20
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Question text
Under which of the following weather conditions would transpiration be most rapid?
Select one:
a. hot, dry weather
b. hot, humid weather
c. cold, humid weather
d. windy, wet weather [Show Less]