Which of the following statements regarding thermodynamics is false?
Select one:
a. A single cell or the planet Earth could be a thermodynamic
... [Show More] system
b. Thermodynamics is the study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter
c. An automobile engine is a closed system because it does not exchange energy and matter with its
surroundings
d. An open system exchanges both energy and matter with its surroundings
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Which of the following processes can move a solute against its concentration gradient?
Select one:
a. Passive transport
b. Active transport
c. Facilitated diffusion
d. Osmosis
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Which of the following examples is classified as a metabolic pathway?
Select one:
a. Protein synthesisb. Osmosis
c. Passive diffusion
d. Cell lysis
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Which of the following statements regarding membrane protein function is false?
Select one:
a. Membrane proteins transfer genetic information to the cytoplasm
b. Membrane proteins serve as enzymes
c. Membrane proteins act as receptors to molecules like hormones
d. Membrane proteins form junctions between cells
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Which of the following statements is true among all types of passive transport?
Select one:
a. The concentration gradient is the driving force
b. Only small polar molecules are able to cross the plasma membrane
c. Proteins are needed to transport molecules across the membrane
d. Ions never cross the plasma membrane by passive transport
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Which of the following statements regarding enzymes is true?
Select one:
a. An enzymes function is unaffected by changes in pH
b. Enzymes are inorganic
c. All enzymes depend on protein cofactors to function
d. Enzymes catalyze specific reactions
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Facilitated diffusion across a biological membrane requires ________ and moves a substance
________ its concentration gradient.
Select one:
a. Transport proteins, against
b. Energy and transport proteins, against
c. Transport proteins, down
d. Energy and transport proteins, down
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Anything that prevents ATP formation will most likely
Select one:
a. Have no effect on the cell
b. Result in cell death
c. Force the cell to rely on ADP for energy
d. Force the cell to rely on lipids for energy
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Which of the following statements regarding diffusion is false?
Select one:
a. Diffusion is a result of the thermal energy of atoms and molecules
b. Diffusion occurs when particles spread from areas where they are less concentrated to areas
where they are more concentrated
c. Diffusion occurs even after equilibrium is reached and no net change is apparent
d. Diffusion requires no input of energy into the system
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A plant cell in a hypotonic solution
Select one:
a. Bursts because of an inflow of water
b. Becomes turgid because of an inflow of water
c. Shrivels because of an outflow of water
d. Wilts because of an outflow of water
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ATP can be used as the cell's energy exchange mechanism because
Select one:
a. Endergonic reactions can be fueled by coupling them with the hydrolysis of high-energy
phosphate bonds in ATP
b. ATP is a disposable form of chemical energy, used once and then discarded by the cell
c. Endergonic reactions can be fueled by coupling them with the formation of ATP from ADP
d. ATP is the most energy-rich small molecule in the cell
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Oxygen crosses a plasma membrane by
Select one:a. Passive transport
b. Osmosis
c. Pinocytosis
d. Active transport
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Glucose molecules provide energy to power the swimming motion of sperm. In this example, the
sperm are changing
Select one:
a. Kinetic energy into thermal energy
b. Kinetic energy into potential energy
c. Chemical energy into kinetic energy
d. Chemical energy into potential energy
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Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. This means that
Select one:
a. Anything can pass into or out of a cell as long as the membrane is intact and the cell is healthy
b. Glucose cannot enter the cell
c. Plasma membranes must be very thickd. The plasma membrane allows some substances to enter or leave a cell more easily than
others
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You are adrift in the Atlantic Ocean, and, being thirsty, drink the surrounding seawater. As a result,
Select one:
a. You dehydrate yourself
b. You quench your thirst
c. Your cells become turgid
d. Your cells lyse from excessive water intake
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Which of the following energy transfers is impossible in living systems?
Select one:
a. Light energy to potential energy
b. Chemical energy to kinetic energy
c. Light energy to chemical energy
d. Heat to light energy
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Aquaporins
Select one:
a. Allow water to cross the plasma membrane via facilitated diffusion
b. Allow water to cross the plasma membrane against its concentration gradient
c. Are found in all cells
d. Allow for the active transport of water
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Living systems
Select one:
a. Are examples of a closed system
b. Violate the second law of thermodynamics
c. Violate the first law of thermodynamics
d. Decrease their entropy while increasing the entropy of the universe
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Which of the following statements about the ATP molecule is true?
Select one:
a. Extremely stable bonds link the second and third phosphate groups
b. It releases energy when one phosphate group leaves ATP
c. It contains five phosphate groups
d. It contains the sugar glucose
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An energy barrier
Select one:
a. Is the amount of energy that must be produced by the reactants to end a chemical reaction
b. Is higher than the activation energy of a reaction
c. Can only be overcome with the use of enzymes
d. Prevents the spontaneous breakdown of molecules in the cell
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Which of the following statements regarding active transport is false?
Select one:a. Active transport is driven by the concentration gradient
b. Active transport uses ATP as an energy source
c. Active transport can move a solute against its concentration gradient
d. Active transport requires the cell to expend energy
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Which of the following statements regarding enzyme function is false?
Select one:
a. An enzymes function depends on its three dimensional shape
b. Enzymes emerge unchanged from the reactions they catalyze
c. Enzymes are very specific for certain substrates
d. Enzymes are used up when they catalyze a chemical reaction, so must be synthesized for each
new chemical reaction
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Heating inactivates enzymes by
Select one:
a. Changing the enzymes three dimensional shape
b. Removing phosphate groups from the enzymec. Causing enzyme molecules to stick together
d. Breaking the covalent bonds that hold the molecule together
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The cholesterol associated with animal cell membranes
Select one:
a. Is an abnormality resulting from a diet high in cholesterol
b. Helps to stabilize the cell membrane at body temperature
c. Is attached to membrane proteins and extends into the watery environment surrounding the cell
d. Helps solidify the membranes when the room temperature is below freezing
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A major function of glycoproteins and glycolipids in the cell membrane is to
Select one:
a. Glue cells together to form tissues
b. Allow the cells of an embryo to sort themselves into tissues and organs
c. Attach the cell membrane to the cytoskeleton
d. Help the cell retain its shape
Oxidation is the ________, and reduction is the ________.Select one:
a. Gain of oxygen, loss of oxygen
b. Gain of protons, loss of protons
c. Loss of electrons, gain of electrons
d. Gain of electrons, loss of electrons
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The mitochondrial cristae are an adaptation that
Select one:
a. Carefully encloses the DNA housed within the mitochondrial matrix
b. Helps mitochondria divide during times of greatest cellular respiration
c. Increases the space for more copies of the electron transport chain and ATP synthase
complexes
d. Permits the expansion of mitochondria as oxygen accumulates in the mitochondrial matrix
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At the end of the citric acid cycle, most of the energy remaining from the original glucose is stored in
Select one:
a. Pyruvate
b. CO2
c. ATPd. NADH
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Match the following definitions with the correct term.
Glycolysis followed by the reduction of pyruvate to lactate,
regenerating NAD+
Answer 1
Glycolysis followed by the reduction of pyruvate to ethyl
alcohol, regenerating NAD+ and releasing carbon dioxide
Answer 2
Energy-coupling mechanism that uses energy of hydrogen ion
gradients across membranes to drive cellular work.
Answer 3
A cluster of several membrane proteins that function in
chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains, using
the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make
ATP.
Answer 4
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Which of the following options lists the stages in cellular respiration in the correct order?
Select one:
Alcohol fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation
Chemiosmosis
ATP synthasea. Glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation
b. Oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, and the citric acid cycle
c. The citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolysis
d. Glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and the citric acid cycle
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During cellular respiration, the energy in glucose
Select one:
a. Is carried by electrons
b. Becomes stored in molecules of ammonia
c. Is released all at once
d. Is used to manufacture glucose
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During cellular respiration, NADH
Select one:
a. Is the final electron acceptor
b. Is reduced to form NAD ion
c. Delivers its electron load to the first electron carrier moleculed. Is chemically converted into ATP
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Match the following definitions with the correct term.
The loss of electron from a substance involved in a redox
reaction
Answer 1
The aerobic harvesting of energy from food molecules
Answer 2
The multistep chemical breakdown of a molecule of glucose
into two molecules of pyruvate
Answer 3
The gain of electrons by a substance involved in redox
reactions
Answer 4
A series of electron carrier molecules that shuttle electrons
during the redox reactions that release energy used to make
ATP
Answer 5
The chemical cycle that completes the metabolic breakdown
of glucose molecules begun in glycolysis by oxidizing acetyl
CoA to carbon dioxide.
Answer 6
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Cellular respiration
Oxidation
Electron transport chain
Citric acid cycle
Glycolysis
ReductionFlag question
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A mutant protist is found in which some mitochondria lack an inner mitochondrial membrane. Which
of the following pathways would be completely disrupted in these mitochondria?
Select one:
a. Biosynthesis
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidative phosphorylation
d. Alcoholic fermentation
Question 10
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Respiration ________, and cellular respiration ________.
Select one:
a. Produces ATP, is gas exchange
b. Produces glucose, produces oxygen
c. Is gas exchange, produces ATP
d. Uses glucose, produces glucose
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A culture of bacteria growing aerobically is fed glucose containing radioactive carbon and is then
examined. As the bacteria metabolize the glucose, radioactivity will appear first in
Select one:
a. Glucose 6 phosphate
b. Pyruvate
c. Carbon dioxide
d. ATP
Question 12
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Which of the following statements about the energy yield of aerobic respiration is false?
Select one:
a. Less than 50% of the chemical energy available in glucose is converted to ATP energy
b. Oxidative phosphorylation resulting from 1 glucose molecule yields about 12 ATP molecules
c. Most of the ATP derived during aerobic respiration results from oxidative phosphorylation
d. The total yield of ATP molecules per glucose molecule is about 32
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How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration?
Select one:a. They produce ATP
b. They store it in molecules of carbon dioxide
c. The energy is coupled to oxygen
d. They produce glucose
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A drug is tested in the laboratory and is found to create holes in both mitochondrial membranes.
Scientists suspect that the drug will be harmful to human cells because it will inhibit
Select one:
a. The citric acid cycle
b. Oxidative phosphorylation
c. The citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation
d. Glycolysis
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In the electron transport chain, the final electron acceptor is
Select one:
a. ADP
b. A molecule of waterc. An oxygen atom
d. A molecule of carbon dioxide
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Which of the following statements regarding glycolysis is false?
Select one:
a. Glycolysis is considered to be an ancient metabolic system because it is the most efficient
metabolic pathway for ATP synthesis
b. Glycolysis is considered to be an ancient metabolic process because it is not located in a
membrane bound organelle
c. Glycolysis is considered to be an ancient metabolic process because it does not require oxygen
d. Glycolysis is considered to be an ancient metabolic system because it occurs universally
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A child is born with a rare disease in which mitochondria are missing from skeletal muscle cells.
However, the muscles still function. Physicians find that
Select one:
a. The muscles contain large amounts of lactate following even mild physical exercise
b. The muscle cells cannot split glucose to pyruvate
c. The muscles require extremely high levels of oxygen to functiond. The muscles contain large amounts of carbon dioxide following even mild physical exercise
Question 18
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The enzymes of the citric acid cycle are located in the
Select one:
a. Matrix and inner mitochondrial membrane
b. Nucleus
c. Cytoplasm
d. Outer mitochondrial membrane
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Humans use about ________ of their daily calories to maintain brain cells and power other life
sustaining activities.
Select one:
a. 90%
b. 25%
c. 75%
d. 50%
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The functioning of an electron transport chain is analogous to
Select one:
a. A Slinky toy going down a flight of stairs
b. A person leaping from the top to the bottom of a flight of stairs in one jump
c. A canoe going over a waterfall
d. A person climbing a flight of stairs one step at a time
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When proteins are used as a source of energy for the body, the proteins
Select one:
a. Are hydrolyzed to glucose and converted to acetyl CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle
b. Are converted mainly into intermediates of glycolysis or the citric acid cycle
c. Are hydrolyzed to their constituent amino acids; electrons are stripped from the amino acids and
passed to the electron transport chain
d. Are converted into glucose molecules, which are fed into glycolysis
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Which of the following statements about the energy yields from cellular respiration is true?
Select one:
a. Cellular respiration is more efficient at harnessing energy from glucose than car engines are at
harnessing energy from gasoline
b. The heat produced during cellular respiration is only a tiny fraction of the chemical energy
available in a glucose molecule
c. Cellular respiration converts all of the energy in glucose into high-energy ATP bonds
d. Cellular respiration converts the kinetic energy of glucose into chemical energy
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Some friends are trying to make wine in their basement. They've added yeast to a sweet grape juice
mixture and have allowed the yeast to grow. After several days they find that sugar levels in the
grape juice have dropped, but there's no alcohol in the mixture. The most likely explanation is that
Select one:
a. The mixture needs more sugar, because yeast need a lot of energy before they can begin to
produce alcohol
b. The mixture needs more oxygen, because yeast need oxygen to break down sugar and get
enough energy to produce alcohol
c. The mixture needs less oxygen, because yeast only produce alcohol in the absence of
oxygen
d. The yeast used the alcohol as a carbon source
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Which of the following is a result of glycolysis?
Select one:
a. Conversion of glucose to two three carbon compounds
b. A net loss of two ATPs per glucose molecule
c. Conversion of NADH to NAD ion
d. Production of CO2
Question 25
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Which of the following statements regarding food is false?
Select one:
a. Food provides the raw materials for biosynthetic pathways that consume ATP
b. Food provides the raw materials for biosynthetic pathways that can produce sugar by a process
that is the exact opposite of glycolysis
c. Food provides the raw materials for biosynthetic pathways that make molecules for cellular repair
and growth
d. Food provides the raw materials for biosynthetic pathways that can produce molecules that are
not actually present in the original food
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If you consume 1 g of each of the following, which will yield the most ATP?Select one:
a. Glucose
b. Protein
c. Starch
d. Fat
Question 27
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A culture of bacteria growing aerobically is fed glucose containing radioactive carbon and is then
examined. As the bacteria metabolize the glucose, radioactivity will appear first in
Select one:
a. Pyruvate
b. Glucose 6 phosphate
c. Carbon dioxide
d. ATP
In most green plants, chloroplasts are
Select one:
a. Concentrated in a zone of leaf tissue called the mesophyll
b. Evenly distributed throughout the entire plant
c. Concentrated in a portion of the leaf called the stroma
d. Evenly distributed throughout the leaf tissue
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Which of the following is part of the light reaction?
Select one:
a. Formation of waste products in the form of O2
b. Reduction of carbon
c. Regeneration of NADP
d. Carbon fixation
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CO2 enters and O2 escapes from a leaf via
Select one:
a. Thylakoids
b. Stomata
c. Grana
d. Stroma
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Match the following definitions with the correct term.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, an electron
acceptor that, NADPH, temporarily stores energized electrons
produced during the light reactions
Answer 1
The first of two stages in photosynthesis; the steps in which
solar energy is absorbed and converted to chemical energy
Answer 2
The incorporation of carbon from atmospheric CO2 into the
carbon in organic compounds.
Answer 3
A stack of membrane-bounded thylakoids in a chloroplast;
sites where light energy is trapped by chlorophyll and
converted to chemical energy during the light reactions of
photosynthesis
Answer 4
The second of two stages of photosynthesis; a cycle series of
chemical reactions that occur in the stroma of a chloroplast,
using the carbon in CO2 and the ATP and NADPH produced
by the light reason to make energy-rich sugar molecule G3P
Answer 5
The entire spectrum of radiation ranging in wavelength from
less than a nanometer to more than a kilometer
Answer 6
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Chlorophyll b
Select one:
a. Catalyze the incorporation of carbon atoms into RuBP
NADP+
Light reactions
Electromagnetic spectrum
Carbon fixation
Grana
Calvin cycle/Kreb’s Cycleb. Is best at absorbing the energy of green light
c. Passes absorbed energy to chlorophyll a
d. Is best at absorbing the energy of blue-violet and red light, just like chlorophyll a
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A packet of light energy is called a
Select one:
a. Quantum
b. Photon
c. Phaser
d. Pigment
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To produce one glucose, the Calvin cycle needs to be run through ________ times.
Select one:
a. Two
b. Six
c. Four
d. EightQuestion 8
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Which of the following has been a major source of ozone destruction over the past 50 years?
Select one:
a. Chemiosmosis
b. Ethylene glycol
c. Chlorofluorocarbons
d. Carbon dioxide
Question 9
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The Calvin cycle constructs ________, an energy-rich molecule that a plant cell can then use to
make glucose or other organic molecules.
Select one:
a. NADH
b. G3P
c. ATP
d. Carbon dioxide
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Match the following definitions with the correct term.
An organism that cannot make its own organic food molecules and
must obtain them by consuming other organisms or their organic
products
Answer 1
The process by which plants, autotrophic protists, and some bacteria
use light energy to make sugars and other organic food molecules
from carbon dioxide and water
Answer 2
A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and
other prokaryotes.
Answer 3
A pore surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of a leaf.
Answer 4
A flattened membranous sac inside a chloroplast
Answer 5
An organism that makes its own food, thereby sustaining itself without
eating other organisms or their molecules
Answer 6
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Plant cells are protected from the harmful effects of reactive oxidative molecules by
Heterotrophs
Photosynthesis
Autotrophs
Thylakoids
Heterotrophs
ChlorophyllSelect one:
a. Mitochondria
b. Carotenoids
c. Chlorophyll
d. ATP
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Which of the following is a normal process of photosynthesis that could not occur if all reaction
centers were inactivated by a toxin?
Select one:
a. Donation of excited electrons by chlorophyll b to a primary electron acceptor
b. Absorption of photons by carotenoids
c. Donation of excited electrons by chlorophyll a to a primary electron acceptor
d. Absorption of photons by chlorophyll b
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Chloroplasts contain disklike membranous sacs arranged in stacks called
Select one:
a. Thylakoids
b. Cristae
c. Vacuolesd. Grana
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As a result of the cascade of electrons down the electron transport chains of the light reactions,
Select one:
a. NADP is oxidized to NADPH
b. NADP is reduced to NADPH
c. NADPH is oxidized to NADP
d. NADPH is reduced to NADP
Question 15
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Where is chlorophyll found in a plant cell?
Select one:
a. Cristae
b. Thylakoid membranes
c. Cytoplasm
d. Stroma
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The light reactions occur in the ________, while the Calvin cycle occurs in the ________.
Select one:
a. Stroma, nucleus
b. Cytoplasm, thylakoid membrane
c. Stroma, thylakoid membranes
d. Thylakoid membranes, stroma
Question 17
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Which of the following statements regarding photosynthesis is false?
Select one:
a. Photosynthesis produces O2; respiration produces CO2
b. Photosynthesis consumes CO2; respiration consumes O2
c. Photosynthesis is ultimately powered by light energy and respiration by the chemical energy of
fuel molecules
d. ATP is not produced during photosynthesis, but only during cellular respiration
Question 18
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The ultimate source of all the food we eat and the oxygen we breathe is
Select one:
a. Cellular respiration
b. Glycolysis
c. Photosynthesis
d. Anaerobic metabolism
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Which of the following statements concerning the role of redox reactions in photosynthesis and
cellular respiration is true?
Select one:
a. Photosynthesis involves only reductions, while respiration involves only oxidations
b. In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is oxidized to form sugar, while in respiration, sugar is reduced
to form carbon dioxide
c. In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is reduced to form sugar, while in respiration, sugar is oxidized
to form carbon dioxide
d. Photosynthesis involves only oxidations, while respiration involves only reductions
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OzoneSelect one:
a. Protects Earth from UV radiation
b. Is broken down by carbon dioxide
c. Is a source of oxygen for cellular respiration
d. Formation is promoted by CFCs
Question 21
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What is the likely origin of chloroplasts?
Select one:
a. Mitochondria that had a mutation for photosynthesis
b. Eukaryotes that engulfed photosynthetic fungi
c. Photosynthetic prokaryotes that lived inside eukaryotic cells
d. Prokaryotes with photosynthetic mitochondria
Which of the following statements is false?
Select one:
a. A zygote is a fertilized egg
b. Gametes are haploid cells
c. An X chromosome is an autosome
d. Two haploid cells fuse during fertilization
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Match the following definitions with the correct term.
An abnormal tissue mass that can spread into neighboring
tissue and to other parts of the body; a cancerous tumor
Answer 1
The two chromosomes that make up a matched pair in a
diploid cell
Answer 2
Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell
that develops into a sperm or egg
Answer 3
The spread of cancer cells beyond their original site
Answer 4
An abnormal mass of cells that remains at its original site in
the body
Answer 5
The first sign of cytokinesis during cell division in an animal
cell; a shallow groove in the cell surface near the old
metaphase plate
Answer 6
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Which of the following statements regarding the cell-cycle control system is false?
Select one:
Malignant tumor
Homologous chromosomes
Benign tumor
Cleavage furrow
Somatic cell
Homologous chromosomesa. The cell cycle control system triggers and controls major events in the cell cycle
b. The cell cycle control system receives messages from outside the cell that influence cell division
c. The cell cycle control system operates independently of the growth factors
d. The cell cycle control system includes three key checkpoints to complete a cell cycle
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Which of the following statements regarding cell division is false?
Select one:
a. Cell division can reproduce an entire organism
b. Cell division is the basis of both sexual and asexual reproduction
c. Cell division is necessary for development to occur
d. Cell division is common in eukaryotes but rare in prokaryotes
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Match the following definitions with the correct term.
A cell containing a single set of chromosomes
Answer [Show Less]