often precedes squamous cell carcinoma - ANSWER actinic keratosis
primary adrenocortical deficiency - ANSWER Addison's disease
polyostotic fibrous
... [Show More] dysplasia, precocious puberty, cafe-au-lait spots, short stature, young girls - diagnosis? - ANSWER Albright's syndrome
hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness - ANSWER Alport's syndrome
anti-basement membrane antibodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER Goodpasture's syndrome
anticentromere antibodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER scleroderma (CREST)
anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies (ANA antibodies) - diagnosis?
- what hypersensitivity type? - ANSWER SLE - type III hypersensitivity
anti-epithelial cell antibodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER pemphigus vulgaris
antigliadin antibodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER celiac disease
antihistone antibodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER drug-induced SLE
anti-IgG antibodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER rheumatoid arthritis
antimitochondrial antibodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER primary biliary cirrhosis
antineutrophil antibodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER vasculitis
antiplatelet antibodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
arachnodactyly - diagnosis? - ANSWER Marfan's syndrome
Argyll-Robertson pupil - diagnosis? - ANSWER neurosyphilis
Arnold-Chiari malformation - ANSWER cerebellar tonsillar herniation
Aschoff bodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER rheumatic fever
atrophy of the mammillary bodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER Wernicke's encephalopathy
Auer rods - diagnosis? - ANSWER acute myelogenous leukemia (especially promyelocytic type)
autosplenectomy - diagnosis? - ANSWER sickle cell anemia
Babinski's sign is associated with what? - ANSWER UMN lesion
"bamboo spine" on x-ray - ANSWER ankylosing spondylitis
basophilic stippling of RBCs - diagnosis? - ANSWER lead poisoning
defective dystrophin, less severe than Duchenne's - ANSWER Becker's muscular dystrophy
LMN CN VII palsy - ANSWER Bell's palsy
Bence Jones proteins - possible diagnoses?
- in each case, what are the proteins? - ANSWER multiple myeloma - kappa or lambda light chains
Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia - IgM
IgA nephropathy - diagnosis? - ANSWER Berger's disease
Bernard-Soulier disease - what is the defect? - ANSWER defect in platelet adhesion
bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis - diagnosis? - ANSWER sarcoidosis
Birbeck granules on EM - diagnosis? - ANSWER histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma)
bloody tap on LP - diagnosis? - ANSWER subarachnoid hemorrhage
"blue bloater" - ANSWER chronic bronchitis
blue-domed cysts - diagnosis? - ANSWER fibrocystic change of the breast
blue sclera - diagnosis? - ANSWER osteogenesis imperfecta
boot-shaped heart on x-ray - possible diagnoses? - ANSWER tetralogy of Fallot or RVH
Bouchard's nodes - diagnosis?
- where are they located?
- why do they occur? - ANSWER osteoarthritis - on PIP secondary to osteophytes
boutonniere deformity - diagnosis? - ANSWER rheumatoid arthritis
branching rods in oral infection - diagnosis? - ANSWER Actinomyces israelii
"brown tumor" of bone - possible diagnoses?
- what causes the brown color? - ANSWER hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (von Recklinghausen's disease)
- color is due to hemorrhage in cysts
X-linked agammaglobulinemia - ANSWER Bruton's disease
posthepatic venous thrombosis - diagnosis? - ANSWER Budd-Chiari syndrome
Buerger's disease - what size arteries does it affect? - ANSWER small or medium-artery vasculitis
Burkitt's lymphoma - what is the translocation?
- what virus is it associated with?
- appearance on histology? - ANSWER 8:14 translocation
EBV
starry sky appearance
Burton's lines - diagnosis? - ANSWER lead poisoning
what types of ANCA are associated with Wegener's granulomatosis and microscopic polyangiitis? - ANSWER Wegener's - c-ANCA
MPA - p-ANCA
cafe-au-lait spots on skin - diagnosis? - ANSWER neurofibromatosis
calf pseudohypertrophy - diagnosis? - ANSWER Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
Call-Exner bodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary
cardiomegaly with apical atrophy - diagnosis? - ANSWER Chagas' disease
trypanosome infection - diagnosis? - ANSWER Chagas' disease
painless chancre - diagnosis? - ANSWER primary syphilis
painful chancroid - cause? - ANSWER Haemophilus ducreyi
Charcot's triad of multiple sclerosis - ANSWER nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech
Charcot's triad of cholangitis - ANSWER jaundice, RUQ pain, fever
Charcot-Leyden crystals - diagnosis?
- what are they? - ANSWER bronchial asthma - eosinophil membranes
what is the defect in Chediak-Higashi disease? - ANSWER phagocyte deficiency
cherry-red spot on macula - possible diagnoses? - ANSWER Tay-Sachs or Niemann-Pick disease
what are Cheyne-Stokes respirations, and in what circumstance do they occur? - ANSWER central apnea in CHF and increased intracranial pressure
"chocolate cysts" - ANSWER endometriosis
what does chronic atrophic gastritis predispose to? - ANSWER gastric carcinoma
Chvostek's sign - what is it, and what does it indicate? - ANSWER facial muscle spasm upon tapping - sign of hypocalcemia
DES exposure in utero predisposes to what? - ANSWER clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
clue cells - diagnosis? - ANSWER Gardnerella vaginitis
Codman's triangle on x-ray - diagnosis? - ANSWER osteosarcoma
cold agglutinins - possible diagnoses? - ANSWER Mycoplasma pneumonia or infectious mononucleosis
cold intolerance - sign of what? - ANSWER hypothyroidism
condylomata lata - diagnosis? - ANSWER secondary syphilis
continuous machinery murmur - indicates what? - ANSWER patent ductus arteriosus
what is the defect in Cori's disease? - ANSWER debranching enzyme deficiency
cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, fever - diagnosis? - ANSWER measles
Councilman bodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER toxic or viral hepatitis
Cowdry type A bodies - caused by what? - ANSWER herpesvirus
crescents in Bowman's capsule - diagnosis? - ANSWER rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
what is Crigler-Najjar syndrome? - ANSWER congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia - due to absent UDP glucuronyl transferase
acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns - ANSWER Curling's ulcer
currant-jelly sputum - diagnosis? - ANSWER Klebsiella
Curschmann's spirals - diagnosis?
- what are they? - ANSWER bronchial asthma - whorled mucous plugs
acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury - ANSWER Cushing's ulcer
D-dimers - diagnosis? - ANSWER DIC
depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra - diagnosis?
- where is the defect?
- symptoms? - ANSWER Parkinson's disease - basal ganglia disorder
- rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia
dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea - diagnosis? - ANSWER pellagra (niacin/vitamin B3 deficiency)
dog or cat bite - infected with? - ANSWER Pasteurella multocida
what is Dressler's syndrome? - ANSWER post-MI fibrinous pericarditis
what is Dubin-Johnson syndrome?
- what is the defect?
- what is the pathologic consequence? - ANSWER congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia - due to defective liver excretion of conjugated bilirubin, causing black liver
what is the defect in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy?
- what is the inheritance pattern? - ANSWER deleted dystrophin gene - X-linked recessive
eburnation - diagnosis? - ANSWER osteoarthritis
trisomy 18 associated with rocker-bottom feet, low-set ears, heart disease - ANSWER Edwards' syndrome
what is Eisenmenger's complex? - ANSWER late cyanosis shunt (reversal of an uncorrected L-R shunt to an R-L shunt)
elastic skin - diagnosis? - ANSWER Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
where and what is Erb-Duchenne palsy? - ANSWER superior trunk injury to brachial plexus (C5-6) - "waiter's tip"
erythema chronicum migrans - diagnosis? - ANSWER Lyme disease
genetically inherited aplastic anemia - ANSWER Fanconi's anemia
what is Fanconi's syndrome? - ANSWER proximal tubular reabsorption defect (causes excretion of many things - leads to, among other things, rickets, metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia)
"fat, female, forty, and fertile" - at risk for? - ANSWER acute cholecystitis
fatty liver - associated with? - ANSWER alcoholism
ferruginous bodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER asbestosis
colon polyps with osteomas and soft tissue tumors - diagnosis? - ANSWER Gardner's syndrome
what is the defect in Gaucher's disease? - ANSWER glucocerebrosidase deficiency
Ghon focus - diagnosis? - ANSWER primary TB
what is Gilbert's syndrome?
- what is the deficiency? - ANSWER benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia - due to mildly decreased UDP-glucouronyl transferase or decreased bilirubin uptake by liver
what is the defect in Glanzmann's thrombasthenia? - ANSWER defect in platelet aggregation (defect in GPIIb/IIIa)
autoantibodies against alveolar and glomerular basement membrane proteins - diagnosis? - ANSWER Goodpasture's syndrome
Gowers' maneuver - diagnosis?
- what is the maneuver? - ANSWER Duchenne's - use of patient's arms to help legs pick self off floor
idiopathic peripheral polyneuritis - diagnosis? - ANSWER Guillain-Barre syndrome
"hair on end" (crew cut) appearance on x-ray - possible diagnoses?
- why does this happen? - ANSWER beta-thalassemia or sickle cell anemia - due to extramedullary hematopoiesis
what is Hand-Schuller-Christian disease? - ANSWER chronic progressive histiocytosis (Langerhans cell histiocytosis)
lots of HbF - diagnosis? - ANSWER thalassemia major
HbS - diagnosis? - ANSWER sickle cell anemia
conditions in which hCG is elevated - ANSWER choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole
Heberden's nodes - diagnosis?
- where are they located?
- why do they occur? - ANSWER osteoarthritis - DIP swelling secondary to osteophytes
Heinz bodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER G6PD deficiency
hypersensitivity vasculitis associated with hemorrhagic urticaria and upper respiratory tract infections - diagnosis? - ANSWER Henoch-Schonlein purpura
heterophil antibodies - diagnosis?
- caused by what? - ANSWER infectious mononucleosis - caused by EBV
high-output cardiac failure (dilated cardiomyopathy) is associated with what vitamin deficiency?
- what is the disease called? - ANSWER vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency - wet beriberi
HLA-B27 - associated with what diseases? - ANSWER Reiter's syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease
disease associated with HLA-DR3 or DR4
- what causes it? - ANSWER diabetes mellitus type 1 - autoimmune destruction of beta cells
Homer Wright rosettes - diagnosis? - ANSWER neuroblastoma
honeycomb lung on x-ray - diagnosis? - ANSWER interstitial fibrosis
symptoms of Horner's syndrome - ANSWER ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
Howell-Jolly bodies - caused by what? - ANSWER splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen
caudate degeneration - diagnosis?
- what is the inheritance pattern? - ANSWER Huntington's disease - autosomal dominant
hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility - diagnosis?
- what is the affected organ? - ANSWER Kluver-Bucy syndrome - affects amygdala
hyperpigmentation of skin - diagnosis? - ANSWER primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease)
hypersegmented neutrophils - diagnosis? - ANSWER macrocytic anemia
hypertension and hypokalemia - diagnosis? - ANSWER Conn's syndrome (aldosterone-secreting tumor)
hypochromic microcytosis - possible diagnoses? - ANSWER iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning
increased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum - possible diagnoses? - ANSWER neural tube defects (anencephaly, spina bifida)
increased uric acid levels - possible diagnoses? - ANSWER gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, myeloproliferative disorders, use of loop and thiazide diuretics
Janeway lesions - diagnosis? - ANSWER endocarditis
what disease is the Jarish-Herxheimer reaction associated with, and what is it? - ANSWER syphilis - overaggressive treatment of an asymptomatic patient that causes symptoms due to rapid lysis
what is the defect in Job's syndrome? - ANSWER neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality - due to failure of IFN-gamma production by helper T cells
Kaposi's sarcoma - associated with? - ANSWER AIDS in MSM
what is the defect in Kartagener's syndrome? - ANSWER dynein defect
Kayser-Fleischer rings - diagnosis? - ANSWER Wilson's disease
keratin pearls - diagnosis? - ANSWER squamous cell carcinoma
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules - diagnosis? - ANSWER diabetic nephropathy
bilateral amygdala lesions - diagnosis? - ANSWER Kluver-Bucy syndrome
koilocytes - diagnosis? - ANSWER HPV
Koplik spots - diagnosis? - ANSWER measles
gastric adenocarcinoma with ovarian metastases - ANSWER Krukenberg tumor (Puneet, this one is for you)
Kussmaul hyperpnea - diagnosis? - ANSWER diabetic ketoacidosis
lens dislocation, aortic dissection, joint hyperflexibility - diagnosis?
- what is the defect? - ANSWER Marfan's syndrome - defect in fibrillin
what is the defect in Lesch-Nyhan syndrome? - ANSWER HGPRT deficiency
Lewy bodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER Parkinson's disease
what is Libman-Sacks disease? - ANSWER endocarditis associated with SLE
lines of Zahn - diagnosis? - ANSWER arterial thrombus
Lisch nodules - diagnosis? - ANSWER neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease)
low serum ceruloplasmin - diagnosis? - ANSWER Wilson's disease
lucid interval - associated with what head pathology? - ANSWER epidural hematoma
"lumpy-bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence - diagnosis? - ANSWER poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
lytic bone lesions on x-ray - diagnosis? - ANSWER multiple myeloma
Mallory bodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER alcoholic liver disease
esophagogastric lacerations - diagnosis? - ANSWER Mallory-Weiss syndrome
what is the defect in McArdle's disease? - ANSWER muscle phosphorylase deficiency
McBurney's sign - diagnosis? - ANSWER appendicitis
MLF syndrome (internuclear ophthalmoplegia) - diagnosis? - ANSWER multiple sclerosis
monoclonal antibody spike - possible diagnoses?
- what makes up the spike in each? - ANSWER multiple myeloma (IgG or IgA)
MGUS
Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (IgM)
myxedema - diagnosis? - ANSWER hypothyroidism
necrotizing vasculitis of the lungs (hemoptysis) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis - possible diagnoses? - ANSWER Wegener's or Goodpasture's
needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals - diagnosis? - ANSWER gout
Negri bodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER rabies
nephritis, cataracts, hearing loss - diagnosis?
- what is the defect? - ANSWER Alport's syndrome
- type IV collagen defect
neurofibrillary tangles - diagnosis? - ANSWER Alzheimer's disease
what is the defect in Niemann-Pick disease? - ANSWER sphingomyelinase deficiency
no lactation postpartum - diagnosis?
- what causes it? - ANSWER Sheehan's syndrome - due to pituitary infarction
nutmeg liver - diagnosis? - ANSWER CHF
occupational exposure to asbestos - associated with? - ANSWER malignant mesothelioma
"Orphan Annie" nuclei - diagnosis? - ANSWER papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
Osler's nodes - diagnosis? - ANSWER endocarditis
owl's eye inclusion bodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER CMV
eczematous dermatitis of nipple or areola - diagnosis?
- what is it a sign of? - ANSWER Paget's disease of breast
- sign of underlying neoplasm
increased osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity - diagnosis? - ANSWER Paget's disease of bone (osteitis deformans)
painless jaundice - diagnosis? - ANSWER pancreatic cancer (of head)
palpable purpura on legs and buttocks - diagnosis? - ANSWER Henoch-Schonlein purpura
bronchogenic apical tumor associated with Horner's syndrome - ANSWER Pancoast's tumor
pannus - diagnosis? - ANSWER rheumatoid arthritis
nigrostriatal dopamine depletion - diagnosis? - ANSWER Parkinson's disease
periosteal elevation on x-ray - diagnosis? - ANSWER pyogenic osteomyelitis
benign polyposis - diagnosis? - ANSWER Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
penile fibrosis - diagnosis? - ANSWER Peyronie's disease
Philadelphia chromosome (bcr-abl) - diagnosis? - ANSWER CML
Pick bodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER Pick's disease
progressive dementia, similar to Alzheimer's - diagnosis? - ANSWER Pick's disease
"pink puffer" - diagnosis?
- what are the two types, and what causes them? - ANSWER emphysema
- centroacinar - due to smoking
- panacinar - due to alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency
esophageal webs with iron deficiency anemia - diagnosis? - ANSWER Plummer-Vinson syndrome
podagra - diagnosis?
- where is it located? - ANSWER gout - MP joint of hallux
podocyte fusion - diagnosis? - ANSWER minimal change disease
polyneuropathy, cardiac pathology, and edema - diagnosis?
- what causes it? - ANSWER wet beriberi (vitamin B1 deficiency)
polyneuropathy preceded by GI or respiratory infection - ANSWER Guillain-Barre syndrome
what is the defect in Pompe's disease?
- what significant finding is it associated with? - ANSWER lysosomal glucosidase deficiency
- cardiomegaly
port-wine stain - diagnosis? - ANSWER hemangioma
positive anterior "drawer sign" - diagnosis? - ANSWER anterior cruciate ligament injury
what is Pott's disease? - ANSWER vertebral tuberculosis
pseudopalisade tumor cell arrangement - diagnosis? - ANSWER glioblastoma multiforme
pseudorosettes - diagnosis? - ANSWER Ewing's sarcoma
ptosis, miosis, anhidroisis - diagnosis?
- often associated with what? - ANSWER Horner's syndrome
- Pancoast's tumor
rash on palms and soles - possible diagnoses? - ANSWER secondary syphilis, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, coxsackie A virus
recurrent vasospasm in extremities - diagnosis? - ANSWER Raynaud's syndrome
RBC casts in urine - diagnosis? - ANSWER acute glomerulonephritis
recurrent pulmonary Pseudomonas and S. aureus infections - associated with? - ANSWER cystic fibrosis
red urine in the morning - diagnosis? - ANSWER paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Reed-Sternberg cells - diagnosis? - ANSWER Hodgkin's lymphoma
increased Reid index - diagnosis? - ANSWER chronic bronchitis (gland depth/total thickness of bronchial wall)
Reinke crystals - diagnosis? - ANSWER Leydig cell tumor
what are the symptoms of Reiter's syndrome? - ANSWER urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis
renal cell carcinoma, cavernous hemangiomas, adenomas - diagnosis? - ANSWER von Hippel-Lindau disease
renal epithelial casts in urine - diagnosis? - ANSWER acute toxic/viral nephrosis
rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent - diagnosis? - ANSWER pseudogout
rib notching - diagnosis? - ANSWER coarctation of aorta
Roth's spots in retina - diagnosis? - ANSWER endocarditis
what is Rotor's syndrome?
- what is the defect?
- similar to what disease? - ANSWER congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
- defective liver excretion of bilirubin (similar to Dubin-Johnson, but milder)
rouleaux formation of RBCs - diagnosis? - ANSWER multiple myeloma
S3 - possible diagnoses? - ANSWER left-to-right shunt (VSD, PDA, ASD), mitral regurgitation, CHF (LV failure)
S4 - possible diagnoses? - ANSWER aortic stenosis, hypertrophic subaortic stenosis
Schiller-Duval bodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER yolk sac tumor
senile plaques - diagnosis? - ANSWER Alzheimer's disease
what is Sezary syndrome? - ANSWER cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
what is Sheehan's syndrome? - ANSWER postpartum pituitary necrosis
Schwartzman reaction - associated with? - ANSWER Neisseria meningitidis
signet-ring cells - diagnosis? - ANSWER gastric carcinoma
simian crease - diagnosis? - ANSWER Down syndrome
Sipple's syndrome - also known as? - ANSWER MEN IIa
dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis - diagnosis? - ANSWER Sjogren's syndrome
skip lesions - diagnosis? - ANSWER Crohn's
slapped cheeks - diagnosis? - ANSWER erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)
Smith antigen - diagnosis? - ANSWER SLE
"smudge cell" - diagnosis? - ANSWER CLL
soap bubble on x-ray - diagnosis? - ANSWER giant cell tumor of bone
spike and dome on EM - diagnosis? - ANSWER membranous glomerulonephritis
what is a Spitz nevus? - ANSWER benign juvenile melanoma
splinter hemorrhages in fingernails - diagnosis? - ANSWER endocarditis
starry-sky pattern - diagnosis? - ANSWER Burkitt's lymphoma
"strawberry tongue" - diagnosis? - ANSWER scarlet fever
streaky ovaries - diagnosis? - ANSWER Turner's syndrome
string sign on x-ray - diagnosis? - ANSWER Crohn's disease
subepithelial humps on EM - diagnosis? - ANSWER poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
suboccipital lymphadenopathy - diagnosis? - ANSWER rubella
sulfur granules - diagnosis? - ANSWER Actinomyces israelii
swollen gums, bruising, poor wound healing, anemia - diagnosis?
- what is this due to?
- why do these symptoms occur? - ANSWER scury - vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficiency
- vitamin C is needed for hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen synthesis
systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo) - diagnosis? - ANSWER aortic valve stenosis
t(8;14) - diagnosis?
- gene involved? - ANSWER Burkitt's lymphoma
- c-myc activation
t(9;22) - diagnosis?
- gene involved? - ANSWER CML
- Philadelphia chromosome - bcr-abl hybrid
t(14;18) - diagnosis?
- gene involved? - ANSWER follicular lymphoma
- bcl-2 activation
tabes dorsalis - diagnosis? - ANSWER tertiary syphilis
tendon xanthomas (classically Achilles) - diagnosis? - ANSWER familial hypercholesterolemia
thumb sign on lateral x-ray - diagnosis?
- caused by what? - ANSWER epiglottitis - due to Haemophilus influenzae
thyroidization of kidney - diagnosis? - ANSWER chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
tophi - diagnosis? - ANSWER gout
"tram-track" appearance on LM - diagnosis? - ANSWER membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
what is Trousseau's sign of malignancy?
- possible diagnoses? - ANSWER migratory thrombophlebitis
- visceral cancer or pancreatic adenocarcinoma
what is Trousseau's sign of latent tetany?
- diagnosis? - ANSWER carpal spasm
- hypocalcemia
what is Virchow's node?
- what is it a sign of? - ANSWER left supraclavicular node enlargement
- from metastatic carcinoma of the stomach
what is Virchow's triad?
- predilection for what? - ANSWER blood stasis, endothelial damage, hypercoagulation
- pulmonary embolism
neurofibromatosis with cafe-au-lait spots - diagnosis? - ANSWER von Recklinghausen's disease
what is von Recklinghausen's disease of bone? - ANSWER osteitis fibrosa cystica ("brown tumor")
adrenal hemorrhage associated with meningococcemia - diagnosis? - ANSWER Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
waxy casts in urine - diagnosis? - ANSWER chronic end-stage renal disease
WBC casts in urine - diagnosis? - ANSWER acute pyelonephritis
WBCs in urine - diagnosis? - ANSWER acute cystitis [Show Less]