Three main categories of controlling and preventing crime....
- Crime prevention methods
Surveillance
Punishment
Situational crime prevention is
... [Show More] based on..... - Reducing opportunities for crime to take place
Is situational crime prevention concerned with improving society to prevent crime? Why or why not? - No simply just to reduce he opportunity for crime to occur
Ron Clarke (1992) said situational crime prevention is a.... - Pre-emptive approach that isn't doesn't rely on improving society but simply to reducing he opportunities for crime
Clarke's (1992) three features of situational crime prevention...... - Directed at specific crimes
Manages or alters the immediate environment of the crime
Increases the effort or risk of committing crime
Which sociological theory is situational crime heavily based on and why? - Right realism - based on the idea that criminals rationally weight up the pros and cons of committing a crime (rational choice theory)
Which crime prevention method would target hardening be an example of? - Situational crime prevention
Why would target hardening be an example of situational crime prevention? - Because it aims to make it harder for criminals to commit crime by altering the immediate situation
Situational crime prevention contrasts with theories that stress crime as having.... - A root cause like socialisation or capitalism
Who gave an example of situational crime prevention? - Marcus Felson (2002)
Felson's (2002) example of a situational crime prevention strategy..... - New York bus station was poorly designed and provided criminal opportunities
The bus station was redesigned to make it harder for deviant acts and it worked
Key criticism of situational crime prevention is the idea of.... - Displacement
What is the idea of crime displacement as a criticism of situational crime prevention? - Criminals simply move to areas that have no situational prevention in control
This sociologist gives an example of crime displacement... - Chaiken et al (1974)
Chaiken's (1974) example of crime displacement..... - Found that crackdown on New York subway simply displaced them to the streets above
Spatial displacement.... - Moving elsewhere to commit the crime
Temporal crime displacement.... - Committing the crime at a different time
Target displacement.... - Choosing a different victim
Tactical displacement..... - Using a different crime method
Functional displacement..... - Committing a different type of crime
A03: Key example of situational crime prevention methods working linked to gas..... - Decline of suicide by gassing and suicide rate overall
A03: explain how decline of suicide rates by gas are an example of situational prevention.... - In 1960's half of suicides were by highly toxic coal gas however coal gas was gradually replaced by less toxic gas and suicide rate declined
A03: situational crime prevention ignores.... - The root causes of crime
Environmental crime prevention is based these two ideas.... - Broken Windows theory
Zero tolerance policing
These two researchers established broken windows theory..... - Wilson and Kelling
Both of these are absent in a neighbourhood tolerating 'broken windows' - Formal social control (police) and informal social control (community)
Broken windows would be an example of this type of crime prevention.... - Environmental
Wilson and Kelling's idea of replacing broken windows ( environment crime prevention)..... - Any signs of disorder and deviance in a neighbourhood must be taken care of immediately
Two parts to the environmental crime prevention strategy..... - Replacing 'broken windows'
Zero tolerance policing
Zero tolerance policing would be an example of this crime prevention strategy.... - Environmental crime prevention
Key piece of evidence for environmental crime prevention strategies working..... - Use of zero tolerance policing in NYC [Show Less]