Groups
collection of personel who are perceived to be bonded together in a coherent unit to some degree
Roles
set of behaviors that individuals
... [Show More] occupying specific positions within a group are expected to perform
Norms
rules within a group indicating how its members should or should not behave
Choesiveness
forces that cause group members to remain in the group (ex. status, personal benefits, ability to make a difference, etc.)
Social Facilitation
effects upon performance resulting from the presence of others
Drive Theory of Social Facilitation
(Zajonc) mere presence of others is arousing and increases tendency to perform dominant responses
Distraction-Conflict Theory
social facilitation stems from conflict produced when individuals attempt to pay attention to both the audience and the task (ex. trying to engage audience while giving a speech)
Social Loafing
reductions in motivation and effort when individuals work collectively compared to work individually (ex. group projects, one person does most of the work)
Deindividuation
reduced self-awareness and reduced social identity, brought on by external conditions such as being an anonymous member of a large crowd (ex. dress up at Halloween because everyone does, less attention on the individual)
Cooperation
behavior in which groups work together to reach shared goals
Social Dilemmas
situations in which each person can increase his or her individual gains by acting in one way, but if most persons do the same thing, the outcomes experienced by all are reduced
Reciprocity
basic rule suggesting that individuals should treat others as they have treated them
Conflict
individuals or groups perceive that others have taken (or will soon take) actions incompatible with their own interests
Bargaining/Negotiation
process in which opposing sides exchange offers, counteroffers, and concessions, either directly or through representatives, to reach a middle ground
Distributive Justice
individuals' judgments about whether they are receiving a fair share of available rewards
Procedural Justice
judgments concerning fairness of procedures use to distribute available rewards
Interactional/Transactional Justice
extent that decisions regarding the distribution of rewards are explain and courtesy is shown toward those who receive the rewards
Affective States
emotional, peoples use of current emotion as a guide; will effect perception of everything
Decision Making
processes involved in combining and integrating available information in order to choose one out of several possible courses of action (occurs in the prefrontal cortex of the brain)
Social Decision Schemes
rules relating the initial distribution of member views to final group decisions (ex. majority wins)
Group Polarization
tendency of group members to shift toward more extreme positions after group discussions interfere with decision making
Group Think
members of highly cohesive groups assume that their decisions cant be wrong and that information contrary to the decision should be ignored [Show Less]